高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文 28页

完形填空说明文 ‎ 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：‎ ‎1. 开头点题 在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。‎ ‎2.结构清晰 ‎ 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。‎ ‎3.难度较大 ‎ 说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。‎ ‎4.遣词用字简练 ‎ 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。‎ ‎5.条理清晰 ‎ 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。‎ ‎【解题技巧】‎ ‎1. 快速弄清文章大意 ‎ 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。‎ ‎2. 弄清楚说明的顺序 ‎ 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。‎ ‎3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 ‎ 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。‎ ‎4. 注重上下文语境 ‎ 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。‎ ‎5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：‎ ‎（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。‎ ‎（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。‎ ‎（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。‎ ‎（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。‎ Cloze 1（2016·上海卷）‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。‎ ‎382‎ ‎15分钟 ‎★★★☆☆‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的)‎ ‎ managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎3. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male ‎ ‎9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。‎ 正确。‎ ‎5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。‎ ‎6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。‎ ‎7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。‎ ‎13. D ‎ ‎ deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。‎ ‎14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。‎ Cloze 2（2014·新课标全国卷I）‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。‎ ‎249‎ ‎17分钟 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 　1　at work in people of all 　2　.For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 　3　with their new toys. But their 　4　soon wears off and by January those 　5　toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 　6　stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 　7　interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 　8　bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 　9　of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 　10　but are soon looking forward to 　11　.The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 　12　, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 　13　drove for hours at a time when they first 　14　their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 　15　to do a lot of 　16　things, which they never had 　17　to do while working. But 　18　after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become ‎ as boring as the jobs they 　19　.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 　20　.‎ ‎1. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power ‎2. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎3. A. working B. living C. playing D. going ‎4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎5. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled ‎7. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main ‎8. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly ‎9. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎10. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎11. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎12. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎13. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely ‎14. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered ‎15. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan ‎16. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct ‎17. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎18. A. only B. well C. even D. soon ‎19. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit ‎20. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues ‎【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。‎ ‎1. A 其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。