高考时态复习讲解 6页

时态与语态 考点一　 一般现在时 ‎1．一般用法 ‎(1)表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。（often, usually, always, every day, on weekends…） ‎ My mother works in a bank. She is a senior student.‎ ‎(2)表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实等。（不受时态限制）s The earth moves around the sun. The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.‎ 考例: Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ___ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05辽宁卷）‎ A．was called  B．is called  C．had been called   D．has been called ‎(3)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，代替一般将来时。‎ I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.‎ 考例:The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ Persuade B. will persuade C. be persuade D. are persuaded 翻译If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。‎ ‎(4)表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。常用于be, go, come, start, leave, arrive, begin, open, close等表示起始的短暂性动词。句子中常有表示将来的时间状语。‎ The plane leaves at three sharp. 飞机三点整起飞。‎ The new teachers arrive tomorrow. 新老师们明天到。‎ ‎(5) 图片、电影及舞台指导说明、故事重述、报刊标题、引用快报或名人名言重用一般现在是表示或说明过去的事。‎ Hundred of people die in the earthquake.‎ Two weeks later, the women arrives at the farmer’s house.‎ ‎(6)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：‎ I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house.‎ All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.‎ 考点二　 一般过去时 ‎(1)表示在确定的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 (last year,yesterday,just now, at that time, in the past, then, in 2002, a few days ago…)‎ Where did you go just now? 你刚才去哪里了？‎ ‎(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。‎ I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。‎ ‎(3) 在时间,条件方式，让步状语从句中，代替过去将来时。‎ They said they would let me know as soon as they got there.他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上让我知道的。‎ ‎(4)表示没有确定的过去时间但实际已发生的动作。‎ ‎ 常见的有“I didn't know...”或“I forgot...”等，表示事先不知道或者不记得，但现在已知道或者记得的事情。‎ I didn't know you were so busy. 没想到你这么忙。‎ I didn't expect to meet you here. 我没想到在这儿碰到你。‎ ‎(5)since后的从句常用一般过去式 ‎ You haven’t changed much since we last met. 自从上次见面以来，你变化不大。‎ ‎(6) 追述过去的人或事 ‎ The book was written by Mr Liang Shuqiu.‎ ‎ Lei Feng set a good example to the people throughout the world.‎ 考点三　一般将来时 ‎1.表示客观上将势必发生的事情或临时做出的打算。‎ We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月会有很多雨。‎ ‎—Where is the dictionary? 字典在哪儿？‎ ‎—I will go and get it for you. 我去给你拿。‎ ‎2．其他表达法 ‎(1)be going to＋动词原形 表示主观计划、打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生。‎ We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里久住。‎ Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看那乌云，要下雨了。‎ ‎(2)be to do结构 表示计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作或注定会发生的事。‎ You are to hand in the composition on Monday. 周一你要交上作文。‎ All the questions are to be answered at once. 所有的问题都必须立即回答。‎ ‎(3)be about to do结构 表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与时间状语连用。‎ Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start.大家坐好，电影马上就要开始了。‎ ‎(4)Be doing 有这种用法的主要是一些短暂性动词，如go, come, leave, start, begin, run, stay, take…‎ ‎ She is leaving early this morning. 她明天一早就出发。‎ ‎(5) 一般现在时表一般将来 ‎ ①表示按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。常用于be, go, come, start, leave, arrive, begin, open, close等表示起始的短暂性动词。句子中常有表示将来的时间状语。‎ ‎②用于时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中表一般将来 ‎ 考点四　现在进行时 （1） 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或状态 或 现阶段正在发生的动作或状态，虽然此时此刻动作不一定正在进行 或 反复发生或持续存在的动作与状态。‎ We are waiting for you now. 我们现在正在等你。‎ I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation.这个暑假我再农场帮爸爸干活。‎ You are always changing your mind. 你总是不停地改变主意。‎ The boy is jumping with great joy at the sight of his mother.一看到妈妈，小男孩就高兴地不停地跳。‎ ‎ (2)表示动作的未完性、暂时性 ‎--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms are being painted.( 未完性)‎ ‎ I don’t really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.( 暂时性)‎ ‎(3) 表示计划、安排要做的事情 （见一般将来时2. (4)Be doing ）‎ ‎(4) 表达特定的感情色彩。与副词always, usually, continually, constantly, forever等连用，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪。‎ ‎ He is always thinking of others first. 她总是先想到他人。‎ ‎ You are always watching TV. Why not do something more active?‎ ‎ 特别提示：表示心理活动、拥有、行为结果、表象、感官的动词，如understand, realize, believe, have, own, possess, belong to, seem, look, sound, accept, admit, receive等不能用于进行时态。