高考英语语法之强调句型 15页

高考英语语法之：强调句型 ‎ 一、强调句的基本结构及用法 强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是 …”等字眼。‎ 其基本结构是：It+ be的适当形式+被强调成分+that (who)+其他成分 ‎ He bought the book in this shop yesterday. →It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he) →It was the book that he bought in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book) →It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop) 【注意】‎ ‎1.在该强调结构中，It 无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。‎ It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。‎ ‎2. 关于that与who：‎ 当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that；‎ 当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about． ‎ 当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。 ‎ 当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when / where /why代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。‎ ‎1）It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.‎ A. until B. that C. when D. so ‎2）It was in Qingdao _____ I saw the sea for the first time.‎ A. what B. that C. when D. which ‎3）It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off.‎ A. so B. so that C. why D. that 如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。 It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class． ‎ ‎3.关于be的适当形式：‎ 在强调结构中，无论被强调的是人还是物，单数还是复数，be动词一律用单数is/was形式。‎ ‎①如果原句的谓语动词时态是现在范畴(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，就用is。‎ It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are. ‎ A. one B. that C. what D. it ‎②如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，就用was。例如:‎ It was between 1989 and 1999 _____ great changes took place in our hometown.‎ A. when B. that C. which D. because ‎③也可以根据需要用It may/might/must be…that/who…; It must have been… that/who… 如 It might be Sally that you are thinking of. ‎ It might be in the morning that he broke into the house. ‎ It might be his father that you are looking for.‎ It must be John that/who will take part in the contest on behalf our class.‎ It must have been her twin sister that you saw.‎ It_____ Peter who has let this secret out because I only told him the news.‎ A. can be    B. should be     C. might be    D. must be ‎ It must have been his brother that you met. 4. 关于被强调成分。在强调句型中，能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语或宾语（名词、代词）、状语（介词短语、时间或地点状语从句或者because引导原因状语从句）等，但不能强调谓语动词、表语或补语（形容词或名词充当）、although引导的让步状语从句、for、since, as引导的原因状语从句、if条件状语等。如：‎ 强调主语、宾语。 ‎ 例1．It is these poisonous products ____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET03) ‎ A. who     B. that    C. how     D. what ‎ 例2．It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages ______ attracted the audience’s interest. (上海2000 春) ‎ A. so that B. that C. what D. in which ‎ 强调主语从句how the young man had learned five foreign languages。 ‎ 例3．It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (NMET2000) ‎ A. one     B. that    C. what    D. it ‎ 强调状语 It was at the gate of our school that we gave the visitors a warm welcome. (强调地点状语)‎ It was with great joy that he received the news that his long lost son would soon return home. (强调程度状语)‎ It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school. (强调方式状语)‎ It was three years ago that I came to this school. (强调时间状语)‎ It is when he got back that he knew what had happened. (强调时间状语)‎ It was because he loved my money that he married me. (强调原因状语)‎ 注意：a.强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要用that,不能用when, where, why或how。如：‎ It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET'97)‎ A. that B. until C. before D. when It was only when I reread his poems recently I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET' 98)‎ A. until B. that C. then D. so It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. (2003上海春季) ‎ A. so B. so that C. why D. that It was where there had been a theatre they built a new modern school.‎ A. where B. in which C. that D. so b.使用强调句型对状语进行强调时，有必要将其与下列句型区分开来。比较下面的句子：‎ ‎1) It was in the evening that the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (强调句型)‎ It was evening when the soldiers arrived at the small mountain village. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)‎ ‎2) It was at 3 o'clock that they came back. (强调句型)‎ It was 3 o'clock when they came back. (when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)‎ ‎3) It is for three hours that they have been back. (强调句型)‎ It was three hours before they came back. (before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)‎ It is three hours since they came back. (since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间)‎ 再如：It was raining when they came back.