2020版高考英语一轮基础习选题 Unit 1 Living well（含解析）新人教版选修7 9页

Unit 1 Living well 李仕才 一、阅读理解 Kanda really doesn't like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that he'd rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.”‎ So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a person's shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate.It's even equipped with a smile.‎ Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot，sometimes I forget where I parked.”‎ They tested the robot on 15 volunteers,10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robot's weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said.‎ Just like a human partner，Kanda's bot isn't perfect.It's not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it can't really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was comforted by the bot's presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，”he said，“particularly when it spoke.”‎ ‎1．Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner?‎ A．Because he wants someone to accompany him while walking.‎ B．Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot.‎ 9‎ C．Because his family are unwilling to walk with him.‎ D．Because he is crazy about developing robots.‎ ‎2．What characteristic does the robot have?‎ A．It can “speak” and “see”．‎ B．It can walk like a human being.‎ C．It can communicate with people freely.‎ D．It is much more humorous than a real person.‎ ‎3．What is necessary for the robot to function?‎ A．A small size. B．A boxy shape.‎ C．A human partner. D．A speech software.‎ ‎4．What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next?‎ A．To make it more convenient to carry.‎ B．To improve its conversational skills.‎ C．To enable it to walk in heavy rain.‎ D．To better its sound system.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。‎ ‎【难句分析】So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out.and exercise more.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Kanda; that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a robotic walking partner；which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个分句。‎ 译文：因此专门研究类人机器人的Kanda发明了一个可以陪人们散步的机器人，这个机器人能够基于周围的环境和人闲谈，他希望这样可以激发人们走出去，多锻炼。‎ ‎1．A　考查细节理解。根据第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，' Kanda said.‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。‎ ‎2．A　考查推理判断。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to communicate”以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。‎ ‎10．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate”和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。‎ 9‎ ‎3．B　考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句的“it can't really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1．She adapted herself quickly ________ the climate there.‎ 答案：to　adapt ... to ... “使……适应……”。‎ ‎2．After the meeting, the manager asked him to explain his ________ (absent)．‎ 答案：absence 　absence “缺席；不在”；absent “不在的；缺席的”。由空前的his可知应填名词absence。‎ ‎3．Is there any sound more ________ (annoy) than the whine of a mosquito?‎ 答案：annoying　annoying “恼人的；烦人的；使人不高兴的”，常用来描述事物的特性；annoyed “感到恼火的；觉得生气的”，常描述人的心理状态。此处指声音的特点“令人心烦”可知应填annoying。‎ ‎4．I'd like to congratulate you ________ your wonderful performance.‎ 答案：on　congratulate sb. on sth. “就……向某人表示祝贺”。‎ ‎5．The survey ________ (conduct) by the company shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year.‎ 答案：conducted　conduct与主语survey 之间为被动关系，故应填过去分词conducted充当其后置定语。‎ ‎6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are ________ (access) to the disabled.‎ 答案：accessible 　be accessible to “……可接近/可靠近/可使用的”。‎ ‎7．The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if ________ (adapt) for television, would be a hit.‎ 答案：adapted　adapt “适应；改编”。所给动词与其逻辑主语story之间为被动关系，故填过去分词。‎ ‎8．My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be ________ (benefit) to his health.‎ 答案：beneficial 　be beneficial to ... “对……有益”。‎ ‎9．Without his ________ (encourage) to me, I would have been defeated in the game.‎ 答案：encouragement　此处用名词encouragement “鼓励”作介词without的宾语。‎ ‎10．________ (ambitious) plays an important role in our daily life, because 9‎ ‎ it is a guide for us to make decisions and choices.