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2011届高考英语第一轮复习精品导学案（人教必修一）
Unit 1 Friendship
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. ignore / neglect / overlook
2. cheat / fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
词形
变化
1. ignore vt. 忽视
ignorance n. 无知
ignorant adj.无知的
2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚
dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加
addition n. 加, 附加
additional adj. 添加的;附加的
重点
单词
1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)
2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
5. disagree vt. 不同意
重点
词组
1. add up合计
2. go through 经历；经受
3. on purpose 故意
4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
5. in order to 为了……
重点句子
1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do …
3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
重点语法
直接引语和间接引语 （见语法部分）
语言要点(模块)
Ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. ignore / neglect / overlook
【解释】
ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。
neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
We could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.
2). He utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.
3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.
答案: 1). overlooked 2). ignored 3). neglect
2. cheat / fool
【解释】
cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。
fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案: 1). cheated 2). fool
3. calm / quiet / silent / still
【解释】
calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。
quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。
silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。
still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo.
2). Why do you keep __________?
3). Everything was ___________.
4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.
答案: 1). still 2). silent 3). quiet 4). calm
4. join / join in / take part in / attend
【解释】
join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等
join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事
take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等
attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Can I ___________ the game?
2). Did you ____________ the fighting?
3). He __________ the army last year.
4). A lot of people __________ her wedding.
答案: 1). join in 2). take part in 3). joined 4）attended
Ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. ignore vt. 忽视
ignorance n. 无知
ignorant adj.无知的
2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚
dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
3. add v. 添加; 增加
addition n. 加, 附加
additional adj. 添加的;附加的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) I can't __________ his rudeness any longer. (ignore)
2) To say you were ________ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)
3） We are in complete ___________ of your plans. (ignore)
4） There is ____________ light inside the cave. (dusk)
5） The street lights come on at ____________ and go off at dawn. (dusk )
6） Many words have been ____________ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)
7) They've just had an ____________ to the family. (add)
8) There are _____________ charges. (add)
答案: 1) ignore 2)ignorant 3) ignorance 4) dusky
5) dusk 6) added 7) addition 8) additional
Ⅲ.重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)
[典例]
1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害。
3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
[重点用法]
be upset by… 被…… 打乱
upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼
[练习] 用upset的适当形式填空
1). Is it ______ you, dear?
2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news.
3). Is it an ______ message?
4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK.
答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset
2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
[典例]
1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。
2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。
3). That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。
[重点用法]
as / so far as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about 关心
be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与……有关，参与
[练习] 用concern的适当形式填空
1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs.
答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居，安家；解决
[典例]
1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。
3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。
[重点用法]
settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在…定居
[练习] 中译英
1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.
2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[典例]
1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗?
2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
[重点用法]
suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不适﹑ 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:
[练习] 中译英
1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2).他的脚痛得不得了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
2). He suffers terribly with his feet.
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例]
1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。
2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。
[重点用法]
disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定]
[练习] 中译英
1). 罗马的报道与米兰的不符。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他不同意让我早些回家。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan.
2). He disagreed to let me go home early.
Ⅳ.重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. add up 加起来
[典例]
1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.
把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。
2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?
汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？
[短语归纳]
add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中
add up to … 加起来是
[练习] 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空
1). Will you _____ some more students to this project?
2). Small numbers _____ a large one.
3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
2. go through 经历；经受
[典例]
1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
[短语归纳]
go after追求，追赶 go ahead前进；请说（做）吧
go by走过，（时间）过去 go along with向前，（与……）一起去
go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭
go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升
[练习] 用go 构成的词组填空
1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan.
2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy.
3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
4). I am tired. I want to _____ now.
答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
[典例]
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
[短语归纳]
do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地
[练习]用 purpose的相关词汇填空
1). He didn’t do it ______.
2). What was your ____ ?
答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose
4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
[典例]
1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。
2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？
[短语归纳]
get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利
get away离开，逃离 get down下来；写下，取下
get down to (doing)开始认真干…… get over克服，摆脱
get through通过，做完 get together聚集
[练习] 中译英
1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues?
2). She's got her old job back.
1. in order to… 为了……（可置于句首或句中）
[典例]
1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。
2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。
[短语归纳]
in order that… 以便……（后跟句子） so that…以便……（后跟句子）
so as to为了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）
[练习] 中译英
1． 他早早动身好按时到达。
2． 她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。
答案: 1．He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.
Ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.
妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。
[解释] with复合结构：
with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：
1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。
2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。
3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。
[典例]
1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.
2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：
The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：
With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit
uneasy.
4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：
With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：
With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
With Mr Smith to teach them English next term（= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
[练习] 中译英：
1. 那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 随着冬天的到来，天气越来越冷。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it.
2. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
3. With winter corning, the weather is becoming colder and colder.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐……
[解释] as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做”。
as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
2). 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）
Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。
3). 引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式”。
Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？
4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，“由于，因为”。
As you were not there, I left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。
5) 引导比较状语从句。
She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。
[练习] 中译英
1. 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： 1. As l get older l get more interested in science．
2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat．
3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam．
3. It is/was the…time that… ……第几次……
[解释] that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。
1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.
[练习] 中译英
1. 这是他第二次来中国。
2．这是我第一次举办画展。
——————————————————————————————————————————————
答案： 1. It is the second time that he has come to China.
2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.
课文要点(模块)
Ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Anne Frank is a 1 （犹太的）girl who lived in Netherlands during the World War II. Her family had to 2 or they would be caught by the 3 （德国的)Nazis. During the time in the 4 （隐匿的）place, Anne set down a 5 （系列）of facts in a diary . Anne made her diary her best friend 6 she could tell everything to and in the diary she showed us 7 she 8 （经历）during the war.
答案：1. Jewish 2. hide 3. German 4. hiding 5. series 6. whom 7. what 8. went through/ experienced
Ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
安妮，一个整日躲在家中的犹太女孩，在二战期间坚持写日记。她把日记作为最好的朋友；在日记中她实现了过上正常的生活的渴望。
The story is about Anne_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
答案： Anne , a Jewish girl hiding at home all day round, kept a diary during the World War II . She regarded the diary as her best friend, and in it she revealed her desire for a normal life.
Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： wonder ＋if 表语从句 ＋ so …that从句
【模仿1】我不知道是否因为我的卤莽使得史密夫先生对我这么生气。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I wondered if it was because I was so rude that Mr Smith was so angry with me.
【模仿2】他在想是否因为她的朋友对她很关心所以她的心情才平复下来。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：He wonders whether it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.
2．【原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： It is/was a time when …There is /was a time when…This/That is/was a time when…
【模仿1】我还记得这对他来说是一个艰难的时期，他遭受到了身心的打击。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：I can well remember it was a hard time when he suffered a lot physically and mentally.
【模仿2】在中国历史上,曾经有过一段时期中国鼓励与世界其他国家进行贸易。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：In Chinese history, there was a time when China encouraged trade with the rest of the world.
3. 【原句】It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： It is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事
【模仿1】这是我们第一次面对面地谈论到这件事情。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the first time that we have talked about this issue face to face.
【模仿2】这是他第二次参与怎样解决这个问题的讨论。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：It was the second time that he had joined in the discussion about how to do with the problem.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：215
完成时间：15分钟
难度：***
The recent milk crisis around the country has seen liquid milk sold by three leading companies contaminated (污染) with melamine (三聚氰胺).
Melamine is a chemical that is usually used to make plastics, but is 1 in the food industry. It was put in the milk to make milk appear rich in protein in 2 tests.
Tests of last Thursday showed that products from 22 of the 109 milk food firms have 3 the quality tests of the General administration of Quality supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ( 国家质检总局). 24 of the 1,202 batches批次 of liquid milk were contaminated. Besides Hebeibased Sanlu Group, the firms whose products are contaminated include such 4 giants as the Yili and Mengniu groups. All the bad milk will be 5 and destroyed.
However, scientists were quoted as saying the contamination level in liquid milk did not pose a big threat to people's 6 . Even milk with the highest concentration of melamine is 7 for a 60-kilogram or heavier adult if he or she drinks up to 2 liters a day.
The administration has ordered a thorough investigation into all the firms with 8 and said quality control officers would be sent to all 1,500 dairy farms in the country to carry out 9 .
So next time you buy milk, take a look at its 10 name.
