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第一集 语法填空核心考点考点突破
——冠词 ——与名词共生共存
【考向聚焦】
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知,冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有:冠词的基本用法;在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法;冠词的特殊用法;冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1
用适当的冠词填空
1.(2013•福建,21)
The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.
解析 考查冠词。根据句意,中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦,可知,两空都用不定冠词a。
答案 a;a
2.(2013•江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
解析 考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”;第二空man表“人类”,不用冠词。
答案 a;不填
3.(2013•山东,22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
解析 考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”,应用不定冠词a;第二空“
夜空”,指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。
答案 a;the
4.(2013•江西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
解析 考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the;第二空为固定短语,表示在多少世纪“in the-th century”,需加定冠词。
答案 the;the
5.(2013•浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
解析 考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”;at an early age意为“在年纪很小时”,故均填不定冠词。
答案 a;an
6.(2013•重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
解析 考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句,故应该特指;第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”,使用不定冠词。
答案 the;an
7.(2012•新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction.
解析 考查冠词的用法。句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画;后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指,不用冠词。
答案 the;不填
8.(2012•安徽)Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.
解析 考查冠词。句意:卡尔正在大学学习食品科学,他希望有一天能够开办一家自己的肉类加工厂。第一空,food science意为“食品科学”,为表示抽象概念的名词,其前不应用冠词。第二空,中心词为factory,为可数名词,根据句意可知此处表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。
答案 不填;a
9.(2011•山东)Take your time—it's just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant.
解析 考查冠词。句意:不用急,从这里到饭店只有一小段距离。a short distance表示“一小段距离”;由语境可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店,所以用定冠词the。
答案 a;the
10.(2011•浙江)Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.
解析 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“那幅最近发现的画”,是特指概念,用定冠词the;第二空表示“一幅毕加索的画”,故用不定冠词a。
答案 the;a
自查自纠表
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 得分
考点
正误
思考 我的盲点:
我将________。
对应学生用书P2
不定冠词的用法
【典例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.(2009•安徽)
解析 两个空都是不可数名词表示泛指,所以都用不定冠词。句意:如果我们不创造一个环境污染更少的世界,我们就永远不能期望拥有一片更蓝的天空。
答案 a;a
【典例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.(2011•全国)
解析 句意:人们普遍认为男孩子就该学会站起来像男人一样去奋斗。考查冠词。boy和man均为可数名词,都是泛指,故前面应该用不定冠词。
答案 a;a
【典例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.(2010•北京)
解析 第一空修饰限定chance用不定冠词,a second表示“又一次”,“再一次”。第二空修饰impression,泛指,所以用不定冠词。
答案 a;a
【典例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.(2012•山东)
解析 考查冠词。第一空,drink前应用不定冠词,表示“一杯饮料”;第二空,comfort前面加不定冠词,表示“一个给人安慰的物品”,所以两个空都要用不定冠词。
答案 a;a
1.I don't think the experiment is ________ failure.At least we have gained ________ experience for future.
解析 failure意为“失败的事”,表示抽象名词具体化,故第一个空填不定冠词a;experience意为“经验”,是不可数名词,故前面不填冠词。
答案 a;不填
2.Italy is ________ most attractive European country and how I wish I would go there for________ second time.
解析 考查冠词的用法。第一个空后的most不是构成最高级,而是“非常,很,十分”的意思,因此前面用不定冠词,a most attractive European country意为“一个非常迷人的欧洲国家”;第二个空表示“又一,再一”,所以序数词前应用不定冠词。
答案 a;a
3.I don't know who invented ________ telephone,but it's really ________ most wonderful invention.
解析 the telephone特指电话这类事物;a most wonderful invention意为“一项非常奇妙的发明”。
答案 the;a
4.George couldn't remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but he was sure it
was ________ Sunday because everybody was at ________ church.
解析 一个星期天表述为a Sunday,be at church意为“在做礼拜”,不用冠词。
答案 a;不填
不定冠词的用法
泛指单数和首提,某个/每个/又一个;
物质名词具体化,相同还是抽象词;
三餐四季有修饰,感叹句中有名单。
①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前;
②表示又一个,某一个(a second;a certain...)