‎ It is true that he once went to Canada.‎ It is a surprise that Mary should have won the first prize.‎ 强调部分为介词短语：强调部分为介词短语时，①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项。②表示时间或地点时，应注意与定语从句的区别。‎ ‎1. It was through Jack _____ Mary got to know Bob .‎ A. who B. whom C. how D. that ‎2. It was _____ great care that they did the job. ‎ A. for B. about C. with D. in ‎ ‎3. It was on October 1st 1949 _____ new China was founded .‎ A. which B. when C. as D. that ‎4. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died?‎ A. that B. in which C. in where D. which ‎5. It was the school gate ______ I met an old friend of mine after class.‎ A. that B. which C. where D. why 链接高考：‎ 例1．It was about 600 years ago ____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97) ‎ ‎  A. that  B. until  C. before  D. when ‎ 例2．It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(辽宁06) ‎ A. that   B. when   C. since   D. as ‎ 例3．It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty. (NMET98)    ‎ A. until   B. that    C. then    D. so ‎ 例4．It was because of bad weather ____ the football match had to be put off. (上海03春) ‎ ‎  A. so  B. so that  C. why  D. that ‎ 例5．It was where there had been a theatre ____ they built a new modern school. ‎ ‎ A. where  B. in which C. that  D. so ‎ 例6．It was only with the help of the local people ___ .（上海春04） ‎ A. was the mountain climber rescued ‎ B. that the mountain climber was rescued ‎ C. when the mountain climber was rescued ‎ D. then mountain climber was rescued ‎ 例7．It was in the book store ____ I met your brother the other day.(上海90） ‎ A. where  B. that  C. n which  D. in that ‎ 例8．It was not ____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET92) ‎ A. when; that     B. until; that C. until; when    D. when; then ‎ 特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not until...that...”这一固定句型。由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。同时要注意不能使用倒装语序.‎ 例9．It was ______ back home after the experiment. (湖北04) ‎ A. not until midnight did he go ‎ B. until midnight that he didn’t go ‎ C. not until midnight that he went ‎ D. until midnight when he didn’t go ‎ ‎5. 关于主谓一致：在强调句型中，被强调部分是原句型的主语时，其形式必须与谓语动词的人称和数保持一致。‎ It is your father that is wrong this time.‎ It is he and his parents that have come to China.‎ ‎6. 人称对照：在强调句型中，如强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时, 应注意其形式仍用主格或宾格形式。‎ It is they who will attend the medical conference.‎ It was her that I saw in the street just now.‎ ‎【误】 It is I who/ that is going to be sent there to help them.‎ ‎【正】 It is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them.‎ ‎【误】It was her that told me about it.‎ ‎【正】It was she that told me about it.‎ ‎【误】It is I who the teacher has punished.‎ ‎【正】It is me whom the teacher has punished.‎ 二、特殊形式的强调句结构 1. 强调句的否定、疑问句形式以及感叹句形式。‎ 强调句型的否定形式、一般疑问句形式、特殊疑问句形式、感叹句形式以及反意疑问句形式：‎ ‎①否定形式：It was not in England that Olympic Competitions first started.‎ ‎②一般疑问句形式：Was/Is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？‎ Is the girl in red who is your sister?‎ 例1．Was it during the Second World War ____ he died? (MET88) ‎ ‎  A. that   B. while   C. in which   D. then ‎ 例2．Was _____that I saw last night at the concert?(上海97) ‎ A. it you   B. not you    C. you   D. that yourself ‎ 例3．--- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? ‎ ‎　　 --- ______. (上海96) ‎ A. I didn’t know he was　B. Yes, it was ‎ C. No, he wasn’t　D. Yes, he did ‎ 解析：此句为强调句的一般疑问句的否定形式。其回答有两种可能：“Yes, it was”或“No, it wasn’t”，故选B. ‎ ‎③特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+ was/Is it + 被强调部分+ that+其他成分？‎ What is it that you want me to do?‎ Who was it that told you the news？‎ When was it that he first came to China?‎ Where was it that you met her?‎ How was it that he solved the problem?‎ 事实上，强调句型的特殊疑问句就是就陈述句中的被强调部分进行提问变化而来的。也就是强调部分为疑问词。当含有特殊疑问词的强调句型用在宾语从句中的时候，句型应改为‘特殊疑问词+it  was( is) that +陈述句”，即采用陈述句语序。 ‎ ‎ (1) — where was it ____ the road accident happened yesterday?‎ ‎      — In front of the market.‎ A. when    B. that    C. which    D. how ‎ ‎(2) I really don’t know _____ you returned the book to me.‎ ‎ A. when it was that    B. when was it     ‎ C. when was it that    D. when it was ‎ ‎1. _____ electricity plays an important part in our daily life ?‎ A. Why was it that B. Why is it that ‎ C. Why is it D. Why it is that ‎2. Who was it _____ wanted to see me just now ?‎ A. that B. who C. when D. when ‎3. _____ you met the foreigner from Canada ?