1. A. banned B. encouraged C. added D. admitted
2. A. quantity B. quality C. blood D. industry
3. A. passed B. refused C. stood D. failed
4. A. sports B. jewellery C. dairy D. medicine
5. A. recalled B. transformed C. reevaluated D. replaced
6. A. sight B. brain C. health D. intelligence
7. A. helpful B. harmful C. safe D. normal
8. A. crimes B. conclusions C. possibilities D. problems
9. A. plans B. inspections C. promises D. orders
10. A. brand B. pattern C. label D. edition
答案
1. A 据下文“被三聚氰胺污染的牛奶在质量检查中是不合格的”可知三聚氰胺是禁止在食物中使用的。
2. B 显然这里是指质量检查。
3. D 据上下文及意境可知，这些奶制品在未能通过质检。
4. C 伊利、蒙牛公司是制奶业界的巨头。
5. A 所有问题牛奶将被回收（recall）和销毁。
6. C 这里是整体而言，对人们的健康不会构成威胁，而不是对人体的某个部位。
7. C 既然对人们的健康不会构成威胁，那就是安全了。
8. D 要检查的当然是有问题的牛奶了。
9. B 派出官员对牛奶场进行检查(inspections)。
10. A 下次买牛奶时,记得看一下所购买的品牌(brand)。
2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。
词数：165
完成时间：9分钟
难度：**
Liu Xiang was the first Asian 1 (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. 2 that he became an idol to the young people.
“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic 3 .” said Liu Xiang
in tears, “I am very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese 4 for Asia. My race went 5 (wonderful) from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is 6 amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for 7 their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we 8 run as fast as anybody else.”
Since his return from Athens, Liu Xiang 9 (be) at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. But Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some players, it’s just a job. For me, it’s 10 I love.”
[答案]
本文主要介绍了著名运动员刘翔因夺得110米跨栏冠军而闻名于世。
1. to win 不定式做后置定语。
2. After 刘翔夺得110米跨栏冠军之后，成了年轻人的偶像。
3. record 他打破了记录。
4. but 固定结构。
5. wonderfully 修饰动词应用副词。
6. an 用于元音前。
7. all 他想感激他的教练和朋友们对他的帮助。
8. can 根据句意得知。
9. has been 从句中有since，主语往往用完成时态。
10. what 表语从句的引导词，作love的宾语。
3. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：287
完成时间：7分钟
难度：***
Americans are pound of their variety- and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax- deductible ( 可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
1. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality ___________.
A. still judge a man by his clothes
B. hold the uniform in such high regard
C. enjoy having a professional identity
D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
2. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform ____________.
A. suggests quality work
B. discards his social identity
C. appears to be more practical
D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
3. The chief function of a uniform is to ___________.
A. provide practical benefits to the wearer
B. make the wearer catch the public eye
C. inspire the wearer's confidence in himself
D. provide the wearer with a professional identity
4. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _____________.
A. are usually helpful
B. have little or no individual freedom
C. tend to lose their individuality
D. enjoy greater popularity
5. The best title for this passage would be ____________.
A. Uniforms and Society
B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms
答案：
文章第一段提出制服在美国受欢迎的现象，第二段说了一个主要论点——制服的好处，第三段说的是实际 好处，第四段说的是反对的论点——制服的缺点，第五段说的是实际问题：
1．答案是B．第一段第一句yet转折后面就是答案：Hold．．．in regard和respect是同义转换：
2．答案是久答案对应在第二段，People ．．．expect superior quality．．.。认为穿制服的水平更高。D错在混淆了superior的目标，不是人，而是quality，所以不对：
3．答案是D．在第二段最后，提到制服的主要功能是什么：A是实际的好处，而不是主要功能。
4．答案是C，在第四段。制服的一个主要缺点。
5．答案是n文章的主题是讨论了制服的优缺点。
4. 基础写作
你是李萍，请根据下列表格的提示，你用英语写一篇短文，介绍我国2008北京奥运冠军张怡宁的基本情况。
[写作内容]
姓 名
张怡宁
出生年月
1982年10月5日
出生地
北京
经 历
身高
1.68米
体 重
52kg
1. 6岁开始学习乒乓球。
2. 1999年的45届世乒赛显示非凡的实力，仅负于王楠，获得了亚军。
3. 2004的雅典奥运会上夺取了金牌，并在浙江萧山召开的国际世乒赛上又战胜了王楠，成为乒乓球领域的顶尖高手。
4. 2008届北京奥运会的金牌得主。
[写作要求]
1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 ．
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
[写作向导]
1．时态：张怡宁过去参加比赛的经历应该用一般过去时，对她现在的评论应用一般现在时。
2．可用词汇与句型：the 2004 Athens O1ympic Games 2004雅典奥运会，the 45th Table Tennis World Championships 45届世乒赛，the gold medal金牌。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
I like to introduce a woman Pingpong player to you. Her name is Zhang Yining, who was born in Beijing and is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos, and she began to play table tennis at the age of six. In 1999, she won the second at the 45 th Table Tennis World Championships, only lost to Wang Nan While in the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, she won the first. Moreover she won the women's singles at the ITTF World Cup in Xiaoshan, Jiejiang, where she beat Wang Nan. In fact, she has already become the top of the table tennis field. In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, she beat Wang Nan again and got the gold medal.
Unit 2 English around the world
一、语言要点
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour
2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular
3. especially/ specially
4. a number of / the number of
词形
变化
1. actual adj. 实际的
actually adv. 实际上；事实上
2. base n. 基地；基础
base v. 以……为根据
basic adj. 基本的
3. east n. 东方
eastern adj. 东方的；东部的
重点
单词
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
重点
词组
1. come up走近；上来；提出
2. make use of 利用；使用
3. such as例如；像这种的
4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
5. because of 因为；由于
重点句子
1. Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English?
2. 状语从句中的省略
重点语法
直接引语和间接引语 （见语法部分）
I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour
【解释】
voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行
journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行
travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念
trip: (短途)旅行
tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). It is tiring to take a long _______ by train from Paris to Moscow.
2). The _________ from England to Australia used to take several months.
3). We’ll have time for a ______ to France next weekend.
4). We went on a guided ______ round the castle.
答案: 1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour
2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular
【解释】
frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现
common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的
ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义
general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用
regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). This is a ___________ problem.
2). He often makes ___________ errors of judgment.
3)．Look at the train’s ___________ schedule.
4)．The violinist gave a very ___________ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.
5)．As a ____________ rule I am home by six.
答案: 1). common 2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general
3. especially/ specially
【解释】
especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要
specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Our city is very beautiful, ___________ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。
2). He came here ___________ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。
答案: 1). especially 2). specially
4 a number of / the number of
【解释】
a number of意思是“若干；许多”
the number of意思是“……的数目”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Today ___________ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.
2). ____________ books in the market are in English.
答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. actual adj. 实际的
actually adv. 实际上；事实上
2. base n. 基地；基础
base v. 以……为根据
basic adj. 基本的
3. east n. 东方
eastern adj. 东方的；东部的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) What did he _________ say? (actual)
2) The __________ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)
3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _________. (base)
4）She used her family's history as a _________ for her novel. (base)
5）This novel is ________ on historical facts. (base)
6）He is interested in ________ customs. (determine)
7) The wind is blowing from the __________. (determine)
答案: 1) actually 2) actual 3) basic 4) base
5) based 6) eastern 7) east
Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
[典例]
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). Were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
at present/ at the present time目前
be present at出席
present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.
2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
[典例]
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制…
be at one’s command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
[练习] 用适当的介词填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[典例]
1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
at sb's request/at the request of sb应某人之请求
by request (of sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求:
on request 一经要求:
request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事:
[练习] 中译英。
1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 请不要吸烟。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.
2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是
[练习] 中译英
1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.
2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
[典例]
1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
[练习] 中译英
1).我的领带系得正不正?
2). 一直往前看。
答案: 1). Is my tie straight?
2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
[典例]
1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块
block out 堵住
block off 封锁；封闭
block up 堵塞；阻碍
[练习] 中译英
1). 他们在绕楼群散步。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
Ⅳ重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. come up走近；上来；提出
[典例]
1). The little by came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.
小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。
2). We won’t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.
我们不会忘记那天我们一块在泰山顶看日出。
3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.
这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。
4). The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。
5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。
[短语归纳]
come across邂逅 come about发生
come at向…扑来,攻击 come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是 come up with想出
come round 绕道而来 come down落下,塌下
[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。
1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him.
2). The magazine __________ once a month.
3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday.
4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.
5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.
答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over 4). come up with 5). came across
2. make use of 利用；使用
[典例]
1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。
[短语归纳]
make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
[练习]
1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.
2). We will make good use of her talents.
3. such as例如；像这种的
[典例]
1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.
有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌
2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了
[练习] 用such as或for example填空
1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda.
2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales in France, ________.
答案: 1) such as 2). For example
4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
[典例]
1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。
2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
[短语归纳]
take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物
the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）:
for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半
for my part就我来说
[练习] 中译英
1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?
2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.
