2018高考英语专题训练之名词性从句 10页

‎2019高考英语专题训练之 专题八 名词性从句 名词性从句：‎ 根据句子的结构可分为：① 简单句——一主一谓 ‎②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。‎ ‎③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。‎ 定义 根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。‎ 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。‎ 总述 1. 主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语 ‎ e.g. What you said sounds reasonable.‎ It is well known/reported/thought/said/… ‎ ‎ It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear… ‎ ‎ It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder… ‎ ‎ It doesn’t matter whether…‎ It seemsappears that… It happens that…碰巧 ‎2. 表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导 e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task.‎ ‎３．同位语从句-----跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which..也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , why e.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.‎ ‎4．宾语从句 ‎1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）‎ ‎2)直接引语和间接引语 I doubt whetherif he will keep his word. I don’t doubt that our team will win.‎ 一．引导词 ‎1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分 ‎2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。‎ ‎3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。‎ how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句 二．语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序 When he will arrive is not known.‎ I don't know how I can get through the exam.‎ 三．时态 ‎1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态 ‎ Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.‎ ‎ Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.‎ Tom says Mary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.‎ ‎ Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.‎ ‎ 但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。‎ Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.‎ Have you any idea why he was so rude?‎ 四、语气 ‎1．只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。 ‎ 五．宾语从句否定词的转移 ‎ 六、 if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。‎ ‎1．主语从句句首 2．表语从句 3．介词之后 ‎4．不定式之前 5．紧跟or not 6. 同位语从句 ‎7. 宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game, I’m not sure.‎ 七．that和what that不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略：‎ ‎1．主语从句 2. 表语从句 ‎3. 同位语从句 Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects.‎ ‎4. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.‎ ‎5. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省 Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.‎ 八．1． Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词 He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.‎ 比较：He asked me who broke the glass.‎ He asked me whoever broke the glass.‎ Whoever goes against law shall be punished.‎ Who goes against law shall be punished.‎ ‎2．wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别 wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句 Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.‎ ‎==No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.‎ He would believe whatever I said.‎ 九．同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别 ‎1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.‎ 同位语从句，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省 ‎2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.‎ 定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。‎ 名词性从句考点归纳 一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序 ‎(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句 ‎ She sensed something.‎ A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.‎ She wondered.‎ Would the buses still be running?‎ She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.‎ ‎2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。‎ 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. How he was successful is still a puzzle. ‎ 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? Could you tell me where does he live? ‎ ‎1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分 ‎1). That he will succeed is certain.‎ ‎2) Whether he will go there is not known.‎ ‎3) What he said is not true.‎ ‎4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.‎ ‎5) Whoever comes is welcome.‎ ‎6) It’s certain that he will succeed.‎ ‎7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. ‎ ‎8) When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.‎ 由 that 引导:‎ ‎1. That we shall be late is certain.‎ ‎2. _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)‎ ‎3. ________________________ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)‎ Keys ‎2. That the earth is round ‎3. That you missed the chance 考点一:主语从句后置! ‎ 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。‎ 例:‎ That we shall be late is certain.‎ ‎-- It’s certain that we shall be late.‎ ‎1. That the earth is round is known to all.‎ ‎2. That you missed the chance is a pity.‎ 由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what, who, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导.也常常后置:‎ It doesn’t matter if/whether he is a foreigner.‎ It is a question whether he is willing to come.‎ It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time It 的用法： （形式主语）‎ ‎ It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…‎ ‎ It’s said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…‎ ‎ It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…‎ ‎ It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..‎ ‎ It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…‎ ‎ It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）‎ ‎ / a common saying….（俗话说）‎ It is well known /reported / thought/said… that…‎ ‎ It is clear/ necessary/ certain/ true/doubtful…that…‎ It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that…‎ It doesn’t matter whether…‎ It seems that… ‎ It happens that…‎ 考点二 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数 What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定 What he needs _is_ that book?‎ What he needs _are_ some book?‎ 宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）‎ 连词：that, whether, if （that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when, where, why, how ‎1). They know that the habit will kill them.‎ ‎2).It all depends on whether they will support us.‎ ‎3) I am afraid that he didn’t call me.‎ ‎4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. ‎ ‎5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.‎ 用if 或whether 填空 ‎1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.‎ ‎2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.