高考英语指导写作 8页

上海高考英语题型训练：指导写作 一， 一等文要求，‎ 1， 结构三段式：‎ 第一段：简单明了，开门见山。‎ 如我们想表达小强很强壮，直接说 XQ is extremely strong. 观点明确，一句足矣。‎ 第二段：分析为什么他强壮。‎ A. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten meals everyday! 详举吃的是什么。‎ B. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。‎ 第三段：结论，与第一段呼应，但不能完全照，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，How strong and robust XQ is! I hope to be him one day!‎ ‎2，内容和要点：‎ 话题topic必须符合题意，提示的要点必须写全，一个都不能漏写。确定主题、要点是要发表观点，还是举出例子。如果有具体提示，写作就等于翻译，把提示内容变换句式翻译到位，全面切题。如果没有提示，自已提炼，找到主题, 跟主旨无关的话不要写。‎ ‎3，逻辑合理：‎ 递进：first, second, third, finally, to begin with, first of all, in addition, what's more, moreover, on the one hand, on the other hand, the last but not the least。‎ 转折：but, yet, however, as far as I am concerned, in the meantime。‎ 总结：in a word, all in all, in conclusion。‎ ‎4，语法和亮点：‎ 单词拼读和语法必须准确，不可以有错误。在此基础上，用几个有难度的词汇，编几个高级的句型。一般词汇和简单句型要限量用，不可占字太多。 ‎ 二， 三段十句话：‎ ‎1，三段布局：‎ 高考作文题型多样, 有命题作文和材料作文。材料作文是根据给出的书面材料, 按要求作文。话题主要三方面：学生学习生活，学生日常生活，社会热点现象。‎ 无论哪种文体：记叙文、议论文，夹叙夹议文，应用文、说明文、图片描述文都可以用三段法：引入，具体，结尾。‎ 记叙文：A. 背景介绍：时间、地点、人物、事件。B. 故事发展经过结果。C. 结局和感受。 ‎ 议论文：A. 发表观点。B. 论据理由。C. 结论呼应论点。‎ 图片文：A. 描述图片内容，提炼观点。B. 论据理由。C. 结论呼应论点。‎ 日记写法同一般记叙文或议论文。通知，书信，演讲稿在引入部分写话题，意图，主题；在具体部分写活动要求，具体内容，观点陈述；在结尾部分写活动时间、地点、联系方式、结语、总结、希望或号召。‎ 2， 十句成篇：‎ Passage 1,‎ 1） Topic 话题 2） Thesis 论点 Passage 2,‎ 3） Transition 过渡句 4） Argument1 论据1‎ 1） Detail 1 论据1的支持句 2） Argument2 论据2‎ 3） Detail 2 论据2 的支持句 4） Argument3 论据3‎ 5） Detail 3 论据3的支持句 Passage 3‎ 6） Conclusion 总结 以上为议论文的三段十句结构。根据具体情况可调整加减。其它文体在此基础上略作修改即可。‎ 三， 具体各类题型写法：‎ 1， 描述图片类：‎ P1图片描述, 图片主旨。P2 过渡句加论据和支持句。视字数调整论据和支持句个数。P3总结。‎ 2， 夹叙夹议文：‎ 写法1，P1 话题记叙或描述。P2 观点或感想，写2个论据和2个支持句。‎ P3总结。‎ 写法2，P1 话题和观点。P2 事件起因、经过、结果以证明论点。P3 总结说明事件，再次证明话题和论点。‎ 写法3，P1回忆记述事件。P2感受、观点。P3总结。‎ 3， 两主旨议论文：‎ 有时需要写两个主旨，如第一个为什么喜欢读书，另一个喜欢读什么书。或第一个水为什么珍贵，另一个怎么节约水。可以分成两大部分写：‎ P1 话题、一个论据和支持句。P2 过渡句、另一个论据和支持句。P3 总结 ‎4，建议型议论文：‎ 写法1，倾向建议：提出一个问题，简单说明该问题，并针对此问题给出多个建议：P1写信目的，一个问题。 P2 针对这个问题若干建议。P3总结希望。‎ 写法2，问题建议并重：提出两个问题，然后给出相应的两条建议：P1 写信目的。P2提两个问题并说明。P3针对两问题给两建议。‎ 写法3，倾向于问题：提出一个问题，详细阐述问题并分析原因，结尾给出一个建议。P1写信目的。P2提出一个问题，原因及危害等。P3 建议、总结。‎ 5， 说明文和纯事实新闻报导：‎ 同纯记叙文，不涉及议论，只将起因、经过、结果写清即可。重事实轻情义。‎ 四， 写作四步骤：‎ 1， 审题：主题，体裁，人称，时态，内容要点。在试卷中画出要点。‎ 2， 框架：打草稿：一定要打草稿，正式写作再梳理锤炼。‎ 3， 成文：一要凝练，二要变化。使用过渡词、从句、不同句型和词组搭配。‎ ‎4，检查：内容要点，语法错误。名词查单复数和冠词，动词查时态语态和主谓一致。变换句式：不用过于简单的结构。‎ 总之：认真审题, 提炼要点; 紧扣主题, 扩词成句; 表述准确, 连句成文; 通篇检查, 确保无误。‎ 五， 英文文章开头有两种可以选择：‎ ‎1，每段开头空两格，四或五个字符，段落之间不空行。 2，每段开头顶格写，段落之间空行。 两种都可以，但是空格与不空格不能混用，第一种用的比较 Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ Unit 1, 假设你是启光中学的学生李跃华，你在学校公众号 (public platform) 上看到一张志者招募启事。请根据该启事的要求，写一封邮件（邮件中不得提到自己的真实姓名和学校），就启事中的三个活动任选其一，申请一份志愿者工作。‎ 校园开放日期招募志愿者 学校将于2019年1月1日举办校园开放日，以增进家校沟通，宣传学校办学成果，现就活动方案招募志愿者。活动一：拓展课程（expensive course）介绍，‎ 活动二：社团(society)活动展示，活动三：学习经验分享 有意者请给校长室发邮件并告知：1) 你想报名参加的志愿活动 2) 你参加这项志愿活动的理由 3) 你可以为该活动做些什么 联系方式：2019campus-open-day@qmschool.cn 2018年12月19日 Dear Sir/ Madam,‎ My name is Li Yuehua. Hearing that our school is about to hold the open day activity, I’m writing to apply for the volunteer job for sharing my learning experience.‎ ‎ I’ve spent my 12th year being a student. Small as the number is, I always think it easy to learn every course. So I’m going to share my methods with our mates, for they can benefit a lot. Three steps, I think, consist of my work. First of all, I will divide our subjects into 3 dimensions, according to the different learning methods, and I’m telling our mates that there is a unique trait in every dimension. Moreover, I’ll introduce the aids that I always use in my learning process, which may sharply improve our learning effect. Ultimately, with the Internet technology available in our life, I want to share some websites containing many useful documents, which can do good to our learning.