1. because of 因为；由于
[典例]
1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。
[短语归纳]
because of 是复合介词。
because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。
[练习] 中译英
1). 因为腿受伤了，他走得很慢。
2). 因为错过了公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。
————————————————————————————————————————————————
答案:1). He walked slowly because of his injured leg. / He walked slowly because his leg was injured.
2). We had to walk home because of missing the bus. / We had to walk because we missed the bus.
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?
[解释]do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。
What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？
What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？
你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？
Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？
2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
[解释] than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：
The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。
[练习] 中译英
1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。
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2). 雨下得比以前更大。
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答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before.
2). It's raining harder than ever before.
课文要点（模块）
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
At the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people 1 (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language.
3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English
sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled by the French.
Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who 7 (large) the English 8 (词汇) ; the other was Noah Webster, 9 wrote a dictionary 10 gave American English its own identity.
答案：1.speaking 2. as 3. The 4. or 5. based 6. because 7.enlarged
8.vocabulary 9. who 10. that/which
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
这篇课文讲述了英语的发展史。 英语随着时间的流逝而发生了变化，全世界的人们都说英语。
The passages shows us _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passages shows us a history of the development of English. English has changed over time and it is spoken all over the world.
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.和你的同学一起列出把英语作为官方语言的国家。
[模仿要点] 句子结构
【模仿1】请用这些词，造一个句子来描述你心中的想法。
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答案：With these words, please make up a sentence that can describe what you feel in your mind.
【模仿2】他用了各种色彩，画一幅画显示了他家乡的变化。
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答案：With different colors, he painted a picture that showed the change of his hometown..
2．【原句】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as south Africa. 在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。
[模仿要点] 列举三者以上事物的表达
【模仿1】下课后我喜欢去踢足球，打篮球和参加一些有趣的活动如唱歌跳舞
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答案：After class I like to play football and basketball and take part in some interesting activities such as dancing and singing.
【模仿2】在英国旅游期间，我们参考了博物馆，城堡和一些名胜如一些公园和花园。
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答案：During the tour in the UK, we visited museums, castles and some places of interest such as some parks and gardens.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：216
完成时间：15分钟
难度：****
For the past weeks, Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), had been swept with anger. Tens of thousands of people 21 by candlelight with banners，saying "Mad cow drives us mad.”About 1000,000 people filled the streets to 22 the government's beef import from the United States.
Several countries had 23 imports from America following a case of mad cow disease in 2003. But in April the ROK's government agreed to continue the 24 .
The protests soon grew into a 25 one against President Lee Myung-bak's polices on everything from democracy to 26 reform.
Last December when Lee won the election he was thought by people in the country as a(n) 27 leader who could save the ROK from 28 economic growth and cold ties with the United States. Since taking office, Lee opened doors for foreign companies, and reformed the teaching of English. He also became the first leader to be invited to the US presidential retreat of Camp David. The night before his visit, he agreed to lift the ban on American beef to show his eagerness to 29 ties.
But this time, his people felt he had gone too far. "What he did was little different from an old Korean king offering tribute to a Chinese emperor,' said Kim Spooky, who joined the protest with her two children. "It's 30 .
21. A. fought B. marched C. celebrated D. sang
22. A. protect B. support C. protest D. defend
23. A. stopped B. continued C. restricted D. controlled
24. A. exportation B. production C. importation D. sale
25. A. fiercer B. broader C. narrower D. stronger
26. A. laws B. customs C. trade D. education
27. A. wise B. violent C. cruel D. aggressive
28. A. steady B. proper C. healthy D. low
29. A. destroy B. rebuild C. break D. value
30. A. persuasive B. controversial C. ashamed D. impressive
答案：
21. B。据语境及下文“1000,000 people filled the streets”可知人们上节游行
22. C。据上文“Mad cow drives us mad”可知人们对政府从美国进口牛肉表示抗议
23. A。据下文“following a case of mad cow disease”可知几个国家早就停止了从美国进口牛肉
24. C。据关键词“But”和“continue”可知答案是importation
25. B。据下文可知抗议的范围已从“反对政府从美国进口牛肉”延伸到“ 反对总统的各种政策，所以范围变宽了。
26. D。据下文“reform the teaching of English”可只答案是“教育”的改革
27. A。他既然赢得竞选，当初在人民心中的印象自然不差
28. D。据语境“save the ROK”可知答案
29. B。据上文“save the ROK from cold ties with the United States.”和“agreed to lift the ban on American beef”可知李现在是急于与美国重建关系
30. C。据段意见可知人们认为李这样做是令人感到羞耻的。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：175
完成时间：9分钟
难度：***
In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 31 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 32 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct.
There is no easy way to success 33 language learning. 34 good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 36 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 37 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 38 (advise) for those 39 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 40 (write) the language whenever we can.
[答案]
本文主要讲述了学习英语的一些好的方法。
31. it 指代前面的foreign language。
32. Thirdly 根据上下文得知这是第三点。
33. in 在语言学习方面没有容易取得成功的办法。
34. A 好的记忆力有助于学习，memory为可数名词。
35. to memorize 不定式作真正主语。
36. their 指代前面的words。
37. If 前后是条件关系。
38. advice 一条建议，此处应用名词。
39. who 引导定语从句，先行词是those。
40. writing 练习做某事应用practise doing sth。
Unit 2 book 3
No 1 p 19
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：387
完成时间：7分钟
难度：**
One summer my friend and I decided to go to Italy for a holiday and we decided to travel there without going through a travel agency. You know, you would be submerged (淹没) in crowds of tourists and lose lots of opportunities to get familiar with the country more closely. We started to think over our trip and managed to come up with a free tour of Italy.
The trip was not very long but it was still very impressive. We look forward to going there again! Of course, we spent lots of time arranging the trip, but it was well worth it! Of course I was afraid that something would go wrong and I was especially anxious about my visa, but everything went quite smoothly in the end.
The most difficult part was getting a visa without an invitation. In the Italian consulate(领事馆),
one must hand in some official paper proving that one has a hotel booked for oneself in order to get the visa. Then we had to solve the ticket problem. Airlines often sell cheap tickets and we bought ours far in advance. The next step was to book a hotel. We finally booked a hotel about thirty km away from the heart of Rome and it was the perfect choice for our trip.
Every day we took a train that carried us to the heart of Rome. Our big house, which was surrounded by the forest, was a rare girl for the fresh air and absolute silence, beautiful views, hospitable (好客的) hosts, comfortable living conditions delighted us to no end. Besides this, we were very lucky that our mistress was Russian. She gave us a lot of advice that was of great use. She told us what transport to choose and where the best places to go.
Don’t be afraid to arrange your trip by yourself. It’s not difficult! The only thing I'll say right now is that we really enjoyed traveling by ourselves. We walked with a map and a guide-book to wherever we wanted and we even met some of our fellow countrymen on the way just two or three times. So, if you're also planning a "single" trip, don't forget to take a Russian-Italian phrasebook as people in Italy prefer to speak in their native tongue.
41. Why does the author want to go to Italy again?
A. He had a great time there.
B. Italy has a lot of attractions.
C. His friend invited him there.
D. He didn't stay in Italy long enough.
42. What does the author think was the hardest in preparing for his Italian trip?
A. Buying cheap airline tickets to Italy before the traveling
B. Getting a visa without an invitation from the Italian consulate.
C. Booking a comfortable hotel on his own in Rome.
D. Solving the ticket problem far in advance.
43. In the fourth paragraph the author mainly explains
A. the reason why he chose to live in the center of Rome
B. the reason why the hotel he booked was the right choice
C. what transport they chose to travel in their Italian trip
D. the reason why the mistress gave them some advice
44. Which of the following questions has NOT been answered in the passage?
A. Why did the author decide to go to Italy for a holiday for the first time?
B. Why did the author decide not to follow a travel agency?
C. How did the author prepare for his trip?
D. What tools did the author use for his traveling?
45. From the text we can know the author
A. enjoys traveling everywhere in the world
B. likes being accompanied by tour guides
C. advises us to arrange trips by ourselves
D. met with a lot of his countrymen in Italy
[答案]
本文是一篇游记，讲述了作者和他的朋友自己策划的意大利之行。文章介绍了旅游前的准备工作，如自己取得签证，还有意大利的住宿条件，突出了自己策划意大利之游的优点以及感受。
41．A。 原因判断题。根据第二段 “The trip was not very long but it was still very impressive.
