高考英语第二轮语法专题复习名词性从句 6页

高考英语第二轮语法专题复习八 名词性从句 知识要点：‎ ‎ 1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。‎ ‎ 2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。‎ ‎ 什么叫复合句 ‎ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。‎ ‎ 从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。‎ 主从复合句（Complex Sentences）‎ 一、从句的种类：‎ 主语从句（Subject Clauses）‎ ‎1、名词性从句 表语从句（Predicative Clauses）‎ Noun Clauses 宾语从句（Object Clauses）‎ 同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）‎ ‎2、定语从句 ‎（Attributive Clauses）‎ ‎3、状语从句 ‎（Adverbial Clauses）‎ 注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：‎ ‎ （1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句 ‎ （2）It + be + 名词词组 + that从句 ‎ （3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 ‎ （4）It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句 二、常用的关联词 ‎1、从属连词 ‎ that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否 ‎ although(though)虽然；because因为 ‎ when当…时候；before在…前；after在…后 ‎ since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在…期间 ‎ as soon as一…就；as long as只要；as if好像 ‎2、连接代词 ‎ who, whom, which, what, whose ‎3、连接副词 ‎ when, where, why, how ‎4、关系代词 ‎ who, whom, whose, which, that ‎5、关系副词 ‎ when, where, why ‎ ‎ 1、主语从句：‎ 种类 关联词 例 句 说 明 连 that ‎ That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。‎ ‎ that在句首不可省去 词 whether ‎ Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。‎ ‎ 主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。‎ 主 who ‎ What he wants to tell us is not clear. ‎ 语 连接代词 what which whatever 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。‎ ‎ Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。‎ ‎ 主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般 从 句 连接副词 when where why how ‎ It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。‎ ‎ Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。‎ 把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。‎ ‎ 2、宾语从句：‎ 种类 关联词 例 句 说 明 陈述意义 that ‎ I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。‎ We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。‎ ‎ that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。‎ 宾 疑问意义 if whether ‎ I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。‎ ‎ Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。‎ ‎ I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。‎ ‎ He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他不在乎天气是否好。‎ ‎ whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。‎ ‎ 作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。‎ 从句是否定句时一般用if引导。‎ 语 特殊疑问意义 who, whom,‎ which,whose,what, when,‎ where, why,‎ how,whoever,‎ whatever, ‎ whichever ‎ Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你需要什么？‎ ‎ She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。‎ ‎ She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。‎ ‎ 宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。‎ 从 注1‎ ‎ We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。‎ ‎ 如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。‎ 句 注2‎ ‎ We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。‎ ‎ I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。‎ ‎ think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。‎ ‎ 3、表语从句：‎ 种类 关联词 例 句 说 明 that ‎ The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. ‎ ‎ ‎ 表 连词 whether as if 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。‎ ‎ It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。‎ 在非正式的文体中that可以省去。‎ 语 从 连接代词 who what which ‎ That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。‎ ‎ The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。‎ ‎ 表语从句位于主句系动词之后 句 连接副词 when where why how ‎ This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。‎ ‎ That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。‎ ‎ 4、同位语从句：‎ 种类 关联词 例 句 说 明 同 位 语 从 句 ‎ 由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。‎ ‎ The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。‎ ‎ I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。‎ ‎ The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。‎ ‎ He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。‎ ‎ 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。‎ ‎ 名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：‎ ‎ 1、主词从句：‎ ‎ That light travels in straight line is known to all .‎ ‎ (That 引导主语从句不可省）‎ ‎ When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．