‎ ‎ Thanks for your consideration, and I would appreciate it very much if I could take to the job.‎ ‎ Yours,‎ ‎ Li Yuehua ‎ Unit 2, 假设你是明启中学高三学生卢平，你的网友王磊近日就学习时如何记好笔记发邮件向你求教，请给他回复一封电子邮件，邮件必须包括以下内容：‎ 描述两到三个不同的笔记类型及其特征，如何记好笔记的建议。‎ Dear Wang Lei,‎ ‎ Thank you for hearing from you about how to take notes. As is known to us, it is important to take notes when we are studying, which is also easily with no point for those of us who are inexperience. So let me talk about my ideas.‎ ‎ I divide my notes into several types, which are in the form of record, abstract and feelings. First and foremost, the most commonly type l used to take notes is in the form of record. It needs us to record detailed knowledge so that we can easily recall and absorb what we have learned through the note. It is equally vital to take notes in the form of abstract. It is mainly used to record some key points and difficulties, which can help us learn more deeply. Last but not least, the form of feelings is always ignored. But it can benefit us from summarizing the knowledge, improving our learning skills.‎ Of course, taking good notes is icing on the cake.‎ ‎ As far as I am concerned, timeliness and persistence is the necessary points. Only when we take notes in time can we not forget the knowledge points. Meanwhile, persistence is the only way to win.‎ In conclusion, how to take notes and how to take good notes need us to devote time and effort, which leads to learn better.‎ Best wishes! Yours，‎ ‎ Lu Ping Unit 3, 网络时代，人们常常不辨别真假就在社交媒体上疯狂点赞(give the thumbs-up)或转发(forward)，这种行为有实际意义吗？请就此现象谈谈你的看法，并结合生活中的实例加以说明。‎ In the age of the Internet, it is a common phenomenon that people are always giving the thumbs-up or forwarding without distinguishing right from wrong on social media. From my perspective, there is no point in doing so. The reasons are listed as follows. ‎ First of all, the action that we give the thumbs-up also displays our inner fear that we are to be out-dated. Hence we try to catch up with the trend to follow others behavior, giving the thumbs-up unconsciously, which I think is often meaningless. What, s more, because of the explosion of information, the amount of fake news soars, which means the news we see on the social media is likely to be false when we give the thumbs-up, we become the push power that makes the fake news spread and the action can result in serious consequences. For example, several years ago twenty-year-old actor named Mr Qiao quit his young life because of the netizens, false comments. It is people's unwise behavior that causes such a tragedy. If people can think twice before they give the thumbs-up or forward, I believe that fewer tragedies will happen.‎ In a word, I firmly hold the view that giving the thumbs-up or forward without consideration is meaningless. I hope one day the trend will be reversed, and it needs the work of both you and me.‎ Unit 4, 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王蕾。学校正在招募话剧团（ drama club）和机器人社团（ robot club）新成员。你在日记中表达获知该消息时的感受，做出选择，并阐述理由。‎ On hearing that our school is recruiting new members of drama club and robot club, I can’t wait to join one of them. After deliberate thought about the advantages and disadvantages of both these two clubs, I decided to attend the drama club.‎ On one hand, though, the robot club can show us the latest development of science and technology, I, as a girl, have little interest in science. On the other hand, I have a fancy for literature and have kept writhing plays since I was ten. The drama can provide a wonderful platform for me to show my talent. What’s more, as a shy girl afraid of speaking in public, I am meant to change myself. Without doubt, drama club has more chance to perform in front of the public, which is a great chance the practice myself and overcome my shyness. Furthermore, joining the drama club can expose me to different friends sharing the same hobby. ‎ ‎ I am looking forward to beginning my journey in drama club!