We look forward to going there again!”结合第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“The only thing I’ll say right now is that we really enjoyed traveling by ourselves.”可知，意大利之行他们玩得很尽兴，给他们留下了深刻的印象，所以想再去意大利，因此选A。
42．B。 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“The most difficult part was getting a visa without an invitation.”可知，最难的事情是在没有邀请函的情况下向意大利大使馆申请签证，因此选择B。A、C、D虽然文中都涉及到了，但是都不符合题干。
43．B。 段落大意题。根据第四段对旅馆周围环境、交通情况以及该旅馆的好处的介绍，可知作者在第四段主要讲对旅馆满意的原因。
44．A。 主旨大意题。文章第一段第二句讲述了他们不愿意随旅行社出游的原因，B项提到了；文章第二、三两段讲述作者怎么去准备他的出行的，所以Ｃ项提到了；根据最后一段的“We walked with a map and a guide-book to wherever we wanted…”可知Ｄ项提到了。纵观全文，作者并没有提到他为什么去意大利旅游的原因。
45．C。 推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段说不想在旅游团的拥挤的人群中，也不想错过更多亲近意大利的机会，以及最后一段的“Don’t be afraid to arrange your trip by yourself.”可以推断出应该选择C。其余选项没有依据。
4读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
CCTV.com News: The rescue was still going on at the small town after the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, West China. The rescue teamers made their efforts to rescue the victims buried in the ruins. They found four school kids were under a teacher's desk and the teacher placed himself to the side of the desk without boards, protecting his students from harm. When the firefighters tried to take the teacher's hands away, they failed.., the teacher held the desk terribly firmly. Everyone on the spot cried. The teacher would rather give his life to protect his school kids and give the living chances to them. Everyone has the right to live, but the teacher chose to give the living chances to his lovely students.
[写作内容]
你的英语老师在上英语写作课时，要求同学们根据老师提供的英语新闻报道，谈谈对四川汶川地震的一些人与事的感想。请你以“Greatest Love is Unselfish”为题，准备一篇发言稿，内容包括以下内容：
1．以约30个词概括这篇新闻报道；
2．以约120个词，请就“大爱无私”的话题写一篇英语短文，表达你内心的感受，并包括如下要点：
1)你看完这个故事后，你如何评价这位老师的无私行为；为什么?
2)你的感想。
[写作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：自然灾害natural disasters，保护 protect／protection，奉献某A的生命devote one' s life to doing sth,努力做某事make one' s efforts to do sth，救某生命save one ' s life.
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：The rescue teamers made their efforts to rescue the victims buried in the ruins. They found four school kids were under a teacher's desk and the teacher placed himself to the side of the desk without boards, protecting his students from harm. / but the teacher chose to give the living chances to his lovely students.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是讨论你看完这个故事后，你如何评价这位老师的无私行为以及你的想法，属于是评论性文字和结论性的观点，故用一般现在时或一般将来时态。
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
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[答案]
Greatest Love is Unselfish
During Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province, a rescue team found a teacher, dead for hours, and four school kids, safe with the protection of the teacher. And the teacher's greatest love gave everyone a great shock.
A very ordinary teacher would rather give his life to save and protect his students, for he knew that he was a teacher and should protect his students, As we know, when the disaster broke out, all the teachers in this earthquake area made their efforts to help and save their students, and this noble act shows that greatest love is unselfish. Facing natural disasters, sometimes we human beings may feel too weak, but just at this very moment, we will try everything to help others, even devote our lives to doing that.
After reading the news story, I was moved to tears. Greatest love is unselfish. The teacher's action illustrates our kind teachers' greatest love to their students.
Unit 3 Travel journal
语言要点
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. finally/at last/in the end
2. across/through/over
3. persuade / advise
4. beneath / under / below
词形
变化
1. organize vt. 组织
organized adj. 有组织的
organization n. 组织
2. wool n. 羊毛
woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的
3. determine v. 决定
determined adj. 坚决的
determination n. 决心; 坚定性
重点
单词
1. prefer v. 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
2. persuade v. 说服；劝说
3. insist v. 坚持
4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心
重点
词组
1. care about 关心，在乎 go through 经历；经受
2. give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
3. change one’s mind 改变主意
重点句子
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。（强调句）
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。
重点语法
现在进行时表示将来 （见语法部分）
I 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. finally/at last/in the end
【解释】
finally 有两个意思，一是在按顺序列举事物或论点时引出最后一项内容，“最后，末了”；二是表示“在经过很长时间之后才，终于。” 另外，finally 一般位于动词前。
at last强调经过一番努力
in the end强调经过许多困难、变化之后，事情才发生
at last和in the end 同finally 的第二个意思
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The war lasted four years before the North won _______________.
2). Your idea will turn out right _________.
3). ______, I want to thank you for helping me.
Keys: 1). in the end/ at last 2). in the end 3). Finally
2. across/through/over
【解释】
across 表示从表面上横穿，横跨
through 表示穿过空间内部
over 表示“越过”，指从较高物体的一侧到另一侧
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great
deserts.
Keys: over…through…across
3. persuade / advise
【解释】
persuade 指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。强调劝说已收到成效。
advise 并不涉及是否有成效
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Some of us ________ him to change his mind but no one could _________ him to do so.
Keys: 1). advised…persuade
4. beneath / under / below
【解释】
beneath 书面用词，指紧挨……之下
under 普通用词，指在某物的正下方
below 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方， 所指范围较宽
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Write your name _______ the line.
2). They found the body buried a pile of leaves.
3). They stood ________ a big tree.
Keys: 1). below 2). beneath 3). under
II 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. organize vt. 组织
organized adj. 有组织的
organization n. 组织
2. wool n. 羊毛
woolen adj. 毛纺的; 纯毛的
3. determine v. 决定
determined adj. 坚决的
determination n. 决心; 坚定性
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) He's involved in the _______ of a new club. (organize)
2) She’s a highly ________ person. (organize)
3）She _______ the class into four groups. (organize)
4）These goats are specially bred for their _______. (wool)
5）Those are _______ blankets (wool)
6）His father is a leader with courage and _________. (determine)
7) She will ________ how it is to be done. (determine)
8) I'm ________ to succeed. (determine)
Keys: 1) organization 2) organized 3) organized 4) wool
5) woolen 6) determination 7) determine 8) determined
Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. prefer v. （preferred/preferring） 更喜欢，选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
[典例]
1). I prefer dogs to cats. 猫狗之中我更喜欢狗。
2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我宁愿讲实话而不愿说谎。
3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我们的婚礼推迟到下个月？
[重点用法]
prefer sth../doing prefer A to B
prefer doing A to doing B prefer (sb.) to do (rather than do)
prefer that-clause
[练习] 中译英
1). 比起乘坐拥挤的公共汽车，他宁愿骑自行车。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 玛丽更愿意我在外面等她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
2). Mary prefers me to wait for her outside.
2. persuade v. 说服；劝说
[典例]
1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我们说服了他接受这份工作。
2). My mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party.
妈妈最终说服我不参加这次聚会。
3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity？ 我如何能让你相信我是真诚的？
4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我几乎相信了他是诚实的。
[重点用法]
persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 劝阻某人做某事
persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade that-clause 使某人相信...
[练习] 中译英
1）他正试图说服他的朋友放弃抽烟。
2) 我们使亨利相信是他错了。
3) 我几乎相信他是诚实的。
Key：1) He is trying to persuade his friends to give up smoking.
2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
3. insist v. 坚持
[典例]
You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要坚持，你就稍后再来吧。
[重点用法]
insist on/upon sth./( sb’s) doing 坚持某事/要求（某人）做某事
I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然坚持我的观点。
He insisted on paying for the meal. 他坚持要付饭钱。
Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。
[练习] 选择填空
1). The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
2). I insist that a doctor _______ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
3). Some people insisted that the person _____ a thief and insisted that he _____ to the police station.
A. was; be taken B. was, would be taken
C. should be; should be taken D. be; be taken
Keys: 1). C 2). D 3). A
4. determine v. 决定；确定；下定决心
[典例]
1). Attitude determines everything. 态度决定一切。
2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我们决定立刻去火车站。
3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最终下决心嫁给他的。
4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那个人犯了抢劫罪。
[重点用法]
determine on/upon (doing) sth. determine + n.
determine to do sth. determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事
determine + that-clause
adj. be determined to do sth.
[练习] 中译英
1). 你决定好暑假做什么了吗？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她决心要上哈佛大学。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays?
2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. care about 关心，在乎
[典例]
1). The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的东西就是金钱。
2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人应该互相关心。
[短语归纳]
care for 喜欢（多用于否定、疑问句）；照顾
I don’t care for coffee. 我不喜欢喝咖啡。
Could you help care for my child when I am out？ 我外出时能帮忙照顾下我的孩子吗？
[练习] 中译英
1). 她关心的只是她的社交活动。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他深深地爱着她。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). All she cares about is her social life.
2). He cares for her deeply.
