非谓语动词高考考点全解 15页

‎ ‎ 非谓语动词高考考点全解 非谓语动词是高考中的重要考点，仅在单项填空题中，少则一道，多则三四道，因此，们在高考备考中必须给予高度重视。那么，在高考中究竟考非谓语动词的哪些方面，怎么考？归纳起不外乎以下几个方面。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、考查非谓语动词的时态和语态 ‎  不定式、现在分词或动名词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，就用完成式，否则，用一般式。当不定式、现在分词或动名词与其逻辑主语若是主动关系，就用主动式，否则，用被动式。如：‎ ‎(1) All these gifts must be mailed immediately____________in time for Christmas.‎ A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D.so as to be receiving 答案是C。因为句子主语 All these gifts与不定式receive 是被动关系，只有选项C是被动式。‎ ‎（2）He glanced over at her , ___________that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.‎ ‎ A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 分析 因为he 与note 是主谓关系，note并非发生在谓语动词glanced之前，用现在分词的一般式作状语，故选A。‎ ‎（3）__________ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.‎ A. Being separated B. Having separated C.Having been separated D. To be separated 分析 答案是C。因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ‎ 如：（1）While watching television ,____________.‎ A．the doorbell rang ‎ B.the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 分析 因watching的逻辑主语一定是句子的主语一定是句子的主语，能作其逻辑主语的只有选项C和D中的we；又因在hear后作宾补的应是省略to 的不定式，故选C。‎ ‎（2）In order to make our city green, ____________.‎ A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees ‎ D. we must plant more trees 答案是D。作目的状语的不定式的逻辑主语应为句子的主语，选项中的主语能作不定式的逻辑主语的只有we 。‎ ‎ ‎ 三、考查非谓语动词的否定式 ‎ ‎ 非谓语动词的否定式通常是在非谓语动词之前not、never。当前面有逻辑主语时，要放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如：‎ ‎（1）Victor apologized for _____________ to inform me of the change in the plan. ‎ A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 分析 在介词for后作宾语用动名词，排除B和D；非谓语动词的否定式是将not放在非谓语动词之前，排除A；只有选项C正确，题中not放在动名词being之前，逻辑主语his之后。‎ ‎（2）_____________ the programme ,they have to stay there for another two weeks.‎ ‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 答案是C。非谓语动词的否定式，要将not等放在非谓语动词的前面，排除D；they与complete是主动关系，用现在分词，排除B；“还没有完成”，发生在“决定”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式，排除A。‎ ‎（3）The teacher asked us___________ so much noise.‎ ‎ A. don，t make B.not make C.not making D. not to make 答案是D。即ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事。‎ ‎ ‎ 四、考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 ‎ ‎ 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词。如：‎ ‎(1) It，s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; ____________the answers ready will be of great help.‎ ‎ A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 答案是D。动名词短语作主语，表示一般的情况。‎ ‎（2）____________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.‎ ‎ A. The walk B. Walking C.To walk D. Walk ‎ 分析 因a good form暗示泛指一般性行为，用动名词作主语，故选B。‎ 注：①‎ 有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平等结构中要用同一种形式。如：‎ ‎（3）Fishing is his favorite hobby, and____________ .‎ A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins,too C.to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 分析 and连接两个并列句，前一分句用动名词作主语，与之并列的后一分句也应用动名词作主语，故选D。‎ ‎②在seem ,appear,prove(结果是、后来表明),remain(尚须)， grow(达到……程度)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语，但不用-ing 形式作表语。如：‎ ‎（4）I think you’ll grow ___________him when you know him better. ‎ A.liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking 分析 在表示“达到喜欢的程度”的 grow后用不定式作表语，排除A；like作“喜欢”讲是动词，前面不用be，排除B；like 一般没有进行式，排除D，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ 五、考查不定式和动名词作宾语 ‎ ‎ ‎1．有的动词或短语动词后只能用不定式而不能连接动名词作宾语 如ask/demand（要求），plan/intend/mean(计划)，manage,do/try one’s best, make an attempt(努力), learn(学习)，wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,would like,should like,would ‎ prefer(希望、愿意)，agree,promise(同意)，decide,determine,choose,make a decision,make up one’s mind（决定）,offer（主动提出），apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备),pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford( 负担得起)等。‎ 如：‎ I don’t want____________ I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. ‎ A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 分析 表示“想做某事”want 后只能接不定式，排除C。sound like中sound是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除B；发生在want后，sound不用完成式，排除D。