‎ 考点五　过去进行时 ‎(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。）‎ I was reading a novel when you called.你打电话时我正在读小说。‎ She was studying English all weekend.整个周末她都在学英语。‎ ‎(2)短暂性动词come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, get, become等的过去进行时表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的动作。‎ She asked him whether he was coming back for lunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。‎ ‎(3)过去进行时也可表示现在，使语气更加委婉、客气。‎ I was wondering if you could give me a lift.不知你能否让我搭一下车。‎ 考点六　将来进行时 表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。‎ What will you be doing at this time on Saturday?周六的这个时间你将会干什么？‎ Andy will be teaching English in Jinan at this time of next month.‎ 下个月的这个时候，安迪就将在济南教英语了。‎ 考点七　现在完成时 ‎(1)强调过去的行为对现在的影响。‎ 表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语just, already, yet, ever, recently等连用。‎ We've done a lot of work on it, but we haven't finished yet.‎ 我们在上面花了不少功夫，但是现在还没有完成。‎ ‎(2) 表示过去的某个动作一直持续到现在。‎ 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去，常与for和since等表示一段时间的状语连用。‎ I've been very sad for the past few months.在过去的几个月里，我一直很伤心。‎ ‎(3)表示经历过的事情 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。‎ I've never seen her as angry as that, so I kept quiet.‎ 我从来没有看到过她那样生气，所以我保持沉默。‎ ‎(4)This / It is the first /second… time + that 从句。That 从句谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ This is the first time I have seen such a grand palace.‎ ‎(5)在时间或条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时。‎ I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.‎ 读完这本书后我就告诉你我的意见。‎ I will go home as soon as I have had my bicycle mended.我把自行车修好后就回家。‎ ‎(6) 瞬间动词又叫非延续性东侧、终止动词。瞬间动词一般不用完成时态，也不可以接表示一段时间的状语，若要接表示一段时间的状语，需作一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的 否定式可用完成时，否定式也可以接表示一段时间的状语。‎ ‎ 正误：He has come to Beijing since last year. He has lived in Beijing since last year.‎ He has joined the army for 3 years. He has served in the army for 3 years.‎ ‎ He joined the army 3 years ago. He has been a soldier for 3 years.‎ It is 3 years since he joined the army. He has joined the army.‎ 常见的瞬间动词有：come, go, get to/reach/arrive at, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/ take part in, begin/ start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/ take, die, finish/end, receive/hear from, marry, break, lose, jump…‎ 特别提示：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：‎ 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，不强调与现在的关系或对现在的影响；‎ 现在完成时则表示发生在过去的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。‎ I lost my new mobile phone yesterday.昨天我把新手机丢了。‎ I have lost my new mobile phone.我把新手机丢了。‎ 考点八　过去完成时 ‎(1)表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”，常与by(by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time+句子), before, when, until,等引导的时间状语连用，只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到该时态。‎ Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.‎ 当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已经离开了。‎ ‎ Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 到那时为止，他对此一无所知。‎ ‎(2)过去完成时还用于状语从句的两个常用句型：hardly...when(一……就……)和no sooner...than(刚……就……)。‎ Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we left our map in the room.‎ 第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍，就想起把地图忘在房间里了。 ‎ ‎(3) This / It was the first /second… time + that 从句。That 从句谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎(4)It was/had been +一段时间+ since 从句。Since 从句谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么高兴了。‎ ‎(5)用在表示愿望、打算一类的动词如：hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。‎ I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.我本想发言，但时间不允许。‎ They had wanted to help but could not get here in time.‎ 他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。‎ 考点九　现在完成进行时 ‎(1)表示过去某一时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。‎ It has been raining since last night.雨从昨晚一直下到现在。‎ She has been waiting for you since nine o'clock.她从九点就一直在等你了。‎ ‎(2)表示重复的动作 You have been saying you can succeed for five years.五年来你一直在说你能成功。‎ ‎(3) 表示感情色彩 Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。‎ I have been wanting to meet you for a long time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事情。‎ 特别提示:现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：‎ 现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在，无间断，强调动作持续的过程；‎ 现在完成时所表示的动作则是终止性的，强调对现在造成的影响。‎ I have been washing my clothes.