2. give in 屈服，让步，投降；上交
[典例]
1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于无法说服我，他不得不认输。
2). It’s time to give in your examination papers. 到了交试卷的时间了。
[短语归纳]
give in (to sb./sth.) 向…让步 give up sth./doing 放弃（做）某事
give away 赠送；泄露 give back 归还；恢复
give off 放出，散发(光、热、烟、气味等) give over 交付
give out vt. 分配；分发；发布 vi.（食物，燃料，电力等）用光；筋疲力尽
[练习] 用 give 构成的短语的适当形式填空。
1). When will the food supplied of our enemy________.
2). He intended to________ a large amount of money to the Project Hope.
3). Because of his low salary, he had to _________ his dream trip to Europe.
Keys: 1). give out 2). give away 3). give up
3. change one’s mind 改变主意
make up one’s mind (to do) 下定决心（做某事）
[典例]
1). Maybe you’ll change your mind after thinking it over. 也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。
2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已经下定决心，不管你说什么我都不会改主意了。
[短语归纳]
与mind 有关的常用短语
have a/no mind to do 有/无意做
lose one’s mind 失去理智
read one’s mind 看出某人的心思
speak one’s mind 直言不讳
be of the same mind 意见一致
be in/of two minds 拿不定主意
give one’s mind to 注意…
keep one’s mind on 专心于…
take one’s mind off sth. 转移某人的注意力
bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事
bring/call sth. to mind 回忆某事
put sb. in mind of sth. 使某人想起某事
[练习] 中译英
1). 我决心当医生。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 任何事情都不能使我改变主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). I've made up my mind to be a doctor.
2). Nothing will make me change my mind.
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河骑车旅游的是我姐姐。
[解释] 强调句型 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分。被强调部分可以是原句的主语、宾语、状语、从句。
强调主语：
It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are.
关键是你的工作能力而不是你从哪来或你是谁。
强调宾语：
It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把这张票给了麦克。
强调时间状语：
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
大约600年前，第一个有钟面和时针的钟诞生了。
强调地点状语：
It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn.
布鲁克林是贝克汉姆和维多利亚第一次相遇的地方，所以他们给第一个儿子取名布鲁克林。
强调从句：
It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。
[练习] 中译英
1). 我把这张票给了麦克。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 医生之所以决定为他动手术，是因为他病情危险。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to.
2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him.
2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.
[解释]insist + that-clause
insist 意为“坚持要求（做某事）”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用should do的形式, should可省略；而insist 意为“坚持认为，坚持某种观点”时，宾语从句的动词时态根据具体的语境变化，不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. 他坚持认为自己没有犯错。
The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考虑，护卫人员坚决要求总统远离人群。
suggest (建议)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，request (请求)，order (命令)等动词的宾语从句也常用 “(should) do” 表示虚拟语气。
[练习] 中译英
1). 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他反应冷淡表明他并不喜欢这个主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right.
2). His cool response suggested that he didn't like the idea.
课文要点（模块）
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Wang Kun and his sister Wang wei had a dream 1 taking a bike trip along the Mekong River. They began their trip from 2 it begins to where it ends. Wang Wei was so stubborn that 3 she was 4 ( 决心) to do something , nothing could 5 her mind. So though Wang Kun had different idea about the trip but he had to give 6 .
The Mekong River begins at a glacier on a Tibetan mountain 7 an altitude of more than 5,000 metres. It passes 8 deep valleys, 9 (travel) 10 western Yunnan Province and finally flows into the South China Sea.
答案：1. of/about 2. where 3. once 4. determined 5. change 6. in 7. with 8. through 9. traveling 10. across
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
王昆和他的姐姐沿着媚公河骑自行车游览。他们对媚公河的地理环境和沿途风景作了详尽的描写。
The passage is about_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The passage is about Wang Kun and his sister cycling along the Mekong River and they gave a detailed description of the river including its geographical situation and the scenery along the river.
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到要沿着湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
[模仿要点] 句子结构： 强调句 It is /was + 强调部分+ that/who…
【模仿1】正是树的绿荫保护我们免于太阳的照射，使我们精力更加充沛。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is the green shade from the trees that protect us from the sun, making us feel more energetic.
【模仿2】一直到奥运会在中国举行，世界才充分领略了中国文化的魅力。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is not until the 29th Olympic Games were hosted in China that the world completely experience the charm of Chinese culture.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：定语从句where 的用法
【模仿3】他在他出生和成长的地方投资了一家车厂，年产10万汽车
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：He invested a car factory where he was born and grew up, which produced 10,000 cars per year.
【模仿4】在很难找到食物的地方就没有什么鸟能长年栖息.
____________________________________________________________________________________
答案：Where food is hard to find, few birds remain throughout the year.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：217
完成时间：15分钟
难度：***
When it’s 10:15 in New York, it’s 9:15 in Salt Lake City, and 7:15 in San Francisco – isn’t it? This consistent and orderly time system, based on a grid of time 21 , seems so natural that people 22 give it a moment’s thought. So you may find it surprising to learn that prior to the late 1800s each community 23 its own time – by looking at the sun. When the sun shone directly overhead in Washington, D.C., for example, it was 12:00 noon there; up the road in Philadelphia, 24 , it was 12:07, and in Boston it was 12:24. To measure time with absolute accuracy, it is necessary to move the clock about one minute for every twelve miles of distance; so according to “sun time” your pocket watch would be slightly 25 if you ventured only a few miles down the road.
It was not until the advent of widespread railroad travel that a need 26 for 27 time. At one point over 300 local times were honored within the 28 , making it literally impossible for trains to arrive consistently on time 29 . As a result, in 1883 the continental United States was divided into four time longitude. The standardization resulting from this system 30 so helpful that in 1884 the International Meridian Conference applied the same procedure to establish time zones around the world.
21. A. areas B. districts C. zones D. divisions
22. A. usually B. never C. only D. rarely
23. A. made B. established C. arranged D. founded
24. A. however B. therefore C. meanwhile D. by contrast
25. A. different B. wrong C. incorrect D. mistaken
26. A. arrived B. raised C. happened D. arose
27. A. regularized B. organized C. corrected D. standardized
28. A. state B. county C. world D. country
29. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
30. A. was proved B. has been proved C. was proving D. proved
[答案]
21. C. 时区time zone, 是固定词组。
22. D. 人们习以为常了，所以很少想到它，选rarely, 经常想起、从不想起和只想起它都不合理。
23. B. 句意应为每个地区都确立自己的时间，只有establish可以表示建立制度。
24. A.根据上下文可判断出此处为转折对比关系， 而by contrast 表示相反的对比，所以选however。
25. C. 根据“太阳时”，只要离开几英里，表就会有一些不准，而不是不同、错误或误解。
26. D. 需要出现应该搭配的动词是arise。
27. A. 是需要调整时间，而不是使时间有组织、改变或标准化。
28. D. 根据上下文，是在美国境内有300多个地区时。
29. A. 根据文意，火车不可能在每个地方都准时，所以选everywhere, 和impossible 构成部分否定。
30. D．该系统被证明很帮助，应该用prove的主动形式，时态用一般过去时。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：147
完成时间：8分钟
难度：**
Usually male butterflies are more brightly colored than the female. The female have bigger and heavier bodies, 31 they carry the eggs. The bright colors of the male help to attract the female, and the duller colors of the female make them 32 likely to be caught by enemies before they 33 (lay) their eggs. 34 butterflies have a bright pattern colors on the upper surface of their wings which are shown 35 flying. But when they rest on a tree or 36 (leaf) they close their wings. On the undersides of their wings there are green and brown marks 37 look like the tree or leaves. They are then difficult to 38 (see).
Many butterflies have round marks on their wings that look like eyes. When they are resting, their wings are closed, and these cannot be seen When a bird sees 39 , and begins to attack it, the butterfly 40 open its wings. The bird thinks that it sees two eyes staring at it, and so it is frightened, and flies away.
[答案]
31．since 32．1ess 33．have laid 34．Some 35．when／while 36．leaves 37．which／that 38．be seen 39．one 40．would
31．since，“由于，既然”表原因。
32．1ess，从上下文可知此处是“雌飞蛾的较死板的颜色使她们在产完卵之前较少有可能被敌人抓住”。
33．have laid，由before可知考查动词的现在完成时态。
34．Some，不定代词，“一些”。
35．when／while，when／while+ving分词相当于由when引导的时间状语从句，“正在飞时”。
36．leaves，leaf的复数形式是leaves。
37．which／that，关系代词，引导限制性定语从句?
38．be seen，考查动词不定式的被动语态，意为“然后他们很难被看见”。
39．one，不定代词，指代任意一只butterfly。
40．would，表一种必然的动作或经常的动作。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：334
完成时间：7分钟
难度：***
Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.
A technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the Kazakh steppes ( 大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.
"During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere," Yi said.
"At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too."
Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Sovietera cosmonaut training centre on the edge of Moscow. However, Malenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South Korea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.