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式作宾语 如allow,permit(允许),consider(考虑)，suggest,advice(建议)， keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish (完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate,enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive,pardon,excuse(原谅),dislike(厌恶),discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)， can’t stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然开始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(坚持)，delay,put off (推迟)， give up(放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth(值得)等。‎ 如：‎ I really can’t understand ____________ her like that.‎ ‎ A. you treat B.you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 分析 因understand 后可接动名词但不接不定式，故选D，you是treating的逻辑主语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．接不定式和接动名词意义不同的8个动词和短语 remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing（记得做过）；‎ forget to do (忘记去做)），forget doing(忘记做过)；‎ regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；‎ try to do (设法做)，try doing(试做)；‎ go on to do (接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；‎ mean to do (打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；‎ stop to do (停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做); ‎ can’t help to do(不能帮助做),can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。‎ 如：‎ When asked by the police,he said that he remembered____________at the party,but not____________.‎ A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving ; leaving D. arriving; to leave 分析 由语境可知，题中的remembered 表示“记得（曾经做过某事）”，后接动名词；又因but not 是与之并列的，都作remember的宾语，所以都用动名词，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算的动词和短语 如plan ,intend ,mean,want ,hope, wish ,expect 等动词的过去完成时，加不定式的一般式，或者这类动词的一般过去时，加不定式的完成式；was/were,would/should like 加不定式的完成式； was going加不定式的一般式。‎ 如：‎ I would love____________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.‎ ‎ A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 分析 由句意可知，是表示过去未曾实现的愿望，用“would love+不定式完成式”，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．要接动名词的含有介词的固定句型 如prevent /stop/keep sb ./sth. from doing(阻止……做……)；‎ spend/waste time or money in doing(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做……方面有些困难)；‎ have a hard time in doing sth.（做某事很艰难）；‎ there is no sense in doing(做……是没有理由/道理的)；‎ How /What about doing sth.(做……怎么样？)；‎ thank (excuse/admire/blame/scold/punish)sb. for doing sth.(因做某事而感谢/羡慕/表扬/责备某人)等。如：‎ According to a recent U.S. survey children spend up to 25 hours a week _____________TV.‎ ‎ A．to watch B. to watching C.watching D. watch 分析 spend some time(in)doing sth.( 做某事花了多长时间)是固定句型，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6．to 是介词的固定结构 这类词组很多，常见的有：look forward to (盼望)，devote…to /be devoted to (致力于),be/get used to (习惯),lead to (导致)，get down to (开始认真)，pay attention to（注意），refer to(谈到),point to(指向)，turn to (转向)，object to(反对)，equal to(等于、能胜任),belong to(属于)等。‎ 如：‎ Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to____________ some schools for poor children.‎ ‎ A. set up B.setting up C. have set up D.having set up 分析 因devote……中to是介词，接动名词；all 是devote的宾语，he had是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句；“建校”是谓语“下决心捐款”之后，不用完成式，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7．but和except后可接不定式 介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除……外”的介词but和except等后面有时可接不定式，当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；否则，要带to。‎ 如：‎ Sandy could do nothing but___________to his teacher that he was wrong.(2001上海春)‎ A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit ‎ 分析 前面有行为动词do时不带to，故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8．表示“需要”的need,want 和require等后的动词形式 这时，其主语一般是事物，后的动词形式可以是不定式的被动形式，也可以是动名词的主动式。如：‎ There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars___________ road conditions need___________. ‎ A that ; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 分析 “公路状况需要改善”，need后接improving或to be improved都可以。后面的从句应是problem的同位语，应用that引导，故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ 六、考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作补语 ‎ ‎ 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式（未来或全过程）或现在分词（正在进行或持续进行）；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词。