‎ Unit 4,‎ ‎ 假设你们学校正在向学生征询选修课（optional course）‎ 的有关事宜。请你写信给校长，提出你希望开设的选修课的名称，并简明说说这门课应该涉及的主要内容以及开设这门选修课的意义。‎ Dear Headmaster,‎ I’m quite glad to be informed that you are gathering ideas on Optional Courses next term. Personally, a course called ‘English Appreciation’ will be a wise choice, which is certain to benefit us students a lot.‎ I have come up with activities to be done in this course. One is to read English classics recommended by both teachers and students and the other is to listen to some relaxing English songs. My reasons are listed as follows.‎ In the first place, it goes without saying that under an exam-oriented education system, seldom do we have opportunities to expose ourselves to a pure English environment, which, however, can be made up for in this course. Besides, it can be said for sure that not only can this course help stimulate our interest in English learning, but they also play a vital role in relieving our heavy burden, thus enabling us to be more willing to learn and to be more focused on our studies. Moreover, under no circumstance can we overlook the point that this course, without doubt, will help us a lot in improving our academic level, thus leading to a better performance in our studies.‎ For the reasons above, I sincerely hope that you will take my advice into serious consideration. Yours, Tina Unit 5, 中华中学为了进一步规范学校的社团建设，提高社团活动的品质，向广大师生征求意见。假设你是该校学生王敏，写一封电子邮件给负责社团的林老师，就你所了解的1-2个学校社团发表意见。你的邮件需包括：‎ ‎1, 你所了解的学校社团的现状（亮点和不足）及其原因；‎ ‎2, 提出你对改进学校社团建设的建议。注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。‎ Dear Mr. /Mrs. Lin,‎ Hearing the news that you are collecting suggestions for improving the school clubs, I'm now writing to offer some suggestions which might be of use.‎ I joined Calligraphy Club in my first year in high school, which helps me get close to the Chinese culture, and learn Chinese Characters. Personally, the English calligraphy should also be included. First and foremost, English is now an international langue and of great importance in our daily life. Moreover, many students are poor at English handwriting, resulting in losing points in English exam. Not only can English calligraphy help students improve their handwriting, but it can also offer us chances to be exposed to English culture.‎ Another club I joined when I was a sophomore is Life Care Club, offering us opportunities to take care of the disabled both physically and mentally on weekends. However, I would like to make recommendation that the elderly living alone should also be involved because they are more likely to feel lonely than those living with their family, which may lead to some serious problems.‎ I would appreciate it very much if you could take my advice into account.‎ Yours sincerely,‎ ‎ WangMin Unit 6,‎ ‎ 2018年11月5日—10日，首届中国国际进口博览会在上海成功举行。假设你是明启中学的高三学生卢平，学校英语报向全体高三学生进行征文，题目为“The CIIE in My Eyes”.你有意投稿，撰写一篇文章。稿件内容必须包括：‎ 对“新时代，共享未来（New Era, Shared Future)”的理解：‎ 首届进博会向全世界传递了什么信息？对中国发展有何深远的影响？‎ ‎（中国国际进口博览会：China International Import Expo 简称CIIE）‎ The CIIE in My Eyes From November 5 to 10, 2018, Shanghai held the first China International Import Expo, the theme of the Expo is a new era, share the future. To host the world's first major national exhibition with the theme of imports is to declare with practical action that China will create more and more opportunities for global development, and that the door to opening to the world will grow wider and wider.