"In fact, they are the heroes right now," Yi said, referring to Malenchenko and Whitson. "I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero." She did, though, relate a more light-hearted incident on the ISS.
"I sang 'Fly Me to the Moon" Yi said about the 1950s pop song. "It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut."
The capsule's so-called "ballistic" re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.
Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.
"The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed," she said.
In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying Malaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.
The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule. An early version of the craft, the Vostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.
Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.
41. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Flight in space is very dangerous
B. Not everybody can go into space
C. Fearful landing tests the Korean astronaut
D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young
42. The reason why Yi Suo-yeon felt afraid at first was that __________.
A. a fire was caused by the friction
B. she had no such experience before
C. she was not brave enough
D. the other two didn't help her
43. From the passage, we can learn that __________.
A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South Korea
B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth
C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent
D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history
44. The underlined phrase in this passage means __________.
A. out of work B. out of control C. in the wrong direction D. in danger
45. We can conclude from this passage that __________.
A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety
B. Yi Suo-yeon will never return to the space station
C. people are not willing to experience the space flight
D. we should draw a lesson from the accident
[答案]
本文讲述Yi Suo-yeon与另外两名宇航员在太空站11天后返回的不平凡经历。
41. C。主旨大意题。令人恐惧的着陆让进入太空的韩国宇航员经受了一次考验。
42. B。细节理解题。根据第六段推理得出, Yi开始时恐惧的原因是以前没有过这种经历。
43. C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判断得出答案。
44. C。词意猜测题。off course偏离轨道。
45. A。推理判断题。有上下文推理可得:飞行员的经验在旅途中能够对安全起很大作用。
4写作训练
请根据下列信息，用英语写一篇关于2008年诺贝尔奖化学奖得主华人科学家钱永健教授的简介
[写作内容] 钱永健教授的简介提示：
姓名：钱永健
国籍：美国
出生年月：1952年
出生地：纽约
获奖及
相关情况：
2008年诺贝尔化学奖，其研究为生物和医学试验带来革命。其父亲是名机械工程师，堂叔是我国著名科学家钱学森。钱永健教授是自诺贝尔奖颁发逾100多年来，第七位获诺贝尔奖的华人科学家。
教育及
工作经历：
16岁获“少年诺贝尔奖” ，20岁，在哈佛大学获得物理和化学学士学位，现供职美国加州大学圣迭戈分校化学及药理系。
[写作要求]
1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容：
2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
[写作向导]
1．时态：人物介绍应根据人物不同时期做的事情来使用不同的时态。
2．可用词汇与句型：the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for2008诺贝尔化学奖，Roger Y. Tsien 钱永健教授，
Harvard University哈佛大学，University of California San Diego School美国加州大学圣迭戈分校。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
Roger Y. Tsien, A Nobel Prize Winner For 2008
Roger Y. Tsien, born in New York in 1952, is a Chinese American who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008. His research has brought a revolution to the research and experiments on biology and medicine. His uncle is Xue Sen Tsien, a great Chinese famous scientist. Roger Y. Tsien is the seventh Chinese American scientist who is a Nobel Prize winner in the over-100-year history of the prize. At the age of 16, he got the Nobel Prize for Youngsters in USA. Later, he studied in Harvard University and got bachelor degrees of chemistry and physics at the age of 20 there. He has been working at the department of Chemistry & Medicine in University of California San Diego School.
Unit 4 Earthquakes
语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. congratulate / celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
3. rise / raise / lift
4. hurt / injure / wound
词形
变化
1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓
frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民
national adj. 民族的；国家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头
suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
重点
单词
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
2. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
3. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
4. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
重点
词组
1. right away 立刻，马上
2. at an end 结束，终结
3. instead of 代替，而不
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
重点句子
1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
2. All hope was not lost.
重点语法
定语从句 （见语法部分）
I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. congratulate / celebrate
【解释】
congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。
celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I _________ you on your success.
2). We held a party to __________ our success..
答案: 1). congratulate 2). celebrate
2. destroy / ruin / damage / harm
【解释】
destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击
的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). You may get _________ in that shop.
2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time.
答案: 1). cheated 2). fool
3. rise / raise / lift
【解释】
rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。
raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。
lift 语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). She ________ her eyes from her work.
2). __________ me up, mummy---I can’t see.
3). The plane was then able to ________ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.
答案: 1). raised 2). Lift 3). rise
4. hurt / injure / wound
【解释】
hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。
injure 比hurt正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.
wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The soldier was ______ in the arm in the war.
2). She was _______ slightly in an accident during the work.
3). I was very much _______ at his words.
答案: 1). wounded 2). injured 3). hurt
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓
frightened n. 受惊的；受恐吓的
frightening adj.令人恐惧的
2. nation n. 民族；国家；国民
national adj. 民族的；国家的
3. suffer v. 受苦; 吃苦头
suffering n. 苦难；痛苦
sufferer n.受苦者; 受难者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) He’s travelled to the ________ of Western Europe. (nation)
2) We are talking about _________ and international issues. (nation)
3） ___________ children were calling for their mothers.. (frighten)
4） The child __________to death by the violent thunderstorm. (frighten)
5） It is even _________ to think of the horrors of nuclear war. (frighten)
6） We ________ huge losses in the financial crisis. (suffer)
7) They’re arthritis __________. (suffer)
8) There is so much __________ in this world. (suffer)
答案: 1) nations 2) national 3) Frightened 4) was frightened
5) frightening 6) suffered 7) sufferers 8) suffering
Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. burst v.&n. 爆裂, 爆发, 突然破裂
[典例]
1).The red balloon suddenly burst. 那个红色的气球突然爆了。
2). The police burst through the door. 警察破门而入。
3). On hearing the news, Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.
一听到这则消息，Leslie突然大笑，而Tracy则突然大哭起来。
4). A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.
歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。
[重点用法]
burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑
burst into tears = burst out crying 突然大哭
[练习] 中译英
1). 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 太阳突然从云端里露出来。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.
2). The sun burst through the clouds.
2. rescue n.&vt. 援救，营救
[典例]
1). The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
2). The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.
营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。
3). Michael rescued a boy from drowning. 迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。
[重点用法]
rescue sb./ sth. from sb./ sp. 把……..从……营救出来
come to/ go to sb’s rescue = rescue sb. 援救某人 a rescue team 救援队
a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员
[练习] 用rescue的适当形式填空
1). The mother, along with her two children, _________from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
2). The firemen ________ five children from the burning house yesterday.
答案: 1). has been rescued 2). rescued
3. judge n.&v. 法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计
[典例]
1). His father used to be a judge. 他的父亲过去是一名法官。
2). She's a good judge of wine. 她是鉴别酒的专家。
3). The blind can’t judge colors. 盲人无法判断颜色。
4). Don’t judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。
[重点用法]
judge sb./ sth. by/from 通过……判断……
as far as I judge 我认为
judging from… 从……来看， 根据……判断
[练习] 用与judge相关的词汇填空
1). ______his appearance, he must be a rich man.
2). _______ , he must be from the south.
答案: 1). Judging 2). In her judgment
4. ruin v.&n. 毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）
[典例]
1). The hurricane ruined all the houses here. 飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。
2). He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。
[重点用法]
be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空
ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb. to ruin 使毁灭
[练习] 中译英
1). 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 那教堂已破败不堪。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The building is in ruins.
2). The church has fallen into ruin.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. right away 立刻，马上
[典例]
1).I’ll return the book to you right away. 我会马上还书给你。
2). If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.
如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。
[短语归纳]
“立刻，马上”的表达方式：
right away，right now，at once，immediately， in no time
[练习] 中译英
1). 请立刻把它打印出来。
答案: 1). I want it typed right away, please.
2. at an end 结束，终结（= finished）
[典例]
1). The war was finally at an end. 战争终于结束了。
[短语归纳]
与end搭配的常用短语
at the end of 在……末尾 by the end of 在……末为止
in the end 最后，终于 at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态
make ends meet 收支相抵
[练习] 用at the end of, by the end of 和 in the end填空。
1). How many English words have you learned ____________ last term?
2). He became an outstanding doctor ___________.
3). My uncle will fly to China _________ this year.
答案: 1). by the end of 2). in the end 3). at the end of
3. instead of 代替，而不是
[典例]
1). The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks. 中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。
2). Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time. 杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。
3). She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.
她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
[短语归纳]
instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。
instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不……”。
in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而instead of则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。
take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。
[练习] 单项选择。
1). Tractors _____________ horses in many places.
A. in place of B. have taken the place of C. instead D. instead of
2). You should be out playing ___________ working indoors all day.
A. in spite of B. take the place of C. instead D. instead of
答案:
1). B 2). D
4. tens of thousands of 数以万计的
[典例]
1). Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.