‎ ‎13. B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文意。‎ ‎14. B obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。‎ ‎15. D 在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。‎ ‎16. A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。‎ ‎17. A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。‎ ‎18. D 但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。‎ ‎19. C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。‎ ‎20. B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。‎ Cloze 3（2012·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 身势语在交际中的重要性 ‎246‎ ‎18分钟 ‎★★★★☆‎ ‎ Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks 　1　than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more 　2　than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really 3　. And body language is particularly 　4　when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so 　5　a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 　6　, different societies treat the 　7　between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having 　8　contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with 　9　. People from Latin American countries, 　10　, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in 　11　, it may look like a Latino is 　12　a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving 　13　. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep 　14　— which the Latino will in return regard as 　15　.‎ ‎ Clearly, a great deal is going on when people 　16　. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from 　17　cultures, there’s a strong possibility of 　18　. But whatever the situation, the best 　19　is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be 　20　.‎ ‎1. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further ‎2. A. sounds B. invitations C. feelings D. messages ‎3. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean ‎4. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult ‎5. A. well B. far C. much D. long ‎6. A. For example B. Thus C. However D. In short ‎7. A. trade B. distance C. connections D. greetings ‎8. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone ‎9. A. strangers B. relatives C. neighbours D. enemies ‎10. A.in other words B. on the other hand ‎ ‎ C.in a similar way D.by all means ‎11. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment ‎12. A. disturbing B. helping C. guiding D. following ‎13. A. closer B. faster C.in D. away ‎14. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out ‎15. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness ‎16. A. talk B.travel C. laugh D. think ‎17. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich ‎18. A. curiosity B. excitement ‎ ‎ C. misunderstanding D. nervousness ‎19. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice ‎20. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleased ‎【文章大意】本文主要讲身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。‎ ‎8.C 根据下文可知，北欧人通常不太喜欢＂身体＂接触。‎ ‎9.A 本句中提到北欧人甚至不喜欢与朋友进行身体接触，由此可知他们当然不会与＂陌生人＂进行身体接触。‎ ‎10.B 上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触，而本句提到拉美国家的人身体接触很多，所以用on the other hand， ‎ ‎ 表示＂另一方面＂，与上文形成对比。‎ ‎11.B 身势语在＂交谈＂中才能体现出来，其余选项都与交际的关系不密切。‎ ‎12.D 根据＂People from Latin American countries， , touch each other quite a lot.＂可知，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是＂跟着＂挪威人满房间跑。‎ ‎13.A 由上文内容可知，拉丁美洲人会不断地靠近，以示亲近。‎ ‎14.C 北欧人不喜欢身体接触，由此可知挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断＂后退＂。‎ ‎15.D 拉丁美洲人不断靠近对方以示亲近，可对方不断后退躲避，由此可知，拉丁美洲人会将这种行为看做 ‎＂冷淡＂。‎ ‎16. A 文叙述的是身势语，身势语属于＂交谈＂的范畴。显然，当人们交谈的时候，很多东西在进行。只有很少一部分是用语言来完成的。‎ Cloze 1(2017届安徽省＂皖南八校＂高三次联考)‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 人际交往中一个重要的原则 ‎303‎ ‎17分钟 ‎★★★☆☆‎ People are always asking what the most important element to a healthy relationship is. The 　1　is there are many. But there is one really important thing that all great and healthy relationships have in common—　2　. Yes, of course, there are some little 　3　lies even in the best of relationships—　4　surprises or unexpected birthday parties—but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly and don’t 　5　to protect their own interests. So how can you have more open 　6　in your own relationship?