被动语态高考复习 5页

动词的语态 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一．高考趋势 ‎ 高考对动词语态的考查往往与对时态的考查同时进行，通常包括以下几个方面的内容：‎ ‎1．常用时态中的语态；‎ ‎2．非谓语动词中的语态；‎ ‎3．主动表被动的情况。‎ 二．知识讲解 ‎ 语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般是在不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时,我们是被动语态 We use electricity to run machines.  （主动语态）‎ Electricity is used to run machines.  （被动语态）‎ ‎【不能用于被动语态的动词和短语】 ‎ ‎1. 在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易引起误用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。‎ ‎2. 某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。‎ ‎【被动语态的时态形式】 ‎ 常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式 表1‎ 时间    一般时               进行时            完成时 现在   am asked          am being asked     have been asked ‎        is asked          is being asked ‎        are asked         are being asked 过去 was be asked      was being asked    had been asked ‎       were be asked     were being asked 将来   shall be asked                       shall have been asked ‎       will be asked                        will have been asked 过去   should be asked                      should have been asked 将来   would be asked                       would have been asked ‎【短语动词的被动语态】 ‎ 短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如：‎ So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.‎ All the rubbish should be got rid of.‎ ‎【“get + -ed分词”的被动语态】 ‎ ‎“get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如：‎ The boy got hurt on his way home from work.‎ 另外，“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如：‎ get dressed（穿衣服）     get divorced（离婚）‎ get engaged（订婚）      get confused（迷惑不解）‎ get lost（迷路）          get washed（洗脸）‎ get married（结婚）‎ ‎【能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态】 ‎ ‎1．能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留下来。例如：‎ ‎1）We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态）‎ ‎2）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态）‎ ‎3）Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态）‎ ‎2．能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如：‎ ‎1）The teacher appointed him League secretary.（主动语态）‎ ‎2）He was appointed League secretary.（被动语态）‎ ‎【被动语态与系表结构的区别】 ‎ ‎（1）The novel was well written.（系表结构）‎ ‎（2）The novel was written by Dickens.（被动语态）‎ ‎【英语中常用主动表被动的情况】 ‎ ‎1．一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read, write, sell, open, shut, begin, wash, wear, etc.. 此类动词常接副词作状语。‎ 例如：The door won't shut. 门关不上。‎ ‎　　The shoes wear well. 这鞋子经穿。‎ ‎2．系动词look, feel, taste, sound, smell, prove, seem, appear, etc..此类动词常接形容词作表语。‎ 例如：The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来柔软。‎ ‎　　　The dish tastes good. 这菜味道不错。‎ ‎3．作定语的不定式。‎ 例如：I have a lot of work to do this week. ‎ ‎　　　Have you got anything to say at the meeting?‎ ‎4．在形容词easy, difficult, hard等之后作状语的不定式。‎ 例如：This question is difficult to answer.‎ ‎　　　We find the man hard to get along with.‎ ‎5．need, want, require 作"需要"时，他们后面常接主动的-ing分词或被动的不定式。在这种情况下，句子的主语必须在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。‎ 例如：Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.‎ ‎　　　The room wants cleaning / to be cleaned everyday. ‎ 比较：I need to have my hair cut.‎ ‎　　　He wants to go home this afternoon.‎ ‎6．用于be worth doing结构。‎ 例如：The film is well worth seeing twice. ‎ ‎　　　The book is worth reading.‎ 比较worthy用法：The book is worthy to be read.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 The book is worthy of being read.‎ ‎【主动结构中使役动词】 ‎ 如：let, make or 感官动词等后不加to地动词不定式变为被动结构时,动词前面要加to The teacher made Tom do all the homework.‎ Tom was made to do all the homework by the teacher.‎ ‎【被动语态的翻译】 ‎ 一般用 “ 由,被,受…” 来翻译表达，有些固定句型地翻译:‎ it is said, it is reported, it is believed, it is thought, it is discovered, it is found that…‎ 三．典型例题 ‎ ‎1．(北京2000, 单项填空)‎ ‎　The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.‎ ‎    A. having hung  　　　  B. hanging     　　　　C. hangs    　　　D. being hung 正确答案：B 此题考查内容较多，涉及时态、语态，谓语动词和非谓语动词等。题干中已有谓语is painted, 不能选C；D选项表示"正在被挂"，不合题意；作后置定语时，hanging = hung, 所以选B。‎ ‎2．（北京2000，单项填空）‎ All the preparations for the task _______, and we're ready to start.‎ ‎    A. completed        　　　　　　　B. complete     ‎ ‎    C. had been completed　   　　  　D. have been completed 正确答案：D 此题既考时态，又考语态，根据语境该用现在完成时被动语态，所以选D。‎ ‎3．（MET89，单项填空）‎ ‎　---What do you think of the book?‎ ‎　---Oh, excellent. It's worth _______ a second time.‎ ‎    A. to read    　　　　　B. to be read     　　　C. reading   　 D. being read 正确答案：C 此题考查be worth doing的用法，所以选C。‎ 四．知识过关 ‎ ‎1. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.‎ ‎    A. pay  　　　　B. paying   　　 C. paid   　　　　D. to pay ‎2. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _______.‎ ‎    A. be put up   　　　　B. give in   　　C. be turned on　 　　　D. go out ‎3. ---_______ the sports meet might be put off...‎ ‎　----Yes, it all depends on the weather.‎ ‎    A. I've been told　 　 B. I've told　 　C. I'm told　   　D. I told ‎4. I need one more stamp before my collection _______.‎ ‎    A. has completed　   　B. completes　 　C. has been completed   D. is completed ‎5. ---Do you like the material?‎ ‎　---Yes, it _______ very soft.‎ ‎    A. is feeling   　　　 B. felt  　　　　C. feels　 　　　　 　　D. is felt ‎6. In some parts of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.‎ ‎    A. is serving    　　　B. is served   　C. serves  　　　　　 　D. served ‎7.If city noises _______ from increasing, people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now..‎ ‎    A. are not kept; will have to 　　　　   B. are not kept; have to ‎    C. do not keep; will have to  　　　　 　 D. do not keep; have to ‎8. ---Have you moved into the new house?‎ ‎　---Not yet, the rooms _______.‎ A. are being painted   B. are painting    C. are painted   　　　D. are being painting ‎ 正确答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A ‎ ‎ 正确答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A ‎