‎ A. Where it was that B. Who it was that ‎ C. Where was it that D. Where was that 强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时，该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相同，即：疑问词 + 一般疑问句”‎ 例1. Why! I have nothing to confess ____ you want me to say? (上海04) ‎ A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that ‎ 解析：此题考查强调句中强调疑问词时语序的排列。What引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中充当say的宾语。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句，被强调部分是what。故选A ‎ 例2．I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter ____ I am making to (广东04) ‎ A who is it B who it is C it is who D it is whom ‎ 解析:. who引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作介词to的宾语（应用宾格whom，但在通常情况下，也可以用who代替whom）。并且，who it is（that）I am making to(此处省略了that)为强调句型。这是一个强调句型的特殊疑问句。被强调部分是who。故选B ‎ ‎④感叹句形式：What/How加上感叹部分+ it was/is+ that+其他成分！‎ What a wonderful time it was that we had at the party！‎ How good a student it is that I have！‎ ‎⑤反意疑问句形式：强调句型的反意疑问句，后半部分的附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语以及时态要与强调句型本身保持一致。‎ It was at eleven last night that I knew the good news, wasn’t it?‎ It was where you come that you should return to, isn’t it?‎ ‎⑥ 强调句型的回答也应该使用强调句式。‎ Was it you that told him about it? ---Yes, it was.‎ ‎⑦强调句型中的从句：‎ ‎1. Was it at the school which was named after a hero that he spent his childhood?‎ ‎2. It was in the shop which was opened last month that he bought the book.‎ ‎3. It was the girl whose father worked abroad that lent me the book.‎ ‎4. Was it in 1982 when you were in college that you got to know her?‎ ‎5. I can't quite remember _____ you started doing the work .‎ A. that it was when B. when it was that C. when was it that D. that was it when ‎6. She wants to know if it is 600 miles an hour _____ the newest plane can go.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. on which ‎7. Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday？‎ A. although B. that C. because D. since ‎8. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.‎ A. until B. that C. then D. so ‎9. _____ he came back home that we knew what had happened .‎ A. When it was B. It was when ‎ C. Was it when D. When was it ‎10. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.‎ A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which: that ‎11. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me at that time.‎ A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what 2. 固定句型：‎ ‎① not...until句型变为强调句型时，如要强调until从句时，要把not放到until前，一起强调, 主句由否定句改为肯定句。其基本形式为It is (was) not until+时间状语（短语或者从句）…that…。比较：。‎ ‎1. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.‎ A. while B. which C. that D. since 2. He didn’t come until six o’clock.→ It was not until six o’clock that he came.‎ ‎3. They didn’t start until the rain stopped. → It was not until the rain stopped that they started. ‎ ‎4. It was not until late in the evening _____ her husband arrived home.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. that D. how ‎5. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. that D. since ‎6. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses ____ I realized she was a famous film star.‎ ‎ A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then 注意 " not ... until " 句型的变化。比较下列三个句子：‎ She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.‎ It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.‎ Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.‎ 链接高考：‎ ‎[1992] It was not ___she took off her dark glasses ____I realized she was a famous film star.‎ A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then ‎[1995] It was not until 1920 ____ regular broadcasts began.‎ A. while B. which C. that D. since ‎[2005] It wasn’t until nearly a month later ____ I received the manager’s reply. ‎ A. since B. when C. as D. that ‎② It was because-clause (because of+名词)+that…‎ It was because of his carelessness（because he was careless） that he lost his job.‎ ‎③ It was +介词+时间名词++that…‎ It was at 7:00 a.m. that the plane took off. 三、强调句型与定语从句以及与主语从句等的辨析 强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆.‎ 引起定语从句的引导词that或者who，在定语从句中充当主语或者宾语，不可以去掉; that或者who引导主语从句时，that无任何含义也不充当任何成分但也不可以省略，who引导主语从句并且在主语从句中充当主语也不可以省略。并且，that或者who引导的主语从句经常置于句后，而在主语位置使用形式主语It。而强调句型中的It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整。这一点正是区分强调句型和定语从句以及主语从句的关键所在。‎ 与定语从句的辨析 It was in the lab that was set up by Mr. Smith that they finished the experiment. （划线部分为定语从句）‎ It was he who came from Hunan that won the first prize in the contest.‎ ‎（划线部分为定语从句）‎ Was it during the Second World War ____ he died?‎ A. that　 B. while C. in which D. then ‎ B.与名词性从句的辨析 It is true that he once was a teacher. （划线部分为主语从句）‎ It was ____ he said____ disappointed me.