高中英语高考十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案湖南重点高中内训秘题 5页

十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 可数名词 ‎ 个体名词 ‎ ‎ 集体名词 不可数名词 ‎ 普通名词 物质名词 ‎1.名词 抽象名词 ‎ 专有名词 ‎ 功能：表示人或事物的名称 ‎ 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法）‎ ‎ 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 ‎ ‎ 指示代词：this, that, these, those ‎ 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： ‎ ‎ 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves ‎2.代词 ‎ 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. ‎ ‎ 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every ‎ ‎ another, other, the other, others, the others ‎ ‎ 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody ‎ 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one ‎ something, anything, nothing ‎ everybody, everyone, everything ‎ 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 ‎3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 ‎4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 ‎ 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath….‎ ‎ 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, ‎ ‎5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass…‎ ‎ 表方位：….‎ ‎ 其他 ‎ ‎ 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 ‎ 6． 形容词： 平级、比较级、最高级 ‎ 功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质 ‎ 7. 副词：平级、比较级、最高级 ‎ 功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性 ‎ ‎ ‎ 并列连词：and/ both/ or/ not only…but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while…‎ ‎ 8. 连词：‎ ‎ 从属连词: if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though…‎ ‎ 功能：用来连接词、短语或句子 ‎ 实义动词 （vi./vt.）‎ ‎ 系动词 ‎ 助动词 ‎ 9. 动词： 情态动词 ‎ 不定式（to do）‎ ‎ 非谓语动词 分词: 现在分词（-ing）和 过去分词（-ed）‎ ‎ 动名词（-ing）‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态 ‎ ‎ 10. 感叹词： oh ah well…‎ ‎ 功能：表示说话时的感情或口气 1. 句子成分摸底测试：‎ （1） 指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分？‎ 1) The students got on the school bus.‎ 2) He handed me the newspaper.‎ 3) I shall answer your questions after class.‎ 4) What a beautiful Chinese painting!‎ 5) They went hunting together early in the morning.‎ （2） 判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句？‎ 1) We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.‎ 2) The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.‎ 3) There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?‎ 4) My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.‎ 5) He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.‎ ‎ ‎ 句子成分的排序口诀：‎ 主在前，谓中间，宾语状语排后面。‎ 短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。‎ 间接宾语若在后，直、间要用 to, for 连。‎ 宾补谓语宾语后，地状常在时状前。‎ 三．课堂作业：‎ 句子成分划分及句子结构分析(一) 　　1： A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food supply，of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of，which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.(2008全国卷一E篇)‎ ‎ 　　 　‎ ‎2： This process is also found among scholars and authors： a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.(2008天津D篇)‎ ‎ 　　 ‎ 四： 课后作业：‎ 句子成分练习题 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：‎ ‎1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather. ( )‎ ‎2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily. ( )‎ ‎3. That was how they were defeated. ( )‎ ‎4. The nursery takes good care of our children. ( )‎ ‎5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow. ( )‎ ‎6. We are sure that we shall succeed. ( )‎ ‎7. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other. ( )‎ ‎8. There are many films that I’d like to see. ( )‎ ‎9. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? ( )‎ ‎10. I have a lot of work to do. ( )‎ 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it. ( )‎ 12. I said it in fun. ( )‎ 13. We can send a car over to fetch you. ( )‎ 14. She had to work standing up. ( )‎ 15. Seeing this, some comrades became very worried. ( )‎ 11. Much interested, he agreed to give it a try. ( )‎ 12. The bus arrived ten minutes late. ( )‎ 13. We should serve the people heart and soul. ( )‎ 14. Spring coming on, the tree turned green. ( )‎ 15. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky. ( )‎ 16. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting. ( )‎ 17. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today. ( )‎ 18. It was in the library that I come today. ( )‎ 19. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working. ( )‎ 20. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. ( )‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（二）语法填空 The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as __31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the _32_ (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, __34____there are many positive developments __35__ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns. __36___ concern relates to a lack of control over__37__ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are _38 _ (restrict) on what kinds of programs can __39__ (broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable __40____ their children to see.‎