2020版高考英语 Unit 3 Travel journal（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）新人教版必修1 8页

Unit 3‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1．The movie Pompeii came out this February, ________ many people think brings a touching love story to the audience. ‎ 答案：which　句意为：电影《庞贝末日》在今年二月上映，许多人认为它为观众带来了一个令人感动的爱情故事。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the movie Pompeii，many people think为插入语，引导词在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎2．(2015·山东日照一模)Anyone ________ upgrades their professional knowledge to a new level can apply for these courses. ‎ 答案：who　句意为：任何将专业知识更新到一个新水平的人都可以申请这些课程。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone，且在定语从句中作主语，一般不用that，故用who引导。‎ ‎3．(2015·安徽蚌埠第一次质检改编)Then he waved his hand in the direction from ________ the woman had called. ‎ 答案：which　句意为：接着他向传来喊叫声的那位女士的方向挥手。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词direction，且在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填which。‎ ‎4．(2015·广东肇庆二模)Will you think of those individuals________ have helped you get through difficulty when you are leading a comfortable life？ ‎ 答案：who/that　句意为：在你生活舒适时你会想起那些帮你度过艰难时光的人吗？该定语从句缺少主语，先行词为指人的individuals，故填who或that。‎ ‎5．(2015·辽宁朝阳三校联考)On an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm ________ we learnt to plant potatoes. ‎ 答案：where　句意为：在一个秋天的下午，我们被送到一个农场，在那里我们学习了种植土豆。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 ‎132、journal n. __________‎ ‎133、transport n. __________‎ ‎134、prefer vt. __________‎ ‎135、disadvantage n. __________‎ ‎136、fare n. __________‎ 8‎ ‎137、△route n. __________‎ ‎139、flow vi. n. __________‎ ‎140、ever since __________‎ ‎141、persuade vt. __________‎ ‎142、cycle vi. __________‎ ‎143、graduate vi. n. __________‎ ‎144、finally adv. __________‎ ‎145、schedule n. vt. __________‎ ‎146、fond adj. __________‎ ‎147、be fond of __________‎ ‎148、shortcoming n. __________‎ ‎149、stubborn adj. __________‎ ‎150、organize vt. __________‎ ‎151、care about __________‎ ‎152、△detail n. __________‎ ‎153、△source n. __________‎ ‎154、determine vt. __________‎ ‎155、determined adj. __________‎ ‎156、change one’s mind __________‎ ‎157、journey n. __________‎ ‎158、altitude n. __________‎ ‎159、make up one’s mind __________‎ ‎160、give in __________‎ ‎161、△atlas n. __________‎ ‎162、△glacier n. __________‎ ‎163、△Tibetan adj. n.；__________‎ ‎164、△rapids n. __________ ‎ ‎165、valley n __________‎ ‎166、△waterfall n. __________‎ ‎167、pace vi. n. __________‎ ‎168、bend n. vt. (bent, bent) vi. __________ ‎ ‎169、△meander n. __________‎ ‎170、△delta n. __________‎ ‎171、attitude n. __________‎ ‎173、boil vi. __________‎ ‎174、forecast n. & vt. __________‎ ‎175、parcel n. __________‎ 8‎ ‎176、insurance n. __________‎ ‎177、wool n. __________‎ ‎178、as usual __________‎ ‎179、reliable adj. __________‎ ‎180、view n. vt. __________‎ ‎182、pillow n. __________‎ ‎183、midnight n. __________‎ at midnight __________‎ ‎184、flame n. __________‎ ‎185、beneath prep. __________‎ ‎186、△Laos n. __________‎ ‎187、△Laotian n. adj. __________‎ ‎188、temple n. __________ ‎ ‎189、cave n. __________‎ 二、阅读理解 A Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.‎ Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University‎ of ‎Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of their child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”‎ The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.‎ 8‎ ‎“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.‎ ‎“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University‎ of ‎Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.‎ ‎1.What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Kids’ social behaviors are related to crime.‎ B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.‎ D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.‎ ‎2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?‎ A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.‎ B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.‎ D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.‎ ‎3.What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors.‎ B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.‎ C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active interactions with kids.‎ D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.‎ ‎4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing?‎ A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last.‎ 8‎ B. To make sure if praise will change kids.‎ C. To determine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited.‎ D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler  years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。‎ ‎4.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。‎ B According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.‎ ‎“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.‎ The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.‎ 8‎ One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.‎ Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.”‎ In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey’s(猎物) position.‎ Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。‎ ‎1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?‎ A．Pace of life of animals.‎ B．Time perception of animals.‎ C．Lifetime of small animals.‎ D．Impressive abilities of animals.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．What does Kevin Healy’s comment mean in Para. 2?‎ A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.‎ 8‎ B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.‎ C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.‎ D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的话可知，Kevin Healy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit?‎ A．They can think very deeply before they act.‎ B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.‎ C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it.‎ D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?‎ A．Try to run as fast as it can.‎ B．Prevent itself from becoming blind.‎ C．Slow down to gain its time perception.‎ D．Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。‎ 三、短文改错 Living without an aim is like sailing without compass.If there is no aim in our lives，we will get lose. Last term，I couldn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examination.I decided to give it up，so I skipped from classes frequently.Considered my case，my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.Finally，I work harder than ever and made great progress in her math.In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals.However，we should remember to make our targets clearly and spare no effort to realize our dreams.‎ 8‎ ‎【答案】　‎ Living without an aim is like sailing without compass.If there is no aim in our lives，we will get . Last term，I couldn't accept the truth I failed in my math examination.I decided to give it up，so I skipped classes frequently. my case，my teacher offered me several detailed and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.Finally，I harder than ever and made great progress in math.In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals. ，we should remember to make our targets and spare no effort to realize our dreams.‎ 第一处：compass前加a。考查冠词。compass为可数名词，表示泛指，要用不定冠词。‎ 第二处：lose→lost。考查形容词。此处的get为系动词，故其后应用形容词。‎ 第三处：which→that。考查名词性从句。名词truth后为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that。‎ 第四处：删除from。考查介词。skip classes意为“逃课”，故from多余。‎ 第五处：Considered→Considering。考查介词。此处应用介词considering在句中作状语。‎ 第六处：approach→approaches。考查名词。approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。‎ 第七处：work→worked。考查动词时态。根据语境可知，work的动作发生在过去，故应该使用一般过去时。‎ 第八处：her→my。考查代词。此处表示“我的数学有了很大进步”，故代词应用my。‎ 第九处：However→Therefore。考查副词。根据语境可知， 此处为因果关系；后面有逗号隔开，故应用Therefore。‎ 第十处：clearly→clear。考查形容词。此处应用形容词作make的宾语补足语，用于补充说明名词targets。‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