‎ A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what ‎（What引导主语从句）‎ C. 与状语从句的辨析 It was about 600 years ago____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.‎ ‎　　A. that B. until　C. before D. when D. 与there be句型的辨析 ‎____is no possibility ____ Bob can win the first prize in the match. ‎ ‎　A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether A ‎　本题为there be句型,而非强调句型。that引导的为同位语从句,作possibility的同位语。‎ 四、错误判断强调句的两种情况 1. 将非强调句判为强调句。‎ 易混句型1：It be+段时间+ since ... “自从……以来” ‎ 该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态, since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 ‎ 例．That was really a splendid evening. It's years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. (安徽 05) ‎ A. when    B. that   C. before   D. since ‎ 易混句型2：It be+点时间+ when ... ＂当……的时候，是……＂ ‎ 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。 ‎ 例. —Did Jack come back early last night? ‎ ‎ —Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 ) ‎ A. before B. when C. that D. until ‎ It was ten o’clock ______ he came back. A. that    B. when C. so        D. which 易混句型3：It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……” 该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。  ‎ 例． --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? ‎ ‎   --- Perhaps two or three years.  （06福建） ‎ A. when    B. until   C. that   D. before ‎ 比较： It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。 It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。 It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。 再比较： It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。 It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落叶。‎ 很明显，地点名词或者时间名词如果不是在句子中作主语或者宾语，一般不可以被强调。更多的是作介词宾语构成状语时才经常被强调。‎ ‎2. 将强调句判为非强调句。有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，强调句型情态动词或复杂时态等，强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖强调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判。如： (1) When was _____ that the general manager left for Japan? A. he        B. it C. that       D.‎ ‎ since 答案选B，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。 (2) It might have been John _____ bought a present for Mary yesterday. A. that           B. when C. what          D. which 答案选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构。 (3) It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me. A. which          B. as C. what           D. that 答案选D，为强调句型，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said，句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。 (4) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died. A. where, which       B. that, that C. where, that       D. which, that 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 (5) It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan. A. which       B. as C. that          D. what 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。　‎ 五、【经典例题】‎ ‎（三）It was the school gate ____ I met an old friend of mine after class .‎ A. that B. which C. where D. why ‎【例题简析】答案C，此句是where引导的定语从句，where一方面引导定语从句，同时又在定语从句中作状语。强调句型最容易与定语从句一起考查，应是学习和复习的重点。一般说来，如果把句中的It is/ was … that去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整句子，并且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型；否则，应为其他从句。试比较It was a small house that I used to live in. (定语从句)　It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.（强调句型）‎ ‎（五）It was __ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.‎ A. since B. for C. as D. because ‎【例题简析】答案Ｄ，强调句型可强调多种句子成分，如主语、状语、宾语等，也可以是从句。但不能用来强调谓语动词、表语（主语补语）、让步状语，除此之外的其他句子成分基本都能被强调。强调句型只可以强调由because引导的原因状语从句，但不能对for, as, since, though等引导的句子进行强调， 例如：‎ It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday. (强调地点状语)‎ It was yesterday that I met my old teacher in the park. (强调时间状语)‎ It was my old teacher that I met in the park yesterday. (强调宾语) ‎ It was I who met my old teacher in the park yesterday. （强调主语）‎ ‎【强化练习】‎ ‎1. It was _____ he said and something ____he did _____ disappointed me at that time.‎ ‎ A. what ; that; that B. that ; what; that C. what ; what; that D. what; that; what ‎2. I can't quite remember _____ I was taken to Beijing.‎ A. that it was when B. when it was that C. when was it that D. that was it when ‎3. Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday .‎ A. although B. that C. because D. since ‎4. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their ‎ beauty .‎ A. until B. that C. then D. so ‎5. _____ he came back home that we knew what had happened .‎ A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it ‎【练习答案】1. A 2.C 3.B 4.B ‎（六）It was about 600 years ago ___ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET ' 97)‎ A. that B. until C. before D. when ‎【例题简析】答案A，在强调句型中，一般用that连接，如强调的部分是人作主语、宾语，可用who/whom/that，其他一律用that，不能用which, where, when等，即使被强调的是物、时间或地点状语。