2020届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists知能演练轻松闯关 新人教版必修5 6页

Unit 1 Great scientists 阅读理解 A ‎(2017·浙江卷10月)It’s surprising how much simple movements of the body can affect the way we think. Using expansive gestures with open arms makes us feel more powerful, crossing your arms makes you more determined and lying down can bring more insights(领悟)．‎ So if moving the body can have these effects, what about the clothes we wear? We’re all well aware of how dressing up in different ways can make us feel more attractive, sporty or professional, depending on the clothes we wear, but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的) performance or is it just a feeling?‎ Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simply wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention. The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.‎ What they found was that people wearing white coats performed better than those who weren’t. Indeed, they made only half as many errors as those wearing their own clothes on the Stroop Test(one way of measuring attention). The researchers call the effect “enclothed cognition，” suggesting that all manner of different clothes probably affect our cognition in many different ways.‎ This opens the way for all sorts of clothesbased experiments. Is the writer who wears a fedora more creative? Is the psychologist wearing little round glasses and smoking a cigar more insightful? Does a chef’s hat make the resultant food taste better?‎ From now on I will only be editing articles for PsyBlog while wearing a white coat to help keep the typing error count low. Hopefully you will be doing your part by reading PsyBlog in a cap and gown(学位服)．‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文讲述了Adam和Galinsky所做的一个关于穿着白大褂人们注意力的实验。实验显示穿白大褂的人表现更为出色，他们的错误率是穿普通衣服的人的一半。得出结论：着装影响人的认知表现。‎ ‎1．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．Body movements change the way people think.‎ B．How people dress has an influence on their feelings.‎ C．What people wear can affect their cognitive performance.‎ D．People doing different jobs should wear different clothes.‎ C　 解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“but can the clothes actually change cognitive(认知的) performance or is it just a feeling”及下文所做的实验可知，本文主要讲述着装对人认知表现的影响。故选C。‎ ‎2．Adam and Galinsky’s experiment tested the effect of clothes on their wearers’ ________．‎ A．insights 　　　　　　　 B．movements C．attention D．appearance 6‎ C　 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Adam and Galinsky tested the effect of simple wearing a white lab coat on people’s powers of attention.”中的attention及第四段的“Indeed，... on the Stroop Test(one way of measuring attention)”的attention可知，Adam和Galinsky的试验是测试着装对人们注意力的影响。insights“洞察力”；movement“移动”；attention“注意力”；appearance“外表”。故选C。‎ ‎3．How does the author sound in the last paragraph?‎ A．Academic. B．Humorous.‎ C．Formal. D．Hopeful.‎ B　 解析：推理判断题。作者全文在讲述着装影响人的认知表现这一理论，最后一段作者说自己以后要穿白大褂上班编辑文章，以减少打字错误。他希望读者也能带上学士帽、穿上学位服阅读PsyBlog的文章。由此可推断出作者是用一种幽默的语气调侃着装认知理论。academic“学士的”； humorous“幽默的”；formal“正式的”； hopeful “有希望的”。故选B。‎ B ‎(2018·浙江金、丽、衢十二校高三联考)‎ My Dear Stuart，‎ We are overjoyed at your generously long letter. We have been rather worried about you since your reticent Xmas card from Spain. We thought that your indignation at Fascist(Natsi) terrors might have made you join the Spanish Republican army on leaving Oxford. In that case, the world would certainly gain a hero, but we might(O horrible thought！) lose a friend. You can imagine our relief to hear from you again.‎ We shall be here for another four or five months yet, and we shall sail home in September. Not that we have homes to return to! Our houses, spared by the shellfire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents. Our families have taken refuge in mountains. My wife lost her mother, and I myself have no hope of getting jobs in China. However, one’s lot is with one’s own people; I don’t mind suffering a bit. The revolution of the Fortune’s wheel might bring us up, and, as Goethe(歌德，著名诗人) was fond of saying, abwarten Sie.‎ Yes, Stuart, I have been working entirely on my own. I have tried to read French literature systematically downwards, beginning with Villon, and already got as far as the midnineteenth century. I have also read the German romantics. I am reading Taine’s novel. Besides, I have not neglected my English and Chinese studies.‎ Oh, my baby daughter is fat. She already boasts of six teeth(each tooth meaning a week or so of worries and sleeplessness on her part as well as our own). She is very naughty and selfwilled. She will be able to walk a little next month.‎ My wife sends you her best wishes. Write to me at your earliest convenience.‎ Yours ever，‎ Chungshu Tchi’ien P．S. My wife wants me to tell you that the baby is really “her father’s daughter”. She loves nothing so much as books—to tear and nibble at, certainly not to read. She throws away her toys to grab at the books we happen to be reading.