‎ ‎3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.‎ ‎4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.‎ ‎5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.‎ ‎6._______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you ‎2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.‎ ‎ eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.‎ ‎ I don’t think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.‎ b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.‎ eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.‎ 宾语从句的时态呼应 ‎1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _________________________ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _________________________.‎ ‎2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。 1). 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me ______________________ . 2). 他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me ______________________. 3). 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher tell us ______________________‎ ‎3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。‎ 连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句)‎ 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what ‎ 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because ‎ The question is whether we can rely on him. ‎ That’s because we were in need of money at that time.‎ He looked as if he was going to cry.‎ That’s why I was late.‎ because, as if 也可引导表语从句:‎ ‎ 1. He is absent today. It’s ________ he is seriously ill. ‎ ‎ 2. It looks ________ it’s going to rain again. ‎ ‎ True or False:‎ ‎ Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. ‎ ‎ Her suggestion is that we do it by turns. ‎ ‎4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea, belief, fact ； truth, problem, news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.‎ 同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether ‎ ‎1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.‎ ‎2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.‎ ‎3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.‎ 三、同位语从句的引导和辨别 ‎1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句 2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。‎ 选词填空that/ whether / where/ how ‎1. I have no idea _________ he comes from. 2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money. 3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt ________ he will ‎ win. 5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.‎ 真题典例 ‎1．[2019•重庆卷] ________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.‎ A．That B．It C．What D．Which ‎2．[2019•山东卷] It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.‎ A. what B．whose C．which D．that ‎3．[2019•陕西卷] It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．whether ‎4．[2019•四川卷] ________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.‎ A. When B．How C．What D．That ‎5．[2019•北京卷] Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. ‎ A. why B．where C．that D．what ‎6．[2019•江西卷] ________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.‎ A. Whoever B．Whatever C．Whichever D．Wherever ‎7．[2019•浙江卷] The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. ‎ A. how B．that C．which D．whether ‎8．[2019•新课标全国卷Ⅰ] Police have found _______ appears to be the lost ancient statue.‎ ‎ A. which B．where C．how D．what ‎9．[2019•安徽卷] From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ ‎ A．why B．how C．because D．whether ‎10．[2019•湖南卷] Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.‎ ‎ A. how B．that C．which D．where 新题预测 ‎1. It has been proved________ several new kinds of medicine have a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.‎ A．which B．if C．that D．because ‎2. What the doctors really doubt is________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.‎ A．when B．if C．whether D．what ‎3. The fact has worried many scientists________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ A．which B．that C．as D．what ‎4．It's no longer a question now________ man can land on the moon.‎ A. that B．which C．whether D．what ‎5．________Mo Yan had been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud.‎ A．As B．That C．Which D．What ‎6．The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for________he could find about Mark Twain.‎ A. wherever B．However C．whatever D．whichever ‎7．News got around quickly________ a gunman went on a shooting rampage at a movie theatre in Aurora, Colorado.‎ ‎ A. which B．what C．that D．when ‎8．Romney was asked________he would ensure equal pay for women.‎ A. that B．where C．what D．how ‎9．He stared at the empty bottle for a while, feeling happy that he had sent the butterfly back ________ it belonged—nature.‎ A. to which B．that C．which D．to where ‎10．After five hours' drive, they reached________they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.‎ A. where B．what C．which D．that 课后练习 ‎1.We've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way.‎ A. what B. When C. which D. that ‎2.—Many online games are full of violence， which do harm to the development of the children.‎ ‎—And that's ________ my concern lies.‎ A. what B. Which C. where D. that ‎3. ________ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. ‎ A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when ‎4. “I think we need to pay more attention to the artistic and cultural work that goes on in every neighbourhood in this city，” Ms Martin said. “We are part of ________ makes New York unique.” ‎ A. what B. That C. which D. it ‎5. We're excited to learn the news ________ Li Hua has been admitted to Tsinghua University.‎ A. what B. Which C. that D. as ‎6. ________ he told us is the news ________ China got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games， ________， of course， made us feel very excited. ‎ A. What； which； which B. That； that； which ‎ C. What； that； which D. That； that； what ‎7. It remains to be seen ________ he will solve the problem or not. ‎ A. that B. What C. which D. whether ‎8.—Mum， I don't think I am qualified enough to do this.‎ ‎—Honey， be confident！ You should know it is ________ a man thinks of himself ________ really determines his fate.‎ A. that； that B. how； that C. what； that D. how； how ‎9. His shop was so well managed that he sold in just 5 months ________ his competitor sold in a year. ‎ A. how B. What C. whether D. why ‎ ‎10. We have dresses of various styles and patterns on sale and you may take ________ suits you best.‎ A. whatever B. Whichever C. no matter what D. no matter which