2020版高考英语 Unit 1 Festivals around the world（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）3 8页

Unit 1‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1．________when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again. ‎ 答案：Only　句意：只有在他为自己的无礼道歉时我才会再理他。“only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句部分倒装。‎ ‎2．It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. ‎ 答案：that　句意：直到阅读了这些文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到摆在他面前的任务是极难完成的。It is/was ... that ...是强调句型。还原为普通句式为：Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers.‎ ‎3．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan. ‎ 答案：that　句意：直到在书信快结束的时候她才提到她自己的计划。本题考查not ... until ...的强调句形式，即It is/was not until ... that ...。‎ ‎4．It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued. ‎ 答案：that　句意：正是在当地导游的帮助下这个登山者才被营救了。被强调部分为with the help of the local guide，将本句还原为普通句式为With the help of the local guide, the mountain climber was rescued.判断强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉后剩余的部分仍是一个完整的句子。‎ ‎5．It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. ‎ 答案：that　句意：直到来到这里我才意识到这里之所以出名不仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的天气。强调句结构为It was not until ... that ... “直到……才……”。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 1、 take place __________‎ 2、 beauty n. __________‎ 3、 harvest n. & vt. & vi. __________‎ 4、 celebration n. __________ ‎ 5、 hunter n. __________‎ 6、 starve vi. & vt. __________‎ 7、 origin n. __________‎ 8、 religious adj__________‎ 8‎ 1、 ‎△seasonal adj. __________‎ 2、 ancestor n. __________‎ 3、 Obon n. __________‎ 4、 grave n. __________‎ 5、 incense n. __________‎ 6、 in memory of __________‎ 7、 Mexico‎ n. __________‎ 8、 feast n. __________‎ 9、 ‎△skull n. __________‎ 10、 bone n. __________‎ 11、 ‎△Halloween n. __________‎ 12、 belief n. __________‎ 13、 dress up __________‎ 14、 trick n. vt. __________‎ 15、 play a trick on __________‎ 16、 poet n. __________‎ 17、 ‎△Columbus Day __________‎ 18、 arrival n. 到来； __________‎ 19、 Christopher Columbus__________ ‎ 20、 gain vt__________ ‎ 21、 independence n. __________‎ 22、 independent adj. __________‎ 23、 gather vt. & vi.&n__________. ‎ 24、 agriculture n. __________ ‎ 25、 agricultural adj. __________‎ 26、 award n. vt. __________ ‎ 27、 ‎△produce n. __________‎ 28、 rooster n. __________‎ 29、 admire vt. __________‎ 30、 energeticadj. __________‎ 31、 look forward to __________‎ 32、 ‎△carnival n. __________‎ 33、 ‎△lunar adj. __________‎ 34、 Easter n. __________‎ 35、 ‎△parade n. __________‎ 36、 day and night __________‎ 37、 clothing n. __________‎ 38、 Christian n. adj. __________‎ 39、 Jesus n. __________‎ 40、 cherry n. __________‎ 41、 blossom n. vt. __________‎ 42、 as though __________‎ 43、 have fun with __________‎ 44、 custom __________‎ 8‎ 1、 worldwide adj. __________‎ 2、 ‎△ rosebud n. __________‎ 3、 fool n. vt.； adj. __________‎ 4、 necessity n. __________‎ 5、 permission n. __________‎ 6、 prediction n. __________‎ 7、 fashion n. __________‎ 8、 Trinidad‎ n. __________‎ 9、 Carla n. __________‎ 10、 Hari n. __________‎ 11、 parking n. __________‎ 12、 parking lot __________‎ 13、 ‎△Valentine’s Day； __________‎ 14、 turn up __________‎ 15、 keep one’s word __________‎ 16、 hold one’s breath __________‎ 17、 apologize vi. __________‎ 18、 drown vt. & vi. __________‎ 19、 sadness n. __________‎ 20、 obvious adj. __________‎ 21、 wipe vt. __________‎ 22、 weave vt. & vi. (wove, woven) __________ ‎ 23、 herd n. __________‎ 24、 the Milky Way __________‎ 25、 magpie n. __________‎ 26、 weep vi. (wept, wept) n. __________ ‎ 27、 ‎△announcer n. __________‎ 28、 set off __________‎ 29、 remind vt. __________‎ 30、 remind … of …__________‎ ‎83、 forgive vt. (forgave, forgiven) __________‎ 二、阅读理解 A Life satisfaction is the way persons evaluate their lives and how they feel about their directions and options for the future. It's a measure of well-being and may be evaluated in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals and self-concepts to cope with daily life. It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole rather than just an evaluation of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economy, education, experiences, and residence, as well as many other topics.‎ Life satisfaction can reflect experiences that have influenced a person in, a 8‎ ‎ positive way. These experiences have the ability to motivate people to pursue and reach their goals. As a matter of fact, in these experiences there are two kinds of emotions that may positively influence how people understand their life. Hope and optimism both consist of emotional processes that are usually directed towards the reaching of goals. People who have higher life satisfaction are always full of hope for a better future; additionally, optimism is linked to higher life satisfaction, while pessimism is related to symptoms in depression.‎ The psychologist, Yuval Palgi, studied the old-old-people who were primarily in their nineties. This subject group was found to have thought highly of their past and present, but they thought lower of their future. A large factor that was talked about in life satisfaction was intelligence. The experiments talk of how life satisfaction grows as people become older because they become wiser and more knowledgeable, so they begin to see that life will be better as they grow older and understand the important things in life more. But when they step into their nineties, future becomes a luxury to them.