‎ The holding of the first World Expo shows China as a civilized country in the world. China welcomes people and cultures from all over the world. Import Expo is also an opportunity for Shanghai to build an international convention and exhibition capital, which will help to build the exhibition industry chain and service brand, accelerate the promotion of exhibition industry legislation, and form the city exhibition security model.‎ The successful hosting of the World Expo has promoted the development of world globalization, followed by the implementation of China's Belt and Road initiative. Finally, the successful holding of the World Expo optimizes the world trading environment.‎ About of all，China's first Import Expo will be left in the international economic history of a strong.‎ Unit 7, 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王蕾。学校正在招募话剧团（ drama club）和机器人社团（ robot club）新成员。你在日记中表达获知该消息时的感受，做出选择，并阐述理由。‎ Dear Dairy,‎ I can’t tell you how excited I am today about the news that two clubs in our school drama club and robot club are recruiting members. You know I am a huge fan of robots and artificial intelligence: I keep up with the latest development of robots, taking priding in every achievement our robot scientists have made and dreaming that one day I will come up with my own design of robot assistant.‎ While the drama club also holds an appeal for me. I would prefer to join the robot club. You know I have been fascinated by all kinds of robots, from the small simple ones which provide aid or fun in our daily life to the more complicated ones that benefit human beings in various fields. As a member of this club, I will have access to materials, sources and innovative ideas about making and manipulating robots, which will bring me closer to my “robot dream”. What’s even greater about joining this club is that I will meet a bunch of vigorous teenagers who are just as crazy about robots as I am. Our knowledge of robots and enthusiasm for developing them, once combined, will prove so powerful that we may make a difference.‎ Dear Diary, I’m afraid I have to put you down and start writing my application for the robot club. Wish me good luck!‎ Unit 8, 目前中国的移动支付(mobile ‎ payment)非常盛行，越来越多的年轻人选择使用移动支付，有的人认为移动支付给人们带来了便利，而有些人认为这种方式存在安全隐患。请你谈谈对这一现象的看法。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 简要描述你或你身边的人在日常生活中使用移动支付的现象。‎ ‎2. 通过与传统方式的比较，谈谈移动支付给人们带来的利与弊。‎ ‎（参考词汇：微信Wechat;支付宝: Alipay; 二维码QR code）‎ Mobile payment, such as Paypal, Alipay and QR code, is one of the most innovative services that enabled consumers to use their phones as wallets in various transactions. With the increasing popularity of mobile payment in China, there are more and more young people choosing to use mobile payment in their daily life. Take myself for example, I seldom go out with cash. Instead, I bring my cell phone. Wherever I go, whatever I purchase, I can choose to pay by scanning codes.‎ Some people believe that, compared with traditional payment methods, mobile payment brings us great convenience and helps us to purchase any articles without cash, at anytime and anywhere. Since no cash is needed in the future, we needn't worry about wallets being stolen any more. Nor do we need to be afraid of receiving fake money. However, others hold a different attitude towards mobile payment.  They think it will take more risks protecting your private possessions. For example, you might be monitored while paying for what you have bought so that your account could be stolen and your private information could be compromised, resulting in damage to your property. ‎ As far as I’m concerned, the mobile payment is under construction now. We should take a developing view about mobile payment. Despite the safety issues, it is obviously helpful to human beings as a high-tech product. The government should introduce relevant provisions to solve the safety problems to avoid its disadvantages. Then, it would be more popular in the years to come.