③具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success,a surprise...)
④有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper,a warm winter)
⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词。(How lovely a girl!)
定冠词的用法
【典例5】 As is known to all,________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.(2011•陕西)
解析 句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。考查冠词。People's Republic of China“中华人民共和国”是由普通名词构成的专有名词,前面通常用定冠词;第二空后是形容词的最高级形式,故用定冠词。
答案 the;the
【典例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush-hour traffic and ________ heavy rain,it is no wonder you were late.
解析 由句意可知,traffic和rain均为特指,故应加定冠词。
答案 the;the
【典例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
解析 句意:我所需要的是一本含有油画基础知识的书。第一个空表泛指,应用不定冠词;第二个空后有of oil painting修饰,表特指,应用定冠词。
答案 a;the
【典例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale,which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9-story building.
解析 the blue whale特指“蓝鲸”这类动物;第二个空表泛指,a 9-story building意为“一座9层高的大楼”。
答案 the;a
5.Obama has been elected ________ first black President of the United States,and the international society expects to have ________ new USA under his leadership.
解析 第一个空表示顺序,所以序数词first前应填定冠词the,第二个空表示地点的专有名词USA前有形容词new修饰,故用不定冠词来限定。
答案 the;a
6.________ China's growth is not ________ threat to others.On ________ contrary,it will bring more opportunities to the world.
解析 句意:中国的发展不是对别的国家的一个威胁。相反,它会给世界带来更多的机遇。China(中国)属于专有名词,故与零冠词连用;threat(对别人构成威胁的人或物)为单数可数名词,表泛指,故第二空用不定冠词;on the contrary固定搭配,故用定冠词。on the contrary是固定短语,China
为专有名词,不与冠词连用。
答案 不填;a;the
7.Last Sunday,we took ________ guided walk around by ________ signs of the famous town.
解析 take a walk为习惯用法,故第一空用不定冠词;第二空特指那个著名城镇里的指示牌,故用定冠词。
答案 a;the
8.Eggs are sold by ________ dozen while the meat is charged by ________ weight.
解析 第一个空表示“by+the+计量单位名词”;第二个空为固定短语by weight意为“按重量”。句意:鸡蛋按打出售,而肉按重量出售。
答案 the;不填
定冠词的用法(口诀)
特指双熟悉,上文已提及;
世上独无二,序数最高级;
某些专有名,习语和乐器。
①特指某些人或事物;②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物;③上文已经提到的人或事物;④世界上独一无二的事物前;⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前;⑥某些专有名词前;⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如:play the piano)
零冠词的用法
【典例9】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.(2012•重庆)
解析 句意:山姆被任命为工程部经理,取代了乔治。表示头衔或职位的名词作补语和同位语时,前面不用冠词;take the place of是固定短语,意为“代替”,“取代”。
答案 不填;the
【典例10】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.(2009•江西)
解析 第一个空后的air pollution是不可数名词,而且是泛指,所以不需要填任何冠词;第二个空后的weather被around the world修饰,所以weather前需要加定冠词the。
答案 不填;the
【典例11】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
解析 考查冠词。句意:去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐,这是一个非常好的感觉。feeling作为感觉讲为可数名词。pleasure作为快乐、欢乐讲为不可数名词。
答案 a;不填
【典例12】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
解析 考查冠词。句意:许多生活方式对人类的健康有害,他们加速了人类身体的衰退。do harm to表示“对……有害”,中间无需冠词;the weakening of the human body特指人体的衰弱。
答案 不填;the
9.Dr.Peter Spence,________ headmaster of the school,told us,“________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
解析 句意:这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生都继续到牛津或者剑桥学习。”考查冠词。第一空后的名词headmaster是职务的称呼,其前不加冠词;第二空是分数的表达,用a/one fifth表示“五分之一”。
答案 不填;A
10.The bus to the Forbidden City runs on ________ hour by ________ hour.
解析 句意:去紫禁城的公交车按小时整点发车。on the hour“整点”,by the hour“按小时计算”。
答案 the;the
11.The development of industry has been ________ gradual process throughout ________ human existence,from stone tools to modern technology.
答案 a;不填
12.The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.