‎ ‎ First, remember that honesty is the best policy even 　7　your partner might not like what you have to say. Yes, it may be 　8　to tell your guy that you don’t like one of his friends. But lying or holding things　9　will make things worse in the long run.‎ ‎ The next thing to be 　10　is to say what you have to say 　11　. If your partner feels  　12　,he will be less  　13　to what you have to say and may even become defensive. Your delivery is of utmost importance when you are discussing sensitive ‎ issues. Think through what you want to say 　14　before you bring it up. You don’t want to 15　the person that you love. You just want them to be 　16　of the truth.‎ ‎ One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly is that it enhances your relationship. If you aren’t honest about any dirty little 　17　you may have, they will probably come up eventually and 　18　you in the backside. And if you keep things to yourself, your relationship will not be based on the truth, which  　19　a solid foundation. Hard  　20　the truth may be sometimes, honesty really is the best policy.‎ ‎1. A. phenomenon B. truth C. theory D. evidence ‎2. A. honesty B. enthusiasm C. cooperation D. persistence ‎3. A. red B. purple C. white D. black ‎4. A. security B. privilege C. anniversary D. ambition ‎5. A. lie B. bargain C. complain D. interact ‎6. A. appreciation B. reputation C. selection D. communication ‎7. A. why B. when C. how D. where ‎8. A. tough B. immediate C. complicated D. plain ‎9. A.in B. on C. above D. back ‎10. A. serious about B. proud of C. expert at D. worthy of ‎11. A. obviously B. rudely C. nicely D. smoothly ‎12. A. puzzled B. attacked C. astonished D. satisfied ‎13. A. creative B. relative C. sensitive D. receptive ‎14. A. slightly B. thoroughly C. frequently D. briefly ‎15. A. suspect B. convince C. insult D. frighten ‎16. A. afraid B. aware C. ashamed D. capable ‎17. A. uniforms B. secrets C. blankets D. courts ‎18. A. train B. consult C. understand D. bite ‎19. A. picks out B. turns on C. makes for D. comes across ‎20. A. although B. while C. until D.as ‎【语篇解读】文章介绍人际交往中一个重要的原则——要以诚相待。‎ ‎1.B根据下文＂but the truth is that happy couples communicate honestly＂可知，真相有很多。truth真相。故选B。‎ ‎2.A根据下文＂communicate honestly＂可知，但是有一个真正重要的，所有非常好的和健康的关系共同具备的东西是诚实。honesty诚实。故选A。‎ ‎6.D根据下文＂One last thing to keep in mind about communicating openly＂可知，那么你怎样才能在你自己的 关系中进行更坦率的交流呢？communication交流。故选D。‎ ‎7.B句意：首先要记住即使当你的伙伴也许不喜欢你不得不说的内容时，诚实仍然是最上策。when当…… 时候。故选B。‎ ‎8.A根据下文＂that you don’t like one of his friends.＂可知，也许告诉你的伙伴你不喜欢他的其中一位朋 友有困难。tough困难的。故选A。‎ ‎13.D根据下文＂to what you have to say＂可知，他会更不愿意接纳你必须说的。receptive接受的。故选D。‎ ‎14.B句意：在你谈到某事之前，彻底地想清楚你想要说的。thoroughly完全地，彻底地。故选B。‎ ‎15.C根据下文＂You just want them to be       of the truth.＂可知，你不想侮辱你爱的那个人。insult侮辱。 故选C。‎ ‎16.B句意：你只是想他们知晓真相。aware意识到。故选B。‎ ‎17.B根据下文＂if you keep things to yourself,＂可知，如果你对于你也许有的任何不雅的小秘密不坦诚的话， 它们可能最终会出现，咬你的后背。secrets故选B。‎ ‎18.D根据下文＂in the backside＂可知，它们可能最终会出现，咬你的后背。bite咬。故选D。‎ ‎19.C句意：如果你把事情藏在心底，你的关系不是建立在事实之上，而事实有助于建立坚实的基础。make for导致，有助于，走向。故选C。‎ ‎20.D句意：尽管真相有时候可能会不近人情，但是诚实确实是最上策。使用as引导的倒装句，表示让步状 语。故选D。‎ Cloze 2(2017届河北省衡水中学高三第二次模拟考试)‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 记叙文 节约钱买圣诞礼物 ‎298‎ ‎18分钟 ‎★★★★☆‎ Hello, Mr. Wi-Fi. Life without you is next to impossible. We’re happy to sing your name from morning till evening, sometimes till dawn. 　1　I know you help me, sometimes you’re making me do things with 　2　attention. Many times I promise myself that I’ll　3　my feelings towards you, but you’re 　4　me closer and closer… You’ve entered both my home and my 　5　. You’re just a window for our 　6　and information. But we people aren’t 　7　only with the window. So we open all our 　8　for you. Is this a(n) 　9　or some kind of attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable? And if this is an attachment will you 　10　me to the lifelong togetherness?