‎ Unit 9， 很多高中生会利用课余时间进行知识拓展，现在有两种常见的授课方式可供选择：网络授课(online teaching) 和传统面授(face-to-face teaching)，你更倾向于那种授课形式呢? 请说说你的理由。‎ Nowadays, most students would prefer to consolidate and develop their knowledge during their spare time by enrolling at some after-school tutoring class. When it comes to selecting the teaching methods, students can have access to online teaching and face-to-face teaching. As far as I’m concerned, I would choose the former. ‎ There are three main reasons accounting for my choice. First and foremost, only by taking online teaching course can I learn it at my convenience. Apparently, in contrast with taking face-to-face teaching course, I can save a substantial amount of time on the way back and forth. In addition, taking online teaching course, not only can I stay in my study comfortably but I can be free of unfamiliar environment as well. Last but not least, there is no denying the fact that after downloading the online course, I have free access to watching it repeatedly at any time if necessary, which will contribute to my deep and comprehensive understanding of the course.‎ From what I’ve mentioned above, I am firmly convinced that I would make full use of the innovation brought about by the Internet and online teaching course would definitely be a good fit for me. (198 words)‎ Unit 10，请简要描述图片，并结合生活实际谈谈你的看法。‎ Much ink has been spilled about the process of achieving success. How much effort should we make before we eventually embrace the angle of success?‎ Many people form an ideal picture of it, imaging a smooth and direct process. Unfortunately, the reality is quite the opposite. We go ahead, turn around, come back, encounter a corner and continue to do ahead, losing the direction and our mind during the life journey, and then tasting the happiness at the very end. It does provide us some food for thought.‎ I remember that I endeavored to make a good speech and did it accompanied with countless previous failures. It enlightened me that despite that the road is tough, my determinate wills and unremitting efforts, I’ll be bound to make a success. Moreover, I bear in mind that nothing goes smoothly, with so many obstacles on the way that we ought not to hesitate to get down to challenging things.‎ In a nutshell, we can consider the process of achieving success as a extraordinary adventure. Though sometimes the rain pours, the lighting strikes, we should struggle to wait for the sun. I will run on during the journey.‎ Unit 11，尚华中学将举办英语周活动,学校正在向全体学生征集活动方案,题目是“My Favourite Programme”。假设你是尚华中学高三学生王云,请撰写一篇文章提出你的建议。内容如下: 推荐节目名称并简单介绍节目内容，‎ 具体介绍一下推荐节目的实施办法或注意事项。‎ Dear sir,‎ I am Wang Yun from Senior Three. I am very glad to know that our school will make a new round of English activity and are collecting programmes facing the senior high school students. As a student, I really want to recommend my favorite programme, an English speech competition. Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English. While we fully prepare for the English speech competition, we can improve our abilities of listening and speaking and develop a good habit of reading English. ‎ In the process of the competition, we should pay special attention to the following rules. First,we should finish every speech in five minutes each time. Second, we try our best to express ourselves in English fluently according to a specific topic. Finally, we should have a good English pronunciation All in all, I hope that the English speech competition will be accepted!‎ Thank you ‎ Wang Yun