‎ 答案：Ambition　句中缺主语，故应填名词ambition充当主语。且作“雄心，野心”讲时，为不可数名词。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ When I was a teenager, we were the only family in our New York town that didn't own a car. And having no car was __1__ because all my friends' parents did.‎ ‎ We were poor. Suddenly a moment arrived __2__ my life forever. For weeks a new Buick Roadmaster __3__ in the window of the biggest store on the main street. Now, on the special night, I stayed in the shadows at the edge of the crowd waiting for the winning __4__ to be drawn.‎ ‎ It had never even entered my mind that we would __5__. But the loudspeaker called my father's name! __6__ I wormed my way up to the platform, the mayor had presented Dad with the __7__， and he had driven off amid __8__. I ran __9__. My mother met me and told me that my father had asked Jim, his boss, if he wanted to buy a ticket. Jim said yes and my dad __10__ two tickets in his own name with his own money, __11__ 348 for Jim and the winning number was 348 instead of __12__ one 349.‎ ‎ “Your father is struggling with a(n) __13__ problem. But I think if you have character, you have the better part of __14__ and I know your father will do what is right，” my mother said __15__.‎ ‎ At last we __16__ Dad's step on the front porch. I held my __17__. He went straight to the __18__ in the dining room and dialed. Jim's phone rang for a long time...‎ ‎ __19__ over the years, I know now we were never __20__ than we were at the moment when Dad made the telephone call.‎ ‎【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“我”年少时父亲所做的一件正确的事。‎ ‎1. A．relaxing B．shaming ‎ C．worrying D．pleasing 答案与解析：B'根据该句中的“because all my friends' parents did”可知，“我”所有的朋友的父母都有车；据此可以判断，没有车是令人羞愧的(shaming)。A项意为“令人放松的”，C项意为“令人担心的”，D项意为“令人高兴的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎2. A．saving B．improving ‎ C．risking D．changing 9‎ 答案与解析：D'根据下文可知，“我”的父亲中彩了，赢得了车；据此可以判断，这一突如其来的时刻改变(changing)了“我”的人生。A项意为“挽救”，B项意为“改善”，C项意为“冒险”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎3. A．had stood B．had been on sale C．had performed D．had been under repair 答案与解析：A'根据该句中的“a new Buick Roadmaster '3' in the window of the biggest store on the main street”并结合下文对父亲中彩的描述可知，一辆新的别克轿车停(had stood)在主街道最大的商店的橱窗里作为获奖者的奖品。‎ ‎4. A．team B．guy ‎ C．ticket D．boss 答案与解析：C'根据语境并结合第三段最后一句中的“tickets”可知，“我”在人群的边缘等候获奖的票(ticket)被抽出。A项意为“团队”，B项意为“家伙”，D项意为“老板”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎5. A．jump B．fail ‎ C．strike D．win 答案与解析：D'根据后一句“But the loudspeaker called my father's name！”可知，但是扩音器里呼叫“我”父亲的姓名；据此可以判断，“我”从来没有想到我们会获奖(win)，故D项正确。A项意为“跳跃”，B项意为“失败”，C项意为“撞击”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎6. A．As soon as B．Because ‎ C．By the time D．Although 答案与解析：C'根据该句中的“the mayor had presented Dad with”可以判断，等“我”费力登上平台时，市长已经将车钥匙交给了“我”的父亲。by the time意为“到……时”，故C项正确。A项意为“一……就……”，B项意为“因为”，D项意为“尽管”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎7. A．dollars B．keys ‎ C．medals D．tickets 答案与解析：B'根据该句中的“he had driven off amid __8__”可知，市长将轿车的钥匙(keys)颁给了他，他在一片欢呼声中驾车而去。A项意为“美元”，C项意为“奖牌”，D项意为“票”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎8. A．shouts B．prayers ‎ C．noises D．cheers 答案与解析：D'参见上题解析。A项意为“喊叫声”；B项意为“祈祷”；C项意为“噪音”。‎ ‎9. A．home B．downtown ‎ 9‎ C．to my friends D．to the platform 答案与解析：A'根据后一句中的“My mother met me”可知，母亲遇到了“我”；据此可以判断，“我”跑回了家(home)。‎ ‎10. A．saved B．bought ‎ C．booked D．printed 答案与解析：B'根据前一句中的“if he wanted to buy a ticket”可知，“我”的父亲询问过Jim是否要购买彩票；据此可以判断，“我”的父亲购买(bought)了两张彩票。A项意为“挽救”；C项意为“预订”；D项意为“打印”。‎ ‎11. A．calling B．writing ‎ C．marking D．bringing 答案与解析：C'根据该句中的“348 for Jim”可知，父亲在348号彩票上标注(marking)了Jim的名字，故C项正确。A项意为“呼叫”，B项意为“书写”，D项意为“带来”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎12. A．the other B．another ‎ C．the lucky D．other 答案与解析：A'根据该句中的“two tickets”可知，父亲共买了两张票；据此可知，该处表示另一张是349号。A项表示“两者中的另一个”，符合语境。‎ ‎13. A．embarrassing B．mental ‎ C．puzzling D．moral 答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，父亲在思考是否将以自己的钱和名义为Jim购买的彩票所中的汽车给Jim，故这是一个道德上的(moral)问题。A项意为“令人尴尬的”，B项意为“精神的”，C项意为“令人困惑的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎14. A．