‎ We want you 24/7. Can’t you take a few days off so that both you and I can 　11　? You’re a poison—not a slow one but a super 　12　poison which holds our mind and makes us dance 　13　its tune. Nowadays you’re so 　14　that anyone can buy and make you our 　15　. You’ll never be bothered about our health but we’ll 　16　‎ be concerned about your “health”. Because you accompany us everywhere and never let us be alone.‎ If you were a 　17　person made of flesh and blood(血肉之躯)would we love you the same? You 　18　us with your numerous talents and we even can’t get rid of you. We’re all your  　19　. Sometimes I wonder how people in the previous generations 　20　, but if they did why can’t we?‎ ‎1.A.Now that B. Only if C. Though D. When ‎2.A.praised B. increased C. focused D. divided ‎3.A.keep in B. bring back C. approve of D. give up ‎4.A.drawing B. pushing C. forcing D. observing ‎5.A.space B. soul C. society D. workplace ‎6.A.entertainment B. argument C. expansion D. struggle ‎7.A.strict B. satisfied C. generous D. busy ‎8.A.thoughts B. eyes C. exits D. doors ‎9.A.disease B. inspiration C. routine D. phenomenon ‎10.A.recommend B. instruct C. commit D. adapt ‎11.A.persist B. relax C. progress D. balance ‎12.A.raw B. ambiguous C. strong D. fast ‎13.A.to B. against C. from D. within ‎14.A.affordable B. valuable C. conventional D. attractive ‎15.A.addition B. expert C. companion D. instrument ‎16.A.sometimes B. always C. never D. seldom ‎17.A.selfish B. dishonest C. responsible D. real ‎18.A.control B. scold C. comfort D. challenge ‎19.A.friends B. salves C. colleagues D. employers ‎20.A.suffered B. connected C. survived D. surfed ‎ 【文章大意】本文为一封书信。讲述的是作者和其他人对Wi-Fi的依赖，没有Wi-Fi的生活几乎不可能，大家都成了Wi-Fi的奴隶。最后作者反思如果先辈们没有做到Wi-Fi也能生存，我们为什么不行？‎ ‎1.C Now that既然；Only if只有；Though尽管，虽然；When当……时。句意：虽然我知道你帮助我，但有时你使我做事注意力分散。根据句意可知应选C。‎ ‎8.D thoughts想法；eyes眼睛；exits出口；doors门。句意：所以我们为你打开了所有的门。根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎9.A disease疾病；inspiration激励，灵感；routine常规，惯例；phenomenon现象。根据下文“If this is an illness,”可知此处句意为“这是一种疾病还是某种依恋？”根据句意可知应选A。‎ ‎10.C recommend推荐，建议；instruct指示；commit承诺；adapt适应，改编。句意：如果这是一种依恋，你会向我承诺终生在一起吗？根据句意可知应选C。‎ ‎11.B persist坚持；relax放松；progress进步；balance平衡。句意：难道你不能休几天假以便于你和我都可以放松一下吗？根据句意可知应选B。‎ ‎12.D raw生的；ambiguous含糊的，不明确的；  strong强壮的，坚强的；fast快速的。句意：你是一种毒药——不是一种慢性毒药而是一种超级快的毒药，它控制我们的思维，使我们跟着它的曲调跳舞。根据句意可知应选D。‎ ‎13.A to根据，跟着；against反对，违背；from从；within在……内。根据句意可知应选A。dance to跟着……跳舞。‎ ‎14.A affordable买得起的；valuable有价值的；conventional传统的；attractive有吸引力的。根据下文的“…that anyone can buy”可知此处应选“买得起的”，故选A。‎ ‎15.C addition增加，添加；expert专家；  companion伙伴，同伴；instrument器械。根据上文可知此处表示“使你成为我们的伙伴，故选C。‎ ‎16.B sometimes有时；always总是，一直；never从不；seldom很少。句意：你从不为我们的健康担心，但是我们却一直关心你的健康。根据句意可知应选B。‎ Cloze 3（2017届上海市建平中学高三上学期期中考试）‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 难度 建议时间 自测正确率 说明文 网络安全问题。‎ ‎400‎ ‎16分钟 ‎★★★★☆‎ ‎ The   Term   ＂CYBERSPACE＂   was   coined   by   William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel Neuromancer. His 1　creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明）. Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fiber-optic cables, and wireless links that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The 　2　made by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to 　3　 humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.‎ ‎ But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data 　4 are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks. Among the most prominent recent 　5 has been Target, whose chief executive stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant retailer 　6 that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details.‎ ‎ The  potential  damage,  though,  extends  well  beyond  such 　7 intrusion.  Wider 　8　_have been raised by the realization of a growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new territory of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release that cyber-threats ＂　 9 one of the gravest national-security dangers＂ the country is facing.‎ ‎ Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not 10 ‎ Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not 11 threats because the network was attached to America’s military. As hackers 12 , layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay.‎ ‎ Gartner, a research firm, admits that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.‎ ‎ 　13　, these defenses have worked reasonably well. Despite the talk about the risk of a ＂cyber 9/11＂, the internet has proved remarkably 　14 . Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at 15 stores, share gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.‎ ‎1. A. technical B. literary C. deliberate D. noble ‎2. A. senses B. restrictions C. connections D. differences ‎3. A. break through B. keep back C. stand for D. tap into ‎4. A. collections B. mistakes C. leaks D. sources ‎5. A. hackers B. agencies C. critics D. victims ‎6. A. assessed B. insisted C. revealed D. concluded ‎7. A. social B. cultural C. civil D. commercial ‎8. A. gaps B. contacts C. effects D. concerns ‎9. A. pose B. solve C. maintain D .reduce ‎10. A. availability B. security C. temptation D. preservation ‎11. A. worry about B. specialize in C. keep away D. put off ‎12. A. broke down B. turned up C. fell apart D. shut down ‎13. A. Of course B. In another word C. On the whole D. Above all ‎14. A. calm and stable B. fun and fashionable ‎ C. profitable and productive D. wild and well-received ‎15. A. luxurious B. favorite C. virtual D. convenience ‎【文章大意】文章介绍网络安全问题和怎么解决这个问题。‎ ‎1. B根据上文＂in a novel Neuromancer.＂可知，他的文学创作最后证明是有先见之明的。literary文学的。 故选B。‎ ‎2. C根据上文＂wireless links that bring the internet to billions of people around the world.＂可知，这些由科技产 生的联系给人们带来很多好处。connections联系。故选C。‎ ‎3. D句意：这些人使用网络充分利用人类集体知识的集合。tap into深入了解；（为了利益）充分利用或挖 掘（资源）。故选D。‎ ‎4. C根据下文＂online intruders had stolen millions of digital records＂可知，这里介绍数据泄露的问题。leaks 泄露。故选C。‎ ‎5. D根据下文＂Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks.＂可知，最近最著名的受害者是 Target。victims受害者。故选D。‎ ‎13. C句意：总的来说，这些防御已经很奏效了。On the whole总的来说。故选C。‎ ‎14. A根据上文＂Despite the talk about the risk of ‘a cyber 9/11’,＂可知，网络还是相当平静和稳定的（calm and stable）。故选A。‎ ‎15. C根据上文＂turn on their computers＂可知，人们上虚拟网店。virtual虚拟的。故选C。‎ Cloze 1‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 英美两国的人在工作、生活和住房等方面的一些情况 ‎324‎ ‎18分钟 ‎★★★☆☆‎ There are usually parents and two children in a typical British family. In most British families both parents 　1　. Very young children go to nursery schools or stay at home with a child minder(照顾者). 　2　 people usually live in their own homes or a nursing home if they cannot look after themselves. British parents 　3　 to spend their free time with their children going to the cinema, museums or parks. During the weekend they 　4　 have dinner together.‎ Americans often 　5　 from city to city or from state to state. For this reason American 　6　 live far away from their relatives. However, 　7　 keep in touch with each other by telephone or letter. During holidays or at celebrations like Thanksgiving, families often visit each other. A(n) 　8　 American family is the same as a British family. Both parents work. 　9　 British families, American parents try to spend time with their children at weekends. They often 　10　 museums. They also go to the cinema or the park.‎ There are many 　11　 kinds of houses in the UK. In the countryside you can see small, pretty houses, and in the towns and cities you can see many 　12　 of flats. More than half of the people in the UK 　13　 their houses. Other people rent houses or flats. British people like to feel 　14　 and safe in their homes. They like to make their homes and gardens look attractive. Perhaps that’s 　15　 gardening and DIY are the most popular pastimes.‎ The buildings in American cities are 　16　 to those in British cities. There are tall tower blocks, skyscrapers and large brick buildings. 　17　, the houses are very different in the suburbs. A lot of Americans live in wooden houses with front and back　18　. Two thirds of Americans own their homes. Other Americans 　19　 houses, apartments or rooms. Americans are usually very ‎ house-proud and 　20　 their homes very well.