答案 不填;the
不用冠词的情况口诀
下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前:
专有名词表泛指,学科球类三餐前;
复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况,即:
①名词前已有作定语的this,that,some,my等限定词;
②泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前;
③表示学科的(如English,maths,physics)等名词前;
④球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前;
⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时;
⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前;
⑦表示颜色(如:It's red/yellow)、语种(如:speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如:We live in China.They come from America.)前;
⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前;
⑨某些习惯短语中(如:in bed,go to school等)。
对应学生用书P4
用适当的冠词填空
1.(2013•郑州一模)________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.
解析 句意:钱在物质世界中扮演着重要的角色,但是你不能期望它给你带来真正的快乐。第一空表泛指,不用冠词;第二个空表特指,用定冠词,the material world表示“物质世界”。
答案 不填;the
2.(2013•西城一模)My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store,or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
解析 go to the store意为“去商店”,为固定短语,故第一空用the;“给他买一份礼物”,为泛指意义,因此第二空使用不定冠词。
答案 the;a
3.(2013•聊城一模)—How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade,but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet,you know.
解析 第一空okay前面应用an表示“一个相当好的分数”;第二空表示“她是老师的宠儿”,表示泛指,故用a。
答案 an;a
4.(2013•邯郸一模)It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
解析 句意:据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia”是后置定语,所以前一个空格用the表示特指;后一个空格处是“be of+抽象名词”结构,名词前不用冠词。
答案 the;不填
5.(2013•济宁一模)—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
解析 根据句意可知,“________ younger one”特指双胞胎中较小的那一个,故第一空用定冠词the;“________ most humorous man”泛指一个非常幽默的人,故第二空用不定冠词a,most在此为副词,意为“很,非常”。
答案 The;a
6.(2013•合肥一中二模)I don't know who invented ________ iphone,but I think it is ________ useful invention.
解析 句意:我不知道是谁发明了iphone,但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。前一空是类指,用定冠词;后一个空格是泛指,表示“一个,一种”。
答案 the;
a
7.(2013•南阳两校联考)Keeping a diary is ________ good habit,by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
解析 句意:写日记是一种好习惯,通过它你将在写作上取得很大进步。第一空habit是可数名词,根据句意可知此处表示泛指“一种好习惯”,应用不定冠词。第二空progress为不可数名词,前面不用冠词,make progress意为“取得进步”。
答案 a;不填
8.(2013•咸阳二模)—Have you seen ________ pen?I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one?I found it in the corner.
解析 第一次提到某物用不定冠词,所以第一空填a;根据I found it in the corner这一信息,它表明说话者是拿着笔在与对方说话,故表特指,所以第二空填the。
答案 a;the
9.(2013•昆明二模)The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
解析 句意:这次手术是成功的并且现在病人已脱离了危险。第一空属抽象名词具体化,第二空为固定搭配。
答案 a;不填
10.(2013•西安一中月考)As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment,it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
解析 unemployment和work均为不可数名词,表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。
答案 不填;不填
11.(2013•无锡一模)The education of ________ young is always ________ hot and serious topic.
解析 the young意为“年轻人”,定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物;第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic,此处表泛指。
答案 the;a
12.(2013•泰安一中月考)—John has put forward ________ most challenging question for us to answer.
—Yes,it really is.I have never heard ________ harder one.
解析 第一空most是副词表示“很,十分”;第二空填a表示泛指,该句为I have never heard a harder one than this one的省略。
答案 a;a
13.(2013•泰州二模)In the market,vegetables are sold by ________ kilogram,I mean,by ________ weight.
解析 介词by表示“以……计”时,若后接单数可数名词,其前要用定冠词。如:by the week,按周;by the ton按吨,by the meter按米;若后接抽象名词时,则通常不用冠词,如by cash用现金;by volume按体积。
答案 the;不填
14.(2013•嘉兴一中月考)Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.
解析 a knowledge of为固定表达,意义“……方面的知识”,trade为不可数名词,表示泛指时不用冠词。
答案 a;不填
15.Everything comes with ________ price;there is no such ________ thing as a free lunch in the world.
解析 price意为“代价”,为可数名词,第二空前有no,后面的名词不用冠词。
答案 a;不填