‎ ‎ 主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现 ‎ It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.‎ ‎ It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.‎ ‎ 2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语 ‎ 是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．‎ ‎ The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .‎ ‎ 3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句 ‎ ‎ 时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。‎ ‎ The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America． ‎ ‎ 4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在 ‎ 从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：‎ ‎ The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中 ‎ 无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。‎ ‎ The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward ‎ 的宾语)。‎ ‎【专项训练】‎ ‎ 1．I wonder how much ．‎ ‎ A．cost these shoes B．do these shoes cost ‎ ‎ C．these shoes cost D．are these shoes cost ‎ 2．Nobody knew ．‎ ‎ A．where he comes B．where he was from ‎ ‎ C．where he is from D．where does he come from ‎ ‎ 3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me ．‎ ‎ A．when the sports meet will be taken place ．‎ ‎ B．when was the sports meet going to be held．‎ ‎ C．when is the sports meet to begin ．‎ ‎ D．when the sports meet is to take place ．‎ ‎ 4．Cornputers can only give cut has been stored in them .‎ ‎ A．that B．which ‎ ‎ C．what D．anything ‎ 5．She wanted to know ．‎ ‎ A．whether I knew her and where did she work ‎ ‎ B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there ‎ ‎ C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked ‎ ‎ D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked ‎ ‎ 6．My friend wouldn’t tell me his new car ．‎ ‎ A．how much he paid for B．how much did he pay ‎ ‎ C．he paid how much for D．did he pay how much ‎ 7．A simple experiment shows air has some strength ．‎ ‎ A．what B．that ‎ ‎ C．which D．who ‎ 8．He you are not going abroad．‎ ‎ A．surprised that B．is surprised that ‎ ‎ C．surprised at D．is surprised whether ‎ 9．Father asked ．‎ ‎ A．what was wrong with me B．what’s wrong with me ‎ ‎ C．what wrong was with me D．what wrong is with me ‎ ‎ 10．It doesn’t matter I rest or not ．‎ ‎ A．if B．whether ‎ ‎ C．that D．when ‎ 11．The trouble is we are short of tools ． ‎ ‎ A．what B．that ‎ ‎ C．how D．why that ‎ 12．That is there appears a rainbow in the sky ．‎ ‎ A．what B．when ‎ C．why D．however ‎ 13． I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind．‎ ‎ A．That , that B．Which , what ‎ ‎ C．What , what D．What, why ‎ 14．It is possible he misunderstood I said． ‎ ‎ A．that ,that B．what, what ‎ ‎ C．what , that D．that , what ‎ 15．The thought he might fail in the exam worried him ．‎ ‎ A．which B．that ‎ C．when D．/‎ ‎ 16．The fact he is an orphan is well known．‎ ‎ A．what B．that ‎ C．which D．/‎ ‎ 17． I was free that evening ‎ ‎ A．It happened to B．It happened that ‎ C．That happened D．It was happened that ‎ ‎ 18． I will accept the gift is none of your business．‎ ‎ A．If B．Whether ‎ C．What D．Which ‎ ‎ 19． I have will be yours sooner or later ．‎ ‎ A．No matter what B．No matter whatever ‎ ‎ C．Whatever D．That ‎ ‎ 20．He always thinks he can do more for the people．‎ ‎ A．of how B．how ‎ C．of that D．why ‎ ‎ 21． in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ．‎ ‎ A．It says B．It is said ‎ ‎ C．It has said D．He is said ‎ 22．We think it important college students should master at least one foreign language ．‎ ‎ A．which B．that ‎ C．what D．whether ‎ 23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain．‎ ‎ A．what B．all what ‎ C．that D．which ‎ 24．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．‎ ‎ A．which B．that ‎ C．what D．when ‎ 25． told yuou that was lying ．‎ ‎ A．who B．whoever ‎ C．Anyone D．The person ‎ 26．Word came I was wanted at the office．‎ ‎ A．which B．why ‎ C．that D．whether ‎ 27． nothing to do with us ．‎ ‎ A．What he did is B．What he has done ‎ C．What did he do D．What he has done has ‎ ‎ 28．The problem is will go ．‎ ‎ A．that B．that who ‎ ‎ C．who D．whoever ‎ 29． there is life on another planet is almost impossible．‎ ‎ A．How B．That ‎ ‎ C．Why D．Whether ‎ 30． was a well -known fact．‎ ‎ A．That their team was weak B．That their team being weak ‎ C．Their team was weak D．If their team was weak ‎【答案】：‎ ‎1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 D 6 A 7 B 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