如：It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning.　‎ It was last night that we held a meeting.‎ ‎（七）It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began. (NMET'95)‎ A. While B. which C. that D. since ‎【例题简析】答案C，until引导的时间状语从句，也可以用在强调句型中，但主要是其否定形式，如用在强调句型中，必须将not前移，写成It is/was not until … that … ．如：It was not until the class began that he came in. It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book.‎ ‎【强化练习】‎ ‎1. It was not until late in the evening _____ her husband arrived home.‎ A. which B. when C. that D. how ‎2. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.‎ A. which B. when C. that D. since ‎3. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.‎ A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then ‎【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.B ‎ ‎（八）Was ____ that I saw last night at the concert? (上海97年高考题)‎ ‎ A. it you         B. not you            C. you             D. that yourself ‎【例题简析】强调句型也有疑问句形式，一般疑问句的强调形式，只需将is/ was 提前，移至句首即可，即：Is/ Was it … that …。‎ 特殊疑问句的强调形式，须将陈述句变成一般疑问句，再在句首加上疑问词，即：疑问词（被强调部分）＋is/was + it + that + 句子其余部分。‎ 强调句型的反义疑问句后半部分的附加疑问句，应该与强调句型本身保持时态和主谓一致。如：‎ Was it last year that the building was completed? ‎ Where was it that you met your English teacher? ‎ It was the day before yesterday that you lost the money, wasn't it?‎ 六、高考题中的强调结构： ‎ ‎1. ___ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. 【06浙江04】                   ‎ A. As    B. That     C. This     D. It                                                ‎ ‎2. It is what you do rather than what you say _____ matters.【05天津09】‎ ‎ A.that     B. what    C. which   D. this                                                           ‎ ‎3. It was after he got what he had desired___ he realized it was not so important.  【06辽宁35】‎ ‎ A. that     B. when     C. since     D. as       ‎ ‎4. It wasn't until nearly a month later ___I received the manger's reply.  【05全国I30】‎ ‎ A. since    B. when    C. as    D. that     ‎ ‎5. It was not until she got home ___ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. 【06全国II09】‎ ‎ A. when   B. that   C. where   D. before ‎6. — _____ that he managed to get the information? 【05山东31】‎ ‎— Oh, a friend of his helped him.‎ A. Where was it    B. What was it  C. How was it  D. Why was it ‎7. I just wonder ___ that makes him so excited. 【06山东32】 ‎ A. why it does   B. what he does   C. how it is     D. what it is                  ‎ 七、强调句型分类练习 ‎（一）强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示强调,如果把 "It is (was)...that "去掉,该句应该意思完整,不缺任何句子成分:‎ ‎1. Is it _____ who wants to see you.‎ A. him B. he C. his D. himself ‎2. It was _____ who respected all their teachers.‎ A. them B. their C. they D. themselves ‎3. --- What is Mary ‎ ‎--- Was it _____ that you were referred to ‎ A. he B. she C. her D. they ‎ ‎4. It _____ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .‎ A. was B. are C. were D. had been ‎5. It _____ at Christmas that John Smith gave Mary a handbag.‎ A. must have B. will be C. might have been D. may have had ‎6. ---Was that new school master who walked by ‎ ‎--- _____.‎ A. It must be that B. It must have been ‎ C. He must be D. This must have been ‎ ‎【题解】强调部分如果是人称代词,应根据句子需要选择它的主格或宾格形式:如第⒈ ⒉⒊ 小题.注意谓语动词形式与整个句子语境的一致性:如第⒋⒌ ⒍ 小题. ‎ ‎（二）强调部分为疑问词时:‎ ‎7. _____ electricity plays an important part in our daily life ‎ A. Why was it that B. Why is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that ‎8. Who was it _____ wanted to see me just now ‎ A. that B. who C. when D. when ‎9. _____ you met the foreigner from Canada ‎ A. Where it was that B. Who it was that ‎ C. Where was it that D. Where was that ‎【题解】强调部分为疑问代词或疑问副词时,该强调句句型结构与特殊疑问句句型相 同,即:"疑问词 + 一般疑问句" ‎ ‎（三）强调部分为 " not ... until " 句型:‎ ‎10. It was not until late in the evening _____ her husband arrived home .‎ A. which B. when C. that D. how ‎11. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.‎ A. which B. when C. that D. since ‎12. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.‎ A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then ‎【题解】注意 " not ... until " 句型的变化.比较下列三个句子:‎ She didn't remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.‎ It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.‎ Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor. ‎ ‎（四）强调句型中含有从句:‎ ‎13. I can't quite remember _____ you started doing the work .‎ A. that it was when B. when it was that C. when was it that D. that was it when ‎14. She wants to know if it is 600 miles an hour _____ the newest plane can go.