‎ ‎1.A.study B. play C. work D. stay ‎2.A.Young B. Old C. Rich D. Poor ‎3.A.pretend B. offer C. agree D. try ‎4.A.usually B. seldom C. hardly D. never ‎5.A.build B. repair C. change D. move ‎6.A.schools B. families C. hospitals D. churches ‎7.A.he B. we C.I D. they ‎8.A.special B. small C. typical D. important ‎9.A.Like B. For C.As D. In ‎10.A.search B. protect C. leave D. visit ‎11.A.modern B. different C. strong D. large ‎12.A.pieces B. crowds C. blocks D. stories ‎13.A.own B. sell C. buy D. lend ‎14.A.proud B. lucky C. frightened D. comfortable ‎15.A.when B. why C. where D. how ‎16.A.useful B. convenient C. similar D. difficult ‎17.A.However B. Though C. Because D. Until ‎18.A.doors B. rooms C. lights D. gardens ‎19.A.choose B. rent C. lose D. take ‎20.A.drop out of B. keep us with C. take care of D. catch sight of ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英美两国的人在工作、生活和住房等方面的一些情况。‎ ‎1.C因为父母都要工作，孩子很小就上幼儿园或者有人看护待在家里。故选C。‎ ‎2.B 句中说"if they cannot look after ‎ themselves"，另外上文中已经提到过孩子们，由此可知，这里不能照顾自己的应该是老人。故选B。‎ ‎3.D在英国，父母平时要工作，所以空闲的时候会尽量和孩子们在一起，去看电影、参观博物馆或者逛公园。故选D。‎ ‎13.A下文提到"其他人租房子"，所以此处意为"一半以上的英国人有自己的房子"。own"拥有"。‎ ‎14.D英国人喜欢自己家里舒服、安全的感觉。故选D。‎ ‎15.B根据上文"英国人喜欢让房子和花园看起来有吸引力"可知，这就是园艺或DIY成为最受欢迎的消遣的原因。‎ Cloze 2‎ 体裁 文章话题 词数 建议时间 难度 自测正确率 说明文 ‎306‎ ‎18分钟 正确应对来自同龄人的压力。‎ ‎★★★★☆‎ When you were a little kid, your parents usually decided who your friends were. They put you in playgroups or 　1　 dates with certain children they knew and liked. 　2　you’re older, you can choose your own friends.‎ Your friends — your peers — are people of your age or close to it who have experiences and interests 　3　 to yours. Besides friends, your peers include other kids you know who are 　4　 the same age — like children in your grade, sports team, or community. 　5　 you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.‎ Peers have a mostly 　6　 influence on each other and play important roles in each other’s lives. 　7　, peers set plenty of good examples to each other. 　8　 peers who are determined to do well in school can influence you to be more 　9　. Peers who are kind and honest influence you to have these 　10　 in yourself.‎ Sometimes, 　11　, your peers may pressure you into doing something that is 　12　, such as smoking, drinking, or taking risks when driving a car. The 　13　 to do what others are doing can be powerful and hard to 　14　. People who are low on confidence and those who tend to 　15　 rather than lead could be more likely to give in.‎ When 　16　 to do something you are uncomfortable with, just take courage and say "no". If you feel you need a(n) 　17　 for refusing a drink or smoke, think up a few lines you can use. You can say, "No, thanks. I’m busy 　18　 because I’ve got a basketball match next week." You may also blame your parents, "If my mom found out, she’d 　19　 me, and her spies are everywhere." If a situation seems 　20　, don’t hesitate to get an adult’s help.‎ ‎1.A.accelerated B. analyzed C. arranged D. advanced ‎2.A.Although B. Even though C. When D.As if ‎3.A.familiar B. similar C. relative D. same ‎4.A.to B. off C.in D. of ‎5.A.As B. If C. Before D. Though ‎6.A.negative B. positive C. special D. cultural ‎7.A.For example B. At first C. Above all D. In addition ‎8.A.Leaving B. Protecting C. Discovering D. Having ‎9.A.open-minded B. easy-going C. warm-hearted D. hard-working ‎10.A.problems B. opinions C. qualities D. feelings ‎11.A.anyhow B. therefore C. however D. moreover ‎12.A.interesting B. harmful C. fashionable D. trendy ‎13.A.decision B. pressure C. desire D. influence ‎14.A.notice B. forgive C. refuse D. ignore ‎15.A.follow B. work C. worry D. wait ‎16.A.judged B. allowed C. guided D. asked ‎17.A.result B. evidence C. plan D. excuse ‎18.A.training B. moving C. learning D. protecting ‎19.A.punish B. endanger C. respect D. threaten ‎20.A.upset B. dangerous C. normal D. annoying ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何正确应对来自同龄人的压力。‎ ‎8.D "拥有(Having)"在学校中决心好好表现的同龄人会让你也变得更加"勤奋(hard-working)"。‎ ‎9.D 参见上题解析。‎ ‎10.C kind和honest都是人的品质，所以此处填qualities。‎ ‎11.C 上一段讲述的是同龄人相互之间的积极影响，本段讲述的是同龄人相互之间的消极影响，两段之间是转折关系，故填however。‎