[短语归纳]
hundreds of数百的 hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的
thousands of数千的 millions of数百万的
dozens of许多； 大量 scores of 许多； 大量
[练习] 选择填空
1). Every year ________ foreign visitors come to China.
A. tens of thousands of B. ten thousands of
C. over ten thousands D. thousands upon thousands
2). There were ____________ people in the hall.
A. two scores of B. scores of
C. two and score D. two scores
答案: 1). A 2). B
V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。
[解释] 这句话中的looking for places to hide 是作ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when, while引出。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。
（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。
（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。
（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。
（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：
His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
[练习] 中译英
1). 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
2). Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.
2. All hope was not lost. 并不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[解释]All the students do not know how to deal with the problem. = Not all the students know how to deal with the problem. 并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。
I don’t know all of them. 我并不认识他们所有的人。
表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容 “all, both, every, everybody, always” 等和否定副词not连用时表部分否定, 而“none, neither, nobody, nothing” 等表完全否定。如：
Everyone doesn’t like the story. = Not everyone likes the story.
并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。
Nobody likes the story. 没人喜欢这个故事。
Both of the students don’t like the story. 并非这两个学生这个故事。
Neither of the students likes the story. 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
[练习] 中译英
1). 并非这两个学生这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). Both of the students don’t like the story.
2). Neither of the students likes the story.
课文要点（模块）
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Before Tangshan earthquake, strange things happened. A 1 (有味道的) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve). At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed that the world was at 3 end. In fifteen seconds, a large city lay in 4 (废墟), and the number of people 5 (受伤的) or killed reached more than 400,000. Water, food and 6 (electric) were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use) pieces of steel. But all hope was not lost. The rescue team 8 (organize) by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者) and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸) again.
答案：1. smelly 2. nervous 3. an 4. ruins 5. injured 6. electricity 7. useless 8. organized 9. survivors 10. breathe
2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面的短文，再比较答案
这篇文章描述了地震前的征兆和地震的过程和唐山地震造成的后果。它显示出地震后的骇人的情景和告诉我们怎样才能把地震的危害降到最低。
The article describes _________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The article describes both the signs before an earthquake and the course and the result of Tangshan earthquake in 1976. It shows us the terrible image of earthquakes and tells us what we should do to minimize the damage by an earthquake.
3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1.【原句】But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：由which引导的非限制性定语从句
【模仿1】李宇春现象超越了她的声音，即使最狂热歌迷们也承认她的声音是非常弱的。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon, however, goes far beyond her voice, which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak
【模仿2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China, which give us a warming.
2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。
[模仿要点] 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句
【模仿1】从七月上旬开始, 20天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们, 其中50% 的人们处于严重缺水状态。
________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：More than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin, 50% of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.
【模仿2】参加奥运会吉祥物竞选的参与者有662人，其中611人来自中国大陆，12人来自香港，澳门和台湾，39人来自国外。
________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots, of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland, 12 from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and 39 from abroad.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：192
完成时间：14分钟
难度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自动售货机) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 3 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags
(松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 4 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 5 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 7 .
Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 10 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
1. A. system B. machine C. program D. monitor
2. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
3. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
4. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
5. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
6. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
7. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
8. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
9. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
10. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
1. A 从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。
2. B attach to 所附的，“附在机器上的数码相机”。其他三个选项不符合语境。
3. D compare ... to ... “系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比”。其他三个选项动词尽管可以和介词to连用，但不符合语境。
4. C features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression表情，选项C符合语境。
5. D从文章第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸烟的合法年龄是20岁，自动售货机要确保购买者不是未成年人。
6. A 年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify澄清。
7. B 因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。
8. B 该系统能正确识别出约90%的使用者。
9. D 从第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买香烟者。故选users。
10. A 从baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入“灰色地带”。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：202
完成时间：10分钟
难度：***
Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou, China. Even when she was a baby, she loved to draw lines everywhere. 1 (see) this, her father decided to help her. He gave her paint, brushes and paper. She practised hard 2 improved very quickly. Soon her lines became flowers, trees and animals. Some of her pictures 3 (show) in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4.
By the age of six, Wang Hong 4 (make) over 4,000 paintings. She loved to draw animals, especially monkey and cats. 5 her father was good at drawing, he didn't give her any art lessons. He even stopped painting his own pictures. 6 , he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work. 7 this way, Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours. All her pictures were different from others.
At the age of 8, 9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Later, she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people. And when she was just 14, she became the youngest person to have 10 (person) shows in Washington D.C. and many other cities around the world.
答案：
1．Seeing，现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when her father saw this，
2．and，表并列关系：
3．were shown，考查动词的被动语态用法：
4．had made， 由前文By the age of six可知, 此处应用过去完成时态。
5．Although/ though，“虽然，尽管”表让步关系：
6．Instead，“相反，而是”，表转折：
7．In，in this way是固定搭配，“用这种方法”：
8．with，介词“用，有”：
9．one，one of+名词复数表“……之一”：
10．personal，person的形容词，“个人的”：
3 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是请求帮助者的资料：
[A]. As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.
[B]. Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it. How badly he needs someone's help.
[C]. Mane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't know which bus to take. What's worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.
[D]. "Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.
[E]. "Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth.
[F]. A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to
have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children's future.
以下是乐于提供帮助的人员信息介绍，请匹配他们与所对应的帮助对象。
1. Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.
2. Ben: After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career.
3. Susan: I'm a girl from England and has studied French for years. I'm here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.
4. Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.
5. Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They have only bone and skin left. What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.
[答案] 求助者——提供帮助的人
1. C 关键词：she doesn’t know which bus to take; she does not know words; they could not read。
2. F 关键词：in great need of teacher; knowledge; education。
3. A 关键词：They need someone who can teach them foreign languages; at night; volunteer work; know about China。
4. B 关键词：addicted to on-line games; realizes he is wrong; can’t stop; need help; listen patiently; offer some advice。
5. D 关键词：the starving children; the children are dying because of lack of food。
4写作训练
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
What ls the Best Preparation for Life?
Some people say that the best preparation for life is learning to work with others and be cooperative. In life we are faced with many types of situations. Each situation requires us to behave in different ways. In school or work we may be faced with a large project which demands the cooperation of many individuals. In this instance, each person must be flexible, supportive and be willing to compromise because he is only a small part of a much larger machine.
Others take the opposite view and say that learning to be competitive is the be preparation. Being competitive also has a place in life. The desire to succeed arid better than others will motivate us to work hard on the job and study diligently school. But competition has its limits.
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括短文的要点；
2．然后以约120个词就“人生最好的准备”这个主题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点：
a)我们生活在竞争与合作共生共存的时代，要与人相容(compatible)，合作共处；
b)今天的事业是集体的竞争，与他人相容，善于合作的人成功机会更大；
c)你对此有什么看法，为什么?
[写作要求]
你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不能抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
[评分标准]
概括准确、语言规范、内容合适、篇章连贯。
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答案
There are almost two opinions about preparation for life. One is learning to work and cooperate with others. The other is to compete because the desire to succeed and do better than others motivates to work hard.
We are living in the age of competition, cooperation and coexistence, so we should be compatible and cooperative with others. The business today is a collective competition, where some people are compatible with others. Those who work in closer cooperation with the other people can have a larger opportunity to succeed in the end.
Similarly, students' learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts. In cooperation, students work against each other to achieve a goal. In competition there is a negative interdependence among goal achievements.
So I think too much desire to compete with others may become selfish and destructive. In order to succeed in life, we must learn to be both cooperative and competitive. The most important thing to learn in life is to know when tobe cooperative and when to be competitive.
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero
语言要点（模块）
单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. fight for/against/with
2. reward / award
3. accept / receive
4. since / because / as / for
词形
变化
1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的
cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望
hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的
hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
3. educate vt. 教育
education n. 教育; 教育体制
educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
重点
单词
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
5. advise v. 建议
重点
词组
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
2. out of work 失业,出问题
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
重点句子
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
重点语法
定语从句 （见语法部分）
Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. fight for/against/with
【解释】
fight for/against/with
fight for 为……而斗争；努力争取
fight against 与……作斗争
fight with 和……并肩作战，和……打仗/打架/斗争
【练习】用正确的fight短语填空
1). We will have to ________ difficulties.
2). They told the workers to _________ their rights.
3). During World War II, the British _________ Frenchmen against Germans.
Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with
2. reward / award
【解释】
award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”、“奖”;
reward作名词时，作“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”讲。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The film ________ are presented annually．
2). A __________ was offered for the return of the passport．
Keys: 1). awards 2). reward
3. accept / receive
【解释】
accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
I ________ his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it.
Keys: received…accept
4. since / because / as / for
【解释】
since =now that 意为“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。
because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。
as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。
for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill.