‎ A. which B. that C. when D. on which ‎15. Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.‎ A. although B. that C. because D. since ‎16. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty .‎ A. until B. that C. then D. so ‎17. _____ he came back home that we knew what had happened .‎ A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was it ‎18. It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.‎ A. what ; that B. that ; what C. that ; which D. which : that ‎19. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me at that time.‎ A. what ; that B. that ; that C. what ; what D. that ; what ‎【题解】当强调部分为从句或含从句的短语时,应首先确定它在句子中的作用.第⒔ ⒕ 小题为宾语从句;第⒖ ⒗ ⒘ 小题为状语从句,此时不能对 for, as , since , although 引导的从句表示强调; 第 ⒙ 小题的强调部分又被一个由 which 引导的定语从句修 饰; 第⒚ 小题的强调部分则为 what 引导的主语从句. ‎ ‎（五）强调部分为介词短语: ‎ ‎20. It was through Jack _____ Mary got to know Bob .‎ A. who B. whom C. how D. that ‎21. It was _____ great care that they did the job. A. for B. about C. with D. in ‎ ‎22. It was on October 1st 1949 _____ new China was founded .‎ A. which B. when C. as D. that ‎23. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died ‎ A. that B. in which C. in where D. which ‎24. It was the school gate ______ I met an old friend of mine after class .‎ A. that B. which C. where D. why ‎【题解】强调部分为介词短语时,①应特别注意能引起误解的干扰选项,如第20小题; ②表示时间或地点时,应注意与定语从句的区别,如第24小题.‎ 八、◆强调句型典型陷阱题分析◆ 1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being late C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late 【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。 【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” ___ “Totally by chance.” A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which 【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。 【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为： It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式： (1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl? A. since      B. as         C. that          D. he 答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。 (2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most? A. what       B. which         C. that          D. if 答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。 3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It, careful B. It, carefully C. He, careful D. He, carefully 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。 【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构： (1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang. A. since      B. as         C. that          D. then 答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。 (2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag. A. before      B. who        C. that          D. when 答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。 4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. ‎ when 【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。 【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。 5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例： (1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job. A. which      B. since     C. that         D. what 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。 (2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one        B. that       C. what        D. it 答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。 6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood. A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。 【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子： (1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money. A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。 (2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died. A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that 此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out? A. when B. that C. which D. in ‎ which 【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。 【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）： Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out? A. when B. that C. which D. in which 8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while 【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。 【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。 9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. A. when B. that C. since D. while 【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。 【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。 10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what 【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。 【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。‎