高考前冠词考点梳理 6页

‎2012高考前冠词考点梳理 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。‎ ‎（一）不定冠词的用法 ‎1‎ 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ ‎2‎ 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。‎ ‎3‎ 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.‎ ‎4‎ 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.‎ ‎5‎ 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 ‎—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?‎ ‎—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't____ Mr. Smith here.‎ A. 不填       B. a  ‎ C. the         D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）‎ ‎6‎ 用于固定词组中 a couple of,‎ a bit,‎ once upon a time,‎ in a hurry,‎ have a walk,‎ many a time,‎ a waste of,‎ in a mess ‎7‎ 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.‎ ‎8‎ 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.‎ ‎9‎ 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 ‎ ‎ 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 不定冠词用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)‎ ‎→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事    ‎ a shame  带来耻辱的人或事 a pity可惜或遗憾的事      ‎ a must 必需必备的物或事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 a pleasure一件快乐的事 ‎10‎ 与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”‎ In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.‎ 为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。‎ ‎（二）定冠词的用法 ‎1‎ 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.‎ A. a; the      B. /; a       C. the; a      D. the; the ‎2‎ 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe,‎ the moon,‎ the Pacific Ocean ‎3‎ 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door?‎ ‎4‎ 用于演奏乐器 play the violin,‎ play the guitar ‎5‎ 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the rich,‎ the living,‎ the wounded ‎6‎ 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）‎ ‎—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don't have ____ Johnson here in the village. A.the; theB.the; a        ‎ C. /; the    D. the; /‎ ‎7‎ 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.‎ ‎8‎ 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French ‎9‎ 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.‎ ‎10‎ 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990's（二十世纪九十年代）‎ ‎11‎ 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.‎ ‎12‎ 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder.‎ ‎13‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎ ‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎ ‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎ ‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎ ‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎ ‎ 与比较级和最高级连用 ‎①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……”‎ ‎ The harder he works, the happier he feels.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the ‎ ‎ Who is the older of the two boys?‎ ‎ ‎ ‎③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。‎ Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（三）不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 ‎1‎ 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前不用冠词 Beijing University, air, love, Jack, China ‎2‎ 名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制时不用冠词 I want this book, not that one.‎ Whose purse is this?‎ ‎3‎ 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前不用冠词 Spring,‎ March,‎ Sunday,‎ National Day, breakfast ‎4‎ 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词( 作表语、同位语、补足语）前不用冠词 Lincoln was made President of America.‎ ‎5‎ 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前不用冠词 He likes playing football/chess.‎ ‎6‎ 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前不用冠词 We went to the west coast by ___ sea instead of driving across ___continent.‎ A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 ‎7‎ 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时不用冠词 husband and wife,‎ knife and fork,‎ day and night ‎8‎ 表示泛指的复数名词前不用冠词 Horses are useful animals.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（四）有无冠词意义不同（常见的词组）‎ by day在白天       by the day按天计算 in case of以防      in the case of就……来说 in charge of负责，管理  ‎ in the charge of由……负责 in office执政     ‎ in the office在办公室 in sight(of)看见   ‎ in the sight(of)在……看来 ‎ ‎ go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去 ‎ ‎ out of question毫无疑问 ‎ out of the question不可能 ‎ ‎ take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告 go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂 in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱 特别提示：‎ 当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：‎ He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。‎ The day before yesterday he went to the hospital to see his friend injured in an accident, but now he was also in hospital because of an accident.‎ 冠词是历年高考的常考点, 在语法填空题型中尤其是不会错过的考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。‎ ‎①How about taking _____short break? I want to make _____call.‎ A. the; a    B. a; the   C. the; the   D. a; a ‎【解析】答案为D。take a short break“休息一会儿”， make a call“打一个电话”。‎ ‎②Christmas is_____ special holiday when _____whole family are supposed to get together.‎ A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a     D. a; the ‎【解析】答案为D。a special holiday指“某一个特别的节日”；the whole family为特指。‎ ‎①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.‎ A. the; a             B. the；the  C. 不填；the      D. the; 不填 ‎【解析】答案为B。此题中的the bed和the books都为特指。