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一封书信，这封信是钱钟书1938年留学巴黎时写给外国友人司徒亚的，后者是他在牛津大学的同院同学。通过对一些琐事的描述，‎ 6‎ 体现了对友人的关心和友情。‎ ‎4．If published, the letter can be found in the column of ________．‎ A．continued stories B．cover story C．book review D．anecdotes and life D　解析：推理判断题，这是朋友间的一封书信，所以如果要是出版的话应该在轶事和生活栏目出版。故选D。‎ ‎5．We can infer from the letter that ________．‎ A．the writer’s homeland was suffering from a terrible war B．the writer, as well as Stuart, was fond of Chinese literature C．the writer and his family had never planned to leave for homeland D．Stuart was leaving for China together with the writer and his family A　解析：推理判断题，根据文章第二段的“Not that we have homes to return to! Our houses, spared by the shellfire, have been looted and gutted of all their valuable contents.”我们无家可回，可以推测出作者的家乡正在经历着战争的洗礼。故选A。‎ ‎6．The expression “abwarten Sie” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________．‎ A．ignore helplessly B．escape hopelessly C．seek desperately D．wait patiently D　解析：词义猜测题，根据第二段“The revolution of the Fortune’s wheel might bring us up, and, as Goethe(歌德，著名诗人) was fond of saying, abwarten Sie.”可知这是著名诗人歌德常说的等待吧，故选D。‎ ‎7．The tone of the writer’s writing about his daughter is ________．‎ A．casual B．cautious C．humorous D．determined C　解析：推理判断题，文章最后作者对女儿的描述幽默诙谐，故选C。‎ 完形填空 One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__．‎ Like many other parents, mine were hard to __2__ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they’d __3__．I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.‎ In northern Ohio，you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__．We asked my aunt if she’d help us with the “__8__”， and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.‎ On the __11__ Sunday, we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents’ house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.‎ When Christmas __16__，of course, we couldn’t go to our parents’ house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century ‎ 6‎ later, I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。‎ ‎1．A.distinctive　　　　　　　 B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty D　解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive “与众不同的”；fragrant “芳香的”；expensive“贵的”。‎ ‎2．A.shop B．represent C．answer D．care A　解析：根据上文的“Like many other parents，mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop “购物”。‎ ‎3．A.deserve B．appreciate C．advertise D．imagine B　解析：根据上文的“Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve “值得，应得”；appreciate “感激，欣赏”；advertise “为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。‎ ‎4．A.result B．number C．price D．express C　解析：根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。‎ ‎5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.frighten B．assist C．surprise D．reward C　解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。‎ ‎7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened B　解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas”及“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze “结冰”符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)”。‎ ‎9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose A　解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in 6‎ ‎ advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time “及时”；by accident “意外地”； on purpose“故意地”。‎ ‎10．A.service B．action C．effect D．production B　解析：根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner” 可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action “行动起来”符合语境。go into service “投入使用”；go into effect “生效”；go into production “投入生产”。‎ ‎11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen D　解析：根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。‎ ‎12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted B　解析：根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理”； transport “运输，运送”；transplant “移植”。‎ ‎13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out A　解析：根据下文的“as Santa Claus” 可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as...“把……冒充为……”；look on sb./sth.as... “把……当作……”；start out as...“以……开始，起初是……”。‎ ‎14．A.delighted B．annoyed C．disappointed D．convinced D　解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first” 可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced “确信，坚信”符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether C　解析：根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。‎ ‎16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in A　解析：根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around “再次出现，再度发生”； drop out “退出”；turn up “出现”；draw in “(白天变得)渐短”。‎ ‎17．A.generous B．additional C．double D．special C　解析：根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October” 可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。‎ ‎18．A.even B．just C．once D．still D　解析：根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。‎ ‎19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ 6‎ ‎20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting B　解析：作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。congratulation“祝贺”； donation “捐赠物”；greeting “问候”。‎ 6‎