‎ According to Seligman, the happier people are, the less they are focused on the negative. Happier people also have a greater tendency to like other people, which promotes a happier environment, which then correlates to a higher level of the persons' satisfaction with their life.‎ ‎1.What can we learn about life satisfaction from Paragraph 1?‎ A. It can be easily measured through income and education.‎ B. It includes a positive attitude towards people's entire life.‎ C. It merely determines people's attitude towards the future.‎ D. It has nothing to do with the evaluation of current feelings.‎ ‎2.What emotions have a positive effect on life satisfaction?‎ A. Motivation and dream. ‎ B. Hope and depression.‎ C. Optimism and pessimism.‎ D. Hope and optimism.‎ ‎3.What was the attitude of most old-old towards their future?‎ 8‎ A. They were less hopeful about it. ‎ B. They thought highly of it.‎ C. They felt satisfied with it. ‎ D. They were scared of it.‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Old People Have Much More Life Satisfaction B. Life Satisfaction—the Key to a Happier Life C. Optimism Ensures Life Satisfaction D. Emotions Affect Life Satisfaction ‎【文章大意】本文为议论文。讲述的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话中的“It's having a favorable attitude towards one's life as a whole…”可知生活满足感包括对人们整个生活的积极肯定的态度，故选B。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话中的“…but they thought lower of their future.” 可知大多数old-old对他们的未来不太乐观，故选A。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键，故选B。‎ B Our success，satisfaction and general happiness in life is not dependent on what happens to us but how we deal with it. ‎ You will probably know from personal experience what a difference your attitude can make when，for example，you’re returning faulty goods or making a complaint. An open, polite and friendly approach，expecting a satisfactory result，normally results in one as people tend to respond with a similar attitude. If，however，you present an argument with an angry，accusing tone，expecting trouble，there is little doubt that this is what you’ll get!‎ Some people see the world through a filter of optimism and some through a filter 8‎ ‎ of pessimism(悲观) which largely comes down to having a positive or negative(消极的) attitude. People who are suffering from a negative attitude primarily think that something can’t be done；they talk about problems, see all the difficulties，find fault with and criticize other people and focus on all the things they would like but haven’t got.On the contrary，people blessed with a positive attitude think that anything is possible.They look for ways to solve the problems, they see the good in everybody，and they are grateful for all the good things in their lives.‎ Whether suffering from or blessed with your attitude，this is not something that is put on us from the outside.We are very much responsible for our own attitude.We all start out with a “clean” board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.As children we are made fun of and even get bullied(欺侮) and rejected，start to experience doubt and lose our selfconfidence.If this continues into adulthood，it can result in a bad attitude in later life.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文展现了积极的人生态度的重要性。‎ ‎1．It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that people are likely to treat others ．‎ A．the way they are treated B．better when they are satisfied C．worse when they are in trouble D．the way they consider appropriate A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“as people tend to respond with a similar attitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你。‎ ‎2．According to the writer，what affects people’s life attitude?‎ A．The situation they face.‎ B．The people around them.‎ C．Their expectations of life.‎ D．The way they view the world.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段中的“We are very...We all start out with a‘clean’ board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.”可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们对事物的态度，‎ 8‎ 人们的人生经历对人生态度又有影响，故选D。‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?‎ A．To show how to avoid a negative attitude.‎ B．To show the importance of a positive attitude.‎ C．To share his positive attitude with his readers.‎ D．To describe the effects of a negative attitude.‎ B　解析：写作意图题。根据第一段并结合全文的内容可推知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性。‎ 三、七选五 Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 　 1 　Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 　 2 　For example, the first letters of ＂My elephant eats too many eels＂ spell out the hidden message ＂Meet me.＂‎ ‎　 3 　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message ＂Meet me＂ would read ＂13 5 5 20 13 5.＂‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 　 4 　For example, ＂bridge＂ might stand for ＂meet＂ and ＂out＂ might stand for ‎ ‎＂me.＂ The message ＂Bridge out＂ would actually mean ＂Meet me.＂ 　 5 　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ 8‎ C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置和破解的方法。比如利用该字母在字母表中排序的数字来代表该字母，或者利用一些单词的首字母来组成一个密码等。‎ ‎1.D 【解题思路】根据后面一句＂Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making＂可知，此空该选D(只要有密码的存在，人们就会试图去破解它们)。‎ ‎2.E 【解题思路】根据后一句的＂For example, the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’＂可知，此空该选E(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。‎ ‎ 3.G 【解题思路】上一段介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空后的内容可知，空处选G(另外一种隐藏信息的方式是用符号来代表字母表中的特定字母)。‎ ‎4.F 【解题思路】由前一句的＂a code book＂和空后的＂’bridge’might stand for...’me.’＂可知，此空该选F(有了密码书，你就可以写下代表其他单词的单词)。 ‎ ‎5.A 【解题思路】本段介绍的是密码书，根据空后的转折可知，此处该选A(没有密码书是很难破解密码的)。‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