the bed 指“所看的床”；the books指“所丢的书”。‎ ‎②I like_____color of your skirt. It is ____good match for your blouse.‎ A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎【解析】答案为C。 the color指“你衬衫的颜色”；a good match泛指“和你的外套相配的一种好颜色”。‎ ‎①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was  Sunday because everybody was at    church.‎ A. /; the       B. the; /       C. a; /          D. /; a ‎【解析】答案为C。a Sunday泛指某一个星期天；at church为固定搭配，不用冠词，意为“在做礼拜”。‎ ‎②Many people have come to realize that they should go on _____balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.‎ A. a; /    B. the; a      C. the; the    D. /; a ‎【解析】答案为A。a balanced diet泛指“一种平衡的饮食”；make room为固定搭配，意为“腾出空间”。‎ ‎①Many people have come to realize that they should go on          balanced diet and make        room in their day for exercise. A. a;不填    B. the; a    C. the; the  D.不填; a ‎【解析】答案为A。分析句子可知，第一个空用“a”表示“一种”，某些不可数的抽象名词前用不定冠词表示某种具体的情况或概念。第二个空不用冠词，make room意为“腾出空间（时间）”为固定短语。‎ ‎②—How about _____Christmas evening party?‎ ‎—I should say it was _____success.‎ A. a; a    B. the; a    C. a; 不填   D. the; 不填 ‎【解析】答案为B。the Christmas evening party为特指刚结束的圣诞晚会；a success考查抽象名词具体化时的不定冠词用法。success原为抽象名词，不可数, 但在此处已经完全具体化而变为可数名词。题中a ‎ success意为“一次成功的晚会”。当抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人和事时，这个抽象名词已经变为可数名词，再如What a pleasant surprise you gave us! 意为“你真的给我们带来了惊喜”。‎ ‎①We went right round to the west coast by       sea instead of driving across      continent.‎ A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填 ‎【解析】答案为B。 by sea意为“经海路”；by the sea意为“在海边”；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常要加定冠词。‎ ‎②George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was      Sunday because everybody was at      church.‎ A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a ‎【解析】答案为C。不定冠词用于表示星期的名词前，泛指“某个星期几”；at church表示“做礼拜”，at the church表示“在教堂”。故本题选C。‎ ‎1.—What about _______ job?　‎ ‎—It’s too difficult ____ job for me. ‎ A. the; a 　B. the; the  C. a; the   D. a; a 【答案及解析】A  第一空是特指，第二空是泛指。‎ ‎2.Duncan, ______ NBA star, is one of _______ few basketball players who are very popular to many of his Chinese fans.‎ A. an; the   B. an; a   C. the; the   D. the; a ‎【答案及解析】A 第一空泛指“一个NBA篮球明星”；第二空考查短语中的冠词，the few表示：特指为数不多的几个篮球运动员。‎ ‎3.Our graduation party was       success. We sang and danced until it came to      end at ten o’clock.‎ A. a; the   B. a; an    C. the; an D. / ; /‎ ‎【答案及解析】B  此处a success抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事情”；come to an end是固定短语，表示“结束”。‎ ‎4.—Really? Who will give       lecture?‎ ‎—Mr. Wang,       famous professor from Nanjing University.‎ A. the; /     B. a; the  C. the; a   D. a; a ‎【答案及解析】C  第一空指说话双方都知道的那个演讲，故使用the修饰；介绍某人表示“一个……的人”时，名词前面应用不定冠词。‎ ‎5.It was ________ surprise that my first teacher, already 90, was still living and in ________ good health.‎ A. the; a　 B. /; a     C. a; /   D. a; the ‎【答案与解析】C　a surprise一件让人吃惊的事，是抽象名词具体化；in good health是固定短语，意为“身体好”。‎ ‎6.Although everything seems to have been taken into consideration, _____   accident can happen when the astronauts walk in   _____ space.‎ A. /; the   B. an; the  C. the; the  D. an; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】D。第一空填不定冠词表泛指，第二空space“太空”前不加冠词，故选D项。‎ ‎7.Nowadays it is difficult for people to find ____work because ____ economic situation in world is very serious.‎ ‎ A. /; an    B. /; the    C. the; the  D. a; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】B　work是不可数名词，表泛指，所以第一空不用冠词；第二空特指“世界经济形势”，故用定冠词the。句意为：因为严峻的经济形势，现在人们找工作已经很困难了。‎ ‎8.A new research suggests cutting _____ global warming pollution would not only make ____planet healthier, but also make people healthier.‎ A. the; a      B. /; /    C. /; the   D. the; the ‎【答案与解析】C　global warming pollution是泛指概念，不用冠词；the planet特指地球，用定冠词。‎ ‎9.By ___ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about ___ world bigger than life itself.‎ A. a; the　  B. the; the   C. /; a    D. the; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】C　固定短语by nature表示“天生，生性”，故第一空不需要填冠词；第二空填不定冠词a表示泛指。‎ ‎10. According to recent reports, one of the rare animals, ____ crocodile, is in ____ danger of dying out.‎ A. a; the    B. /; a    C. /; the   D. the; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】D　the crocodile特指上文中的稀有动物之一，所以前面要加定冠词。in danger of处于危险之中，为一固定短语。‎ ‎11.Geneva, ____ city in Switzerland, is _____ center of Switzerland’s watch and jewelrymaking industries.‎ A. the; a　 B. a; the    C. a; /    D. /; the ‎【答案与解析】B　第一空a city构成同位语；第二空用于特指。‎ ‎12. If I were in ___ position of the mayor, I wouldn’t allow ___factory like this standing in the center of the town.‎ A. a; the　B. the; /     C. the ; a   D. / ; the ‎【答案与解析】C　第一空为短语in the position of sb.处于某人的地位/位置；第二空为a factory like this，像这样一座工厂。故选C项。‎ ‎13.On September 25, ___Ukrainian ship became the victim of robbers in ____Gulf of Aden near Somalia.‎ A. a; the      B. a; /     C. an; the   D. an; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】A　第一个空格泛指一艘乌克兰的船，乌克兰这个英语单词首字母不是发元音的，第二个空格亚丁湾是个专用名词，应用定冠词the。‎ ‎14.In communication, a smile is usually____ strong sign of a friendly and ____ open attitude.‎ A. the; /     B. a; an    C. a; /    D. the; an ‎【答案与解析】C  句意为“在相互交流中，微笑通常是一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前，泛指一类事物；friendly and open 是并列，修饰attitude。‎ ‎15.The sportsman didn’t manage to break __ record, but it was ___ good try.‎ A. a; the　 B. the; a   C. a; /   D. the; /‎ ‎【答案与解析】B　由句意知第一空提到的纪录是彼此都知晓的，故用the；而第二空则是泛指，a good try(一次很好的尝试)。综上，选B项。‎