如：‎ ‎(1)My advisor encouraged__________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.‎ ‎ A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 分析 因me与take是主动关系，且take发生在谓语动词encouraged之后，要用不定式作宾补，即encourage sb.to do sth.故选D。‎ ‎（2）Paul doesn’t have to be made___________ . He always works hard.‎ ‎ A. learn B.to learn c. learned D.learning ‎ 分析 在使役动词make ,let ,have 后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主补的不定式要加to，故选B。‎ ‎（3）He looked around and caught a man___________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.‎ ‎ A. put B. to be putting C. to put D.putting 分析 因a man与put是主动关系，且看到时正在发生，用现在分词作宾补，故选D。‎ ‎（4）Don’t leave the water_____________ while you brush your teeth.‎ ‎ A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 分析 the water与run是主动关系，又表示持续进行，用现在分词作宾补，故选B。‎ ‎（5）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see___________ the next year.‎ ‎ A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D.to carry out 分析 句中that引导一个定语从句，它代表the plan并在从句中作see的宾语，宾语that（the plan）与宾补carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补，即…see the plan carried out,故选A。‎ ‎（6）You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it__________ often enough.‎ ‎ A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 分析 宾语it（the rule）与explain是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，have sth.done请人做某事。故选D。‎ ‎（7）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found___________in the kitchen.‎ ‎ A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ‎ 分析 find,keep等后可用现在分词（主动）或过去分词（被动）作补语，一般不能用to do 作补语；he 与smoke是主动的，用现在分词作主语补足语。故选B。‎ ‎（8）Charles Babage is generally considerd___________ the first computer.‎ A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented 分析 think ,consider,believe等后接to have done作补语，表示“认为……做了……”，故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ 七、考查不定式、现在分词或过去分词作状语 ‎ ‎ ‎1．在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等时，通常要用分词，不用不定式 句子主语与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。注意：现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。如：‎ ‎（1）Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ‎ ‎___________fun.‎ ‎ A. had B. have C. to have D. having 分析 作伴随状语不能用不定式，we与have fun是主动关系，要用现在分词，故选D。‎ ‎（2）____________ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.‎ ‎ A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 分析 表示时间不能用不定式，而要用同在分词，故选C。Having waited等于 After he had waited…‎ 注：表示时间、条件或让步等的分词，有时还可带上连词。如：‎ When ___________help ,one often says,“Thank you.”Or “It’s kind of you.”‎ ‎ A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 分析 某人说“谢谢”，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，故选D。When offered help…=When he is offered help…‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．不定式和分词表示原因的区别 表示原因时，分词短语常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗号隔开；不定式短语却只能放在句末，但不用逗号，且多用表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词之后。如：‎ ‎(1)I’m surprised to see you here.‎ ‎(2)___________ in a white uniform ,he looks more like a cook than a doctor.‎ ‎ A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 分析 he与dress是被动关系，要用过去分词作原因状语，Dressed in…=As he is dressed in…‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．不定式和现在分词表示结果的区别 不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only; 另外，还用于too…to, enough to, never to , so/such…as to 等固定结构中。 现在分词表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。如：‎ ‎（1）He hurried to the station only___________ that the train had left.‎ ‎ A．to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 分析 only后接不定式，表示“结果却，不料”，hurried和find是先后发生的两个动作，故选A。‎ ‎(2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ___________ a record US＄‎57.65 a barrel on April 4.‎ ‎ A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 分析 伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语只能用不定式 如：‎ ‎(1) ___________ more about university courses,call(05920)746-3789.‎ ‎ A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. having found out 分析 作目的状语要用动词不定式，故选A。‎ ‎(2)You were silly not ____________ your car.‎ ‎ A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 分析 在形容词（silly）后作状语，用不定式；“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前，用完成式，故选B。‎ ‎ ‎