2). ________ the rain has stopped, let’s go out for a walk.
3). ________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve bought you a gift.
4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet.
Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). for
II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的
cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍
2. hope n. v.希望; 期望
hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的
hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的
3. educate vt. 教育
education n. 教育; 教育体制
educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) She is a highly ________ woman (educate)
2) Parents should _________ their children to behave well. (educate)
3） A child receives its early _________ at home. (educate)
4） Many a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope)
5） Our ________ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope)
6） Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope)
7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel)
8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison camp. (cruel)
Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful
5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty
Ⅲ重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. devote vt. 投入；献身
[典例]
1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。
2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。
[重点用法]
devote… to… 献身于；专心于
在devote… to…短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：
pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（坚持……）; lead to（导致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜欢……）; look forward to（盼望……）;
[练习] 中译英
1). 她深爱她的孩子。
2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。
Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children.
2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks.
2. vote v. 投票（决定）；选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数
[典例]
1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。
2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。
3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。
[重点用法]
vote down 投票否决；投票击败 vote in 投票选出；选举
vote through 表决通过 put… to the vote 将……付诸表决
take/have a vote on 对……进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对
[练习]用恰当的介词或副词填空。
1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority.
2). Shall we take a vote the question?
3). The issue was put the vote.
4). Was the vote or the matter?
Keys:
1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against
3. reward n. 报酬，奖金vt. 酬谢，给以报答
[典例]
1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是报酬很少。
2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。
[重点用法]
in reward (for…) 作为（对……的）报酬、报答
give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金
reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用……报答、奖赏某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她向他报之以一笑。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
2). She rewarded him with a smile.
4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的
[典例]
1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。
2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。
[重点用法]
be equal to 与……相等
be equal with 与……平等
[练习] 中译英
1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他们认为，在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer.
2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich.
5. advise v. 建议
[典例]
1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上，我给过你建议.
2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语.
3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果.
[重点用法]
advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议……
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议（某人）干……
advise + (that) sb. (should) do
advice n. 建议；意见
a piece of advice 一条建议
go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议；征询某人的意见
give advice to sb. on sth. 就……对某人提供建议
follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
[练习] 中译英
1). 我建议换个方式。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). I'd advise taking a different approach.
2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early.
Ⅳ 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1. be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
[典例]
1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。
2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年.
[短语归纳]
put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。
[练习] 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。
1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison.
2). The robber in prison for several years.
3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison.
4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car.
Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put
2. out of work 失业,出问题
[典例]
1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。
2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了，这给她带来了很多不便。
[短语归纳]
in work 有工作
out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦
out of use 没用了 out of date 过时
out of order 次序颠倒；出故障 out of control 失控
out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
[练习]用适当的介词（短语）填空。
1). Although my computer is date now, but it’s still use.
2). After fours’ operation, the patient has been danger.
Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of
3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
[典例]
1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。
2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千万不要失去信心。
[短语归纳]
lose one's job 失业 lose one's balance 失去平衡
lose one's breath上气不接下气 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 爱上
lose one's life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
[练习] 中译英
1). 不要失去信心，一切都会好起来的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well.
2). She lost her heart to a young soldier.
V 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government.
我们被置于这样一种境地，或者是被迫承认我们低人一等，或者是与政府作斗争。
[解释] 这是一个主从复合句，in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词position。
类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等，作先行词时，可用where引导定语从句
Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
拓展：
介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where和why。
He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch.
Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon.
The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable.
[练习] 中译英
1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed?
2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable.
2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
[解释]当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前，放在主语前。
Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息.
Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
[练习] 中译英
1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
单元自测 （模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
字数：214
完成时间：14分钟
难度：**
On Keeping a Diary in English
Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, we'll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English.
As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.
21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better
22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer
23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn
24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable
25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation
26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad
27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects
28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook
29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability
30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose
答案：
21．B．下文提到需要更少的时间，所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚，这里没有比较质量问题，所以不可能是“更好”。
22．B．考察动词短语。根据意义，应该用stick to表示坚持。insist on坚持；contribute to对……有贡献；refer to参考；谈到；涉及。
23．A. 考察动词短语。run up against遭遇<困难)；bring up抚养；come up against面对；遭到……的反对。
24．B．根据上文提到的写英语日记的困难，应该是“在找合适的词语时会有困难。”
25．C. 写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧，提高自我表达能力，因此应该是在找合适的词语进行，自我表达。
26．B．这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题，所以可确定答案是hard．
27．A. roadblocks障碍。从上文和there are some other可以看出这里是说：还有其他的困难／障碍，重要的信息词是：other。
28．D. 从下文We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。
29．C. 根据句子的意义和搭配：within (one's) reach 可以确定选项。
30．B．turn to sb for help向某人求助。
2语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。
字数：147
完成时间：9分钟
难度：***
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless.
答案：
31．a 32．that 33．disagreements 34．with 35．mixed 36．All 37．fewer 38．everything 39．although 40．they
本文讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快：
31．a．指“一种”有各种不同人的混合型社会。
32．that在 the reason for／why…is that…句型中，习惯上用that引导表语从句。
33．disagreements．在there are后与ideas并列一定是名词，且也要用复数表示“不同意见”。
34．with．指“具有”不同信仰的群体或组织。
35．mixed．因societies与mix是被动关系，用动词的－ed形式作定语，表示“混合的”。
36．All．指上述提到的“所有”这些因素都会促使社会变化。
37．fewer．指在“人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会”较在“不同人混合的社会里”，人们觉得有必要改变的机会“更少”。
38．everything．everything在原因状语从句中作主语，表示“一切、所有事情”。
39．a1though/ though．由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示“尽管，虽然”的连词。
40．they．指前面的conditions。
3阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
词数：308
难度： **
时间：6 分钟
Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United
States developed the device.
The device connects to a person's knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a person's back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. who developed the device
B. how the device works
C. several possible uses for the devices
D. how much electricity the device can produce
42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear.
B. It is too complex for people to use.
C. It will slow down one's walking speed.
D. It is too dear for most people to afford.
43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _______.
A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B. can produce more power in a much shorter time
C. needs to be equipped with a battery
D. can help the walker walk faster
44. From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can _______.
A. help housewives operate the micro-wave oven
B. make it much easier for us to go online
C. produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D. be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
45. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B. Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C. Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D. Human energy will become a main source of electricity
A 篇
科学家研制出一种固定在人膝盖上的发电装置。这种装置可通过收集人走路时损失的能量发电。
41. B。 段落大意题。第二段主要讲了这种电子装置的工作原理，即它是如何利用人步行来发电的。
42. D。 细节推断题。根据第四段中的it is too costly for most people to buy可知这种实验版的设备费用太高，大多数人买不起。
43. A。 推理判断题。根据末段可知，过去Larry Rome发明的设备虽然也是靠行走获取能量，但是需要步行者背重达20到30公斤的负荷，而这种佩戴在膝盖上的设备重量只有1.5公斤，不需增加步行者的太多负担。
44. D。 细节理解题。根据文章第3段the device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers可直接选出答案D项。A项文中没有涉及到，B项表述不科学，根据文章最后一段可以推断C项表述错误。
45. C。 归纳标题题。文章主要突出的内容是这种新的电子设备使得利用人步行获取能量变得轻松、容易。
4写作训练
[写作内容]
一个英国中学生代表团访问你校，你作为学生代表向来访者口头介绍神舟七号发射的相关情况，介绍内容要点如下：
1．神舟七号宇宙飞船于2008年9月25日晚上9：10分升空。
2．这是中国的第三次载人飞行。飞船成功地将三人小组送人太空，小组中的翟志刚进行了我国首次太空行走。
3．太空行走在北京时间2008年9月27日下午进行，持续大约26分钟。之后宇航员返回地球。
4．这次太空飞行任务持续了四天，它将有助于中国掌握两颗卫星的对接技术(technology for，docking two orbiters)。
5．中国成为继前苏联、美国之后世界上第三个能够实现太空行走的国家。
6．我们为此感到骄傲。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部内容。开头和结尾已经给出。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school！It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII-spaceship.
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That's all. Thank you！
[答案]
Dear friends,
Welcome to our school ! It' s a great honor for me to say something about China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship. China' s Shenzhou VII spaceship took off at 9:10 pm on Sep 25, 2008. It was China' s third manned space journey, which successfully launched a three-man crew into the space where one of them, Zhai Zhigang, made China' s first spacewalk. On Sep 27, Zhai Zhigang successfully made a 26-minute spacewalk and then the astronauts returned to Earth. The 4-day journey is expected to help China master the technology for docking two orbiters. The success of Shenzhou VII has made China the third country in the world that has made spacewalk after the former Soviet Union and the USA, so we all take pride in it.
That' s all. Thank you !
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