我一直在洗衣服。I have washed my clothes. 我已经洗完衣服了。‎ 考点十　将来完成时 表示到将来某一时间完成的动作。常用的时间状语为by+将来某一时间 They will have graduated from senior high school by June next year.明年六月他们就高中毕业了。‎ By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.‎ 你到家的时候我就已经把房子彻底打扫一遍了。‎ 考点十一　过去将来时 表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或过去打算做某事。‎ She said her mother would come to see her.她说她母亲会来看她。‎ I was going to call you when you came in.你进来的时候我正要给你打电话。‎ ‎1. --- Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.‎ ‎　　--- You ______ something.‎ A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left ‎2. --- I ______ so busily recently that I ______ no time to help you with your math.‎ ‎　　--- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.‎ A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have D. had been working; had had ‎3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you ______ to me.‎ A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write ‎4. He ______ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.‎ A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak ‎5. --- I beg your pardon, but I didn’t quite catch you.‎ ‎　　　 --- Oh, I ______ myself.‎ A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to ‎6. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.‎ A. will play B. have played C. played D. play ‎7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time.‎ A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working ‎8. --- What ______ when I phoned you?‎ ‎　　--- I ______ my work, and I wanted to go out.‎ A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finished C. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished ‎9. --- Have you finished the report?‎ ‎　　--- No. I ______ it all this week.‎ A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing ‎10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.‎ A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing ‎11. --- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.‎ ‎　　--- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.‎ A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intended C. expect; intend D. expected; intend ‎12. --- Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!‎ ‎　　--- Mum, I ______ my storeroom downstairs.‎ ‎　　A. cleaned B. have cleaned ‎　　C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning ‎13. They won’t buy new clothes because they ______ money to buy a new house.‎ ‎　　A. save B. are saving ‎　　C. have saved D. were saving ‎14. The traffic in our city is already good and it ______ even better.‎ ‎　　　A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting ‎15. --- I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.‎ ‎　　--- I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I ______ my guests in my office.‎ ‎　　A. is being met B. will meet ‎　　C. will be meeting D. will have met ‎16. --- Alice came back home the day before yesterday.‎ ‎　　--- Really? Where ______?‎ ‎　　A. has she been B. had she been ‎　　C. has she gone D. had she gone ‎17. I know Mr. Brown; we ______ to each other at an international conference.‎ ‎　　A. are introduced B. are been introduced ‎　　C. were introduced D. had been introduced ‎18. --- Where do you think ______ he ______ the computer?‎ ‎　　--- Sorry. I have no idea.‎ ‎　　A. has; bought B. 不填; bought ‎　　C. did; buy D. 不填; buys ‎19. Don’t bother to look for my dictionary --- it ______ some day.‎ ‎　　A. turns up B. has turned up ‎　　　C. will turn up D. is going to turn up ‎20. --- What do you think of this kind of TV set, which ______ in Shanghai?‎ ‎　　--- Well, I don’t care about such things.‎ ‎　　A. was made B. is made ‎　　C. has been made D. had been made ‎21. --- Did he notice you enter the room?‎ ‎　　--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut.‎ ‎　　A. listened B. was listening ‎　　C. has listened D. had listened ‎22. The plane ______ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.‎ ‎　　A. has left B. would leave ‎　　C. will have left D. leaves ‎23. The train ___ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about     nine o’clock tonight.‎ ‎　　A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going ‎24. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I ______ coffee.‎ ‎　　A. prefer B. preferred ‎　　C. had preferred D. am preferring ‎25. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They ______ too long.