wealth B．poverty ‎ C．health D．belief 答案与解析：A'根据该句中的“But I think if you have character, you have the better part of”可以判断，如果你有好的品格，你就拥有人生财富(wealth)中更好的部分，故A项正确。B项意为“贫穷”，C项意为“健康”，D项意为“信念”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎15. A．with anger B．excitedly ‎ C．calmly D．with anxiety 答案与解析：C'根据该句中的“and I know your father will do what is right”可知，母亲相信父亲会做正确的事；据此可以判断，母亲平静地(calmly)说，故C项正确。A项意为“愤怒地”，B项意为“兴奋地”，D项意为“焦虑地”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎16. A．saw B．heard ‎ C．followed D．found 9‎ 答案与解析：B'根据该句中的“Dad's step on the front porch”可知，最后我们听到(heard)了父亲走向门廊的声音。‎ ‎17. A．arms B．mouth ‎ C．eyes D．breath 答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，“我”注意着父亲的一举一动；据此可以判断，“我”屏住了呼吸(breath)。‎ ‎18. A．phone B．cup ‎ C．ticket D．window 答案与解析：A'根据该句中的“and dialed”可知，他径直走向餐厅里的电话(phone)，故A项正确。‎ ‎19. A．Looking out B．Looking up ‎ C．Looking back D．Looking in 答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，此处表示回顾(Looking back)这几年，“我”现在知道我们从来没有比父亲打电话的那一刻更富有过，故C项正确。A项意为“当心，留神”；B项意为“查阅，向上看”；D项意为“短暂探访”。‎ ‎20. A．poorer B．richer ‎ C．more foolish D．more clever 答案与解析：B'参见上题解析。A项意为“更贫穷”，C项意为“更愚蠢”，D项意为“更聪明”，都与语境不符。‎ 四、单句改错 ‎1．I was out of the breath after running 1,600 metres.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：去掉the　out of breath “上气不接下气”。‎ ‎2．You don't want to be made fun and neither do others.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：fun后加of　make fun of “取笑”。‎ ‎3．The scientist as well as his assistants were doing an experiment in the lab then.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：were→was　当主语后面接由as well as构成的词组时，谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。‎ ‎4．English is so difficult for him to learn.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 9‎ 答案：so→too　too＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋to do ... “(对某人来说)太……而不能……”。‎ ‎5．We offer our congratulation to you on your winning the prize.‎ ‎______________________________________________________‎ 答案：congratulation→congratulations　congratulation“祝贺”，常用复数形式。‎ 五、七选五 Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons：‎ Above all，most of jobs don't require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a master's degree and an inexperienced person with a doctor's degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.‎ ‎ 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctor's degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to become a member of a computer company just like Bill Gates. 4 ‎ ‎ 5 Maybe you shouldn't have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesn't mean nothing.Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.‎ All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree.‎ A．However，a degree is still required for most people.‎ B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention.‎ C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier.‎ D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts.‎ 9‎ E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation.‎ F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience become successful.‎ G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isn't so necessary as working experience.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。论述了工作经验是工作成功的最重要的因素这一论点。‎ ‎1．E　[根据空处位置可知，空处承上启下，根据该段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空处提出自己的观点并引出下文，故E项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎2．B　[根据本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesn't acquire a doctor's degree but has rich working experience.”并结合空后所列举的例子可知，该例旨在证明丰富的工作经验在应聘时更受欢迎，故B项与此处匹配。]‎ ‎3．C　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；根据本段列举的比尔·盖茨放弃学业创业成功和乔布斯在十九岁时辍学这两个例子可以判断，本段旨在说明丰富的工作经验能促使人早日成功，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．G　[根据该空所在的位置可知，该空总结本段大意；由空前列举的比尔·盖茨和乔布斯这两个例子可以判断，高学历不如工作经验重要，故G项正确。]‎ ‎5．A　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段的主题句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelor's degree is still necessary in this fiercely competitive society.”可知，在这个竞争激烈的社会中，学历仍然是有必要的。据此可以判断，本段主要陈述学历对于大部分人来说还是需要的，故A项正确。]‎ 9‎