‎ ‎　　A. had been cooked B. were cooked ‎　　C. have cooked D. cooked ‎26. --- Remember the first time we met, Jim?‎ ‎　　--- Of course I do. You ______ in the library.‎ ‎　　A. were reading B. had read ‎　　C. have read D. read ‎27. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.‎ ‎　　A. have told; washes ‎　　B. have been told; washes ‎　　C. was told; washed ‎　　D. have been told; is washed ‎28. --- Is Tom still smoking?‎ ‎　　--- No. By next Saturday he ______ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.‎ ‎　　A. will be B. will have gone ‎　　C. will have been D. has been going ‎29. --- ______ Betty this morning?‎ ‎　　--- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.‎ ‎　　A. Have you seen B. Will you see ‎　　C. Do you see D. Did you see?‎ ‎30. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.‎ ‎　　A. I heard B. did I hear ‎　　C. I had heard D. had I heard ‎31. --- Look at the black clouds. It ______ soon.‎ ‎　　--- Sure. If only we ______ out.‎ ‎　　A. is raining; didn’t come ‎　　B. is to rain; won’t start ‎　　C. will rain; haven’t started ‎　　D. is going to rain; hadn’t come ‎32. He ___ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ____ about forty articles.‎ ‎　　A. has been writing; has written ‎　　B. has been writing; wrote ‎　　C. is writing; has been writing ‎　　D. has written; has written ‎33. She ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.‎ ‎　　A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got ‎　　C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got ‎34. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ______ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.‎ ‎　　A. was coming B. had come ‎　　C. comes D. would come ‎35. --- Don’t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎　　--- No, I ______.‎ ‎　　A. don’t B. do C. won’t D. will ‎36. I decided to go to the library as soon as I ______.‎ ‎　　　A. finished what I was doing ‎　　B. finished what I did ‎　　　C. would finish what I was doing ‎　　D. finish what I did ‎37. You won’t know whether the coat fits you until you ______ it on.‎ ‎　　　A. will try B. have tried ‎　　C. tried D. are trying ‎38. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.‎ ‎　　A. has lost; don’t find ‎　　B. is missing; don’t find ‎　　C. has lost; haven’t found ‎　　D. is missing; haven’t found ‎39. ______ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.‎ ‎　　　A. When left B. Leaving ‎　　C. If you leave D. Leave ‎40. --- How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?‎ ‎　　　--- I ______ yet, but I ______ taking a train.‎ ‎　　　A. didn’t decide; am considering ‎　　  B. haven’t decided; consider ‎　　　C. haven’t decided; am considering ‎　　  D. hadn’t decided; have considered ‎41. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?‎ ‎　　--- Of course. What is it?‎ ‎　　　--- I ______ if you could take me to the station.‎ ‎　　　A. would wonder B. did wonder ‎　　　C. was wondering D. had wondered ‎　　42. --- Got your driving license?‎ ‎　　--- No. I ______ too busy to have enough practice, so I didn’t take the driving test last week. I’m going to next week.‎ ‎　　A. was B. have been C. am D. had been ‎　　43. With the development of science, more new technology ______ to the field of IT.‎ ‎　　A. has introduced B. is being introduced ‎　　　C. is introduced D. was introduced ‎　　44. --- Who’s the man over there?‎ ‎　　　--- It’s Jack.‎ ‎　　　--- Oh? ______ in Italy.‎ ‎　　A. I think he’s ‎　　B. I’ve thought he’s been ‎　　C. I thought he was ‎　　D. I’d thought he’d been ‎　　45. --- I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.‎ ‎　　--- I ______ regular exercises at the club.‎ ‎　　　A. did B. was doing C. had done D. have been doing ‎　　46. --- Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, ______ the book.‎ ‎　　--- So have I.‎ ‎　　A. is reading B. has read C. reading D. reads ‎　　47. The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he ______ a cold.‎ ‎　　A. has caught B. is catching C. will catch D. does catch ‎　　48. It is when the plane ______ that you’d better find out at the booking office.‎ ‎　　A. would take off B. had taken off ‎　　C. was taking off D. is taking off ‎　　49. --- I’m sorry, but there’s no smoking on this flight.‎ ‎　　--- Oh, I ______ that. Sorry, I won’t again.‎ ‎　　A. don’t know B. didn’t know ‎　　C. won’t know D. haven’t known ‎　　50. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.‎ ‎　　　A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned