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非谓语动词
分类说明
非谓语动词包括三种形式:动词不定式、动词的-ing形式及动词的过去分词。所谓非渭语动词,它虽不具有动词的性质,即在句子中充当谓语,但仍然具有动词的特征,即可带有本身宾语或状语构成非谓语动词短语,在句子中作除谓语以外的任何成分。
在非谓语动词的复习中须注意:
1,非谓语动词的否定式
不定式的否定式是在不定式to前加not,如:not to go there;动词-ing形式及过去分词的否定式是在动词-ing形式及过去分词之前加not,如:not knowing about it,not having got it。not informed。
2.非谓语动词的逻辑主语
动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作主语时,可以没有自己的主语,也可带有自己的主语。动词不定式的主语一般用介词for/of接代词的宾格或名词,成为It’s +adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.形式;动词的-ing形式的主语一般用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。
动词不定式、动词的-ing形式作宾语时,它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。但
动词的-ing形式可以有自己的逻辑主语,其形式一般为代词的宾格、名词的普通格名词的所有格。
动词不定式、动词的.ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时,它们的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语。当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语发出的时,用主动形式;当非谓语动词的动作是句子主语所承受的时,用过去分词、不定式或动词的-ing形式的被动形式;当动词不定式、动词的.ing形式或过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,前面可用代词的主格或名词的普通格作逻辑主语,从而形成独立主格结构。
动词不定式、动词的.ing形式及动词的过去分词作状语时,有的已经从非谓语动词中游离出来而成为固定的短语,从而没有自己的逻辑主语,如:judging by/from,provided/providing,given,to be true,tell you the truth,let alone…
3.非谓语动词的时态
动词不定式一般表示发生在谓语动作之后的事情,若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情,须用不定式的完成式;动词的-ing形式一般表与谓语动词动作同时进行的动作,若要表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的事情,须用动词的-ing形式的完成式。
4.非谓语动词的应用
(1)作主语:动词不定式作主语表示特定的、一次性的事情;动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性的、习惯性或职业性的事情。
(2)作宾语:熟悉并掌握哪些动词接不定式作宾语;哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语;哪些动词或短语既可接动词不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语。need,want,require接动词的.ing形式作宾语,表被动意义,相当于接不定式的被动形式。
(3)作表语:动词不定式表示某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为;动词的-ing形式并不强调动作,而只说明动作的名称。
(4)作宾语补足语:熟悉并掌握哪些动词或短语接不定式作宾语补足语;哪些动词或短语接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语;哪些动词或短语既可接动词的-ing形式又可接不定式作宾语补足语;何时用主动形式作宾语补足语,何时用被动形式或过去分词作宾语补足语。
(5)作定语:A.注意非谓语动词的形式:不定式作定语一般用主动式,只有当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语或宾语时,才用被动式;动词的一ing形式、过去分词作定语时,如果动作是所修饰的词发出的,就用动词的.ing形式;如果动作是所修饰的词承受的,就用过去分词。B.非谓语动词的位置:不定式、动词的.ing形式及过去分词短语作定语时,都要放在所修饰的词之后;单个的动词的.ing形式或过去分词作定语时,一般放在所修饰的词之前。
特别需注意:N.+doing +n./N.+done +n.的区别:动作由名词发出或是名词的目的或内容时用-ing形式,如:an English speaking country,Tree Planting Day;动作是名词承受的时用过去分词,如:a horse driven car,mall.made satellites。
不及物动词的不定式作定语,与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时,不及物动词后面的介词不能丢。
(6)作状语:A.注意句子的主语跟非谓语动词动作的关系;B.非谓语动词起相同作用时的区别,如:不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示结果,但不定式一般表示出乎意料的结果,不定式前面常用only,never等词修饰;而动词的.ing形式表示一种事情发展的自然或必然的结果。不定式、动词的-ing形式都能表示目的,但不定式作目的状语时,一般位于句首,若位于句末时不能用逗号将它与句子分开;动词的-ing形式表示目的时.一般位于句尾,并且常用逗号将它与句子分开。
5.不定式to的省略
(1)动词see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,look at.1isten to.1et,have,make接不定式作宾补时,不定式的to应省略,但句子变为被动语态时,不定式的to不能省略。
(2)and,but等连接两个不定式时,若and,but等前面有do的某种形式时,后面不、定式的to应省略。
(3)不定式作表语时,若主语中有do的某种形式,表谓不定式的to应省略。
回放真题
真题1(2004甘肃、青海卷25)
It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when ________at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning B.having questioned C.questioned D.to be questioned
【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系,可排除选项A、B;根据句子谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作先后关系,答案选c,表被动及完成。
真题2(2004甘肃、青海卷27)
Alice returned from the manager’s office,________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A.having told B.tells C.to tell D.telling
【答案及解析】D根据句子结构排除选项B;根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词所表示的动作的时间顺序,答案选D。
真题3(2004重庆卷30)
Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents _______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
【答案及解析】A get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补
足语是被动的主谓关系,而过去分词正好表被动意义。get sb worried意思是:让某人担忧。
真题4(2004广东卷26)
________the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing B.Not completed
C.Not having completed D.Having not completed
【答案及解析】 C根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成,排除选项D;根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系,排除B;根据句子的意思,没有完成计划的动作应发生在have to stay动作之前,故答案选C。
真题5(2004福建卷27)
The news reporters hurried to the airport,only ________the film stars had left.
A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told
【答案及解析】 B 根据句子的意思,记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果.因此,排除C、D;根据与句子的关系,不是记者告诉他人,而是人家告诉记者,故答案选B。
真题6(2004福建卷34)
Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________the exam.
A.pass B.to pass C.passed D.passing
【答案及解析】D have a hard time(in)doing sth.意思是:在……方面有困难。
真题7(2004湖北卷28)
________with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at a11.
A. Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
【答案及解析】D根据句子结构,排除选项A;根据动词与主句主语的关系,排除选项B、C;故答案选D。
真题8(2004辽宁卷25)
I don t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U.S.A.this September.
A. to be heard B.to be heating C.to hear D.to have heard
【答案及解析】D根据后半句的内容,“我”将去美国学习,可知前半句是问对方是否已听说过“我”的事情了。故答案选D,表示在此之前。
真题9(2004辽宁卷30)
________by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted
【答案及解析】 B根据动词与句子的主语的关系,女孩被吸引,从而排除选项A、D;再根据时间关系,C表示将来的情况,而句子是过去的事实,答案选B。
真题10(2004浙江卷29)
Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________as 3M.
A. knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known
【答案及解析】 B分词形式作定语,grow为及物动词,不带宾语,故选B。
真题11(2004浙江卷32)
I’ve never seen anyone run so fast ________David go.
A.just watch B.just to watch
C.just watching D.just having watched
【答案及解析】A根据破折号及just的用法,故采用祈使句形式,答案选A。
真题12(2004江苏卷25)
The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him l lived nearby.
A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding
【答案及解析】 C insist on doing sth是个固定短语,意为坚持做某事。
真题13(2004广西卷22)
Helen had to shout above the sound of the music.
A.making herself hear B.to make herself hear
C.making herself heard D.to make herself heard
【答案及解析】D短语作状语表结果、伴随、原因等,但若表目的,应用动词不定式。本题意为:为了能让自己被人听见,Helen只好大喊。Make oneself done意为:让自己被……,故D为正确答案。
真题14(2004广西卷31)
Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures ________in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed
【答案及解析】C forming在句中作定语。Forming in your mind=which forms in your mind.
真题15(2004江苏卷31)
The old man,________abroad for twenty years,is on the way back to his motherland.
A.to work B.working C.to have worked D.having worked
【答案及解析】 D现在分词完成式表主动和完成(到谓语动作发生时,非谓语的动作已完成)。
真题16(2004全国[河南、河北、山东、福建]28)
Sarah.hurry up.I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________before the party.
A.get changed B.get change C.get changing D.get to change
【答案及解析】A不定式短语作目的状语,而根据句子的意思,从句的主语you不是给人家更衣,而是给自己更衣,它是不定式动作的承受者,故答案选A,表示被动语态。意思是:没有时间来更衣了。
真题17(2004四川卷28)
“We can’t go out in this weather,”said Bob,________out of the window.
A.1ooking B.to look C.looked D.having looked
【答案及解析】A现在分词一般式表伴随,表Bob说话的同时往窗口外望;B表示未发生的动作;C表示完成;D表示动作发生在said之前,都不符题意,故答案选A。
真题18(2004上海卷27)
According to a recent U.S.survey,children spent up to 25 hours a week ________TV.
A.to watch B.to watching C.watching D.watch
【答案及解析】C spend的用法:spend some time/some money in doing sth。
真题19(2004上海卷33)
The flu is believed ________by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.be have caused
【答案及解析】c不定式作补足语时,如果不定式的动作是前面名词或代词发出,用主动形式;若前面名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式用被动语态。因此答案选C。
真题20(2004上海卷34)
The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt
【答案及解析】 B现在分词作定语,说明被修饰词目前的性质,状态、动作等。
真题21(2004上海卷35)
The disc,digitally _____in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
【答案及解析】A动词的-ing表示主动,意思是前面名词所发出的动作,说明当前的性质、状态或动作;过去分词表被动或完成;不定式表将来;动词的-ing的完成时指动作发生在句子动作之前,也表主动。根据本题意思,正确答案为A,表示被录制的唱片。
真题22(2004上海卷42)
Having been attacked by terrorists,________.
A.doctors came to their rescue B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken D.warnings were given to tourists
【答案及解析】 B分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面分词的语态可知,句子的主语应该是the tall building,因此答案选B。
真题23(2004上海卷49)
Some people like dinking coffee,for it has ________effects.
A.promoting B.stimulating C.enhancing D.encouraging
【答案及解析】 B promoting:提升的,enhancing:加强的,encouraging:鼓励的,与题意不符。只有B表有刺激性的,能说明咖啡有刺激作用。故答案为B。
真题24(2004天津卷34)
Don’t leave the water ________while you brush your teeth.
A.run B.running C.being run D.to run
【答案及解析】 B非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,选项A、D表示将来可能的动作;B、C表示一直不停的动作,而B表示宾语发出的动作,c表示宾语承受的动作。根据句子意思,答案选B,指水不停地流出。
真题25(2004北京卷23)
My advisor encouraged——a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A.for me to take B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take
【答案及解析】D考查动词encourage sb.to do sth.的结构。意思是:我的顾问鼓励我去参加暑季课程以提高我的写作技巧。
真题26(2004北京卷29)
________in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited
【答案及解析】
C考查分词短语作状语。当Tom意识到钱包忘在家里时,已经排队等了半小时。因此,答案选C,表示分词的动作发生在句子谓语动词的动作之前。
真题27(2004湖南卷33)
You were silly not ________your car.
A.to lock B.to have locked C.1ocking D.having locked
【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知:这是对已发事故的责备,没有锁车的行为发生在责备之前,应该用完成式,排除A、C;再根据非谓语动词的含义,不定式表示某具体的事情,而动词的-ing形式表示经常性或习惯性的行为,从而可推知答案选B。
真题28(2004北京春季卷32)
He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A.put B.to be putting C.to put D.putting
【答案及解析】D catch sb doing sth意为发觉某人正在做某事,doing sth在此用作宾补。选项A表示前面名词所承受的动作,不妥;选项B表示将来某个时候正在做的事情;选项c表示事情还没有做,都不合情理。
真题29(2004上海春季卷35)
I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ________?
A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought
【答案及解析】B 动词不定式作定语,当它的逻辑主语为句子的主语时,用主动形式。
真题30(2004上海春季卷39)
The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________as the plane was making a landing.
A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating
【答案及解析】C remain可作连系动词,相当于be。再看seat的用法:seat oneself in/on/at…可转化为:sb be seated in/on/at…。
真题31(2004上海春季卷40)
Victor apologized for ________to inform me of the change in the plan-
A.his being not able B.him not to be able
C.his not being able D.him to be not able
【答案及解析】C首先,apologize的句法结构为apologize for one’s/sb doing sth,于是排除B、D,再看非谓语动词的否定式:否定词必须在非谓语动词的前面。故答案选C。
真题32(2004上海春季卷42)
After his journey form abroad,Richard Johns returned home,________.
A.exhausting B.exhausted C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
【答案及解析】 B exhausting与exhausted意义区别。exhausted意思是:感到精疲力竭的,说明主语的状态;exhausting意为:令人精疲力竭的,说明主语的性质或特征。根据语境Richard是人,只能用选项B来表示他所处的状态。而A、C、D在此都不合题意。
真题33(2003全国卷22)
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked
【答案及解析】 B考查非谓语动词在句中作及物动词被动语态的主语补足语的用法。find接补足语时的句型为find sb/sth doing/to be…/to have
done.../done.不能接其它不定式作补足语。根据句意,只有厨师在厨房里正吸烟时被发现才能被解雇。因此,只能用现在分词表进行,不能用动词不定式(不定式常表示“具体的”已发生的或未发生的行为)。译文:如果(有人)发现厨师在厨房里吸烟,他就会马上被解雇。
真题34(2003北京卷21)
The teacher asked us ________so much noise.
A.don’t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make
【答案及解析】D考查不定式用法。在动词ask后面用不定式作复合宾语.其否定形式是not to do。常见的这类动词还有:tell,warn, order, advise等。
真题35(2003北京卷28)
________time,he’11 make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given
【答案及解析】D考查非谓语动词。句意:要是给他时问,他会成为一流的网球运动员。不定式作状语表示目的,排除B。分词作状语要看与主语的关系。句子主语he是give的逻辑宾语,用过去分词。注意当从句主语和主句的主语保持一致时,从句可省略(If he is),排除A和c项。
真题36(2003上海卷37)
The discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A.the thief having caught B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught D.the thief to be caught
【答案及解析】C lead to这个词组中to是介词,后面跟名词,于是B、D被排除;the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构,与catch之间应是被动关系,故排除A。
真题37(2003上海卷43)
An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ________ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued
【答案及解析】 A order后应按不定式,即order sb to do sth,因此B被排除。又因为issue clear warnings(发出明显警告)的主语是all the soldiers,也就是说all the soldiers是issue的施动者,所以issue要用主动形式,D也被排除。句子没有强调动作对现在造成的影响,不必用完成时态,而且句子中的had been ordered所接的动作,指命令后要做而还未做的事,故只用一般不定式。答案为A。
真题38(2003北京春季卷35)
Mr. Smith,________of the ________speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired;boring B.tiring;bored C. tired;bored D.tiring;boring
【答案及解析】 A tired of“感到厌倦”,过去分词作状语,常用来形容人;boring“令人厌烦的”,形容词,常用来形容物。所以其中状语可分解为:Mr. Smith was tired of the speech.The speech was boring.译文:听烦了乏味的演讲,Mr. Smith’读起了小说。
真题39(2003安徽春季卷22)
--Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend ________there.
A. waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits
【答案及解析】A leave sb doing使某人处于某种状态,这一动作持续一段时间。D排除,因此处应用非谓语动词;B、C无持续状态的意思。答案为A。
真题40(2003安徽春季卷28)
The manager ________his factory’s products were poor in quality,decided to give his workers further training.
A.knowing B.known C.to know D.being known
【答案及解析】A变为定语从句应为“ne manager.who knew his factory’s products were poor in quality…”know为主动,排除B、D。定语从句变为短语应用分词短语来表示。答案为A。
真题41(2003安徽春季卷32)
The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B.having seen C.to have seen D.to see
【答案及解析】 D 原句应为…as if he stopped and looked to see whether由于从句与主句有相同的主语和谓语,故将从句的主语、谓语同时省略,而只留下目的状语。
真题42(2003上海春季卷35)
Friendship is like money:easier made than ________.
A.kept B.to be kept C.keeping D.being kept
【答案及解析】A西方谚语中,常用单词的相同形式进行表达,m。d。和kept都是过去分词,表示被动。答案为A。
真题43(2003上海春季卷36)
________the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A.The president will attend B.The president to attend
C.The president attended D.The president’s attending
【答案及解析】D从句子结构来看,句子中已经有谓语,故选项A排除;选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞,讲不通,因为给出鼓舞的应该是事或精神,而不应该是人;选项C中的attended若作谓语,则与句子结构矛盾,若作过去分词,又与前面的“总统”的关系矛盾;因此,只有D正确,句子的意思是:“总统亲自出席这次会议”这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞。
真题44(2003上海春季卷37)
Unless ________to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.
A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited
【答案及解析】A在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略,而将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所发出时,用现在分词形式;当从句的谓语动词的动作为主句的主语所承受时,用过去分词形式。
真题45(2003上海春季卷38)
She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live.
A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing
【答案及解析】 B根据句子中所暗含的时间,是指要起的作用,故排除选项A和D;而不定式作定语时,若不定式的动作为句子的主语或宾语所发出时,用主动语态而不用被动语态,故答案选B。
真题46(2002全国卷32)
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains ________whether they will enjoy it.
A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen
【答案及解析】 B这是一个主语从句。it作形式主语,whether they will enjoy it作真正的主语。remain后接to do sth.作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系,所以要用to
be seen作remains的表语。
真题47(2002全国卷34)
The research is so designed that once ________nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun
【答案及解析】D once begun在句子中作状语。begin可以作及物动词,意思是“着手”。译文:这项研究设计得那么好,一旦着手研究,就没有什么地方要更改的了。
真题48(2002北京卷34)
----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
----The key________ the problem is to meet the demand _______by the customers.
A.to solving;making B.to solving;made
C.to solve;making D.to solve;made
【答案及解析l B to放在key的后面作介词,后接动名词;过去分词短语
made by the customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系,所以要
用过去分词。这句话的意思是“解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求”。
真题49(2002上海卷25)
In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving ________their products more competitive.
A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made
【答案及解析】 A strive to do sth=try to do sth“非常努力做某事”,动词不定式作目的状语,表示努力的目的。译文:为了在国际市场上取得更大的份额,许多国有公司正努力使自己的产品具有竞争性。答案为A。
真题50(2002上海卷30)
Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ________if a minor was broken.
A.was sure of striking B.was sure of having struck
C.was sure to be struck D.was sure to strike
【答案及解析】 D be sure of“对……确信,有把握”,主语必须是人。be sure to do sth“就要,一定会”,主语可以是人或物。动词不定式表示将要发生的事,意思是“就要……”。译文:过去很多人都认为如果镜子破了,一定会引起灾难。注意.be+形容词后接不定式的一般式,不用被动式。如:The problem is difficult for us to work out.我们很难解决这个问题。
真题51(2002上海卷33)
Though ________money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.1acked B.1acking of C.1acking D.1acked in
【答案及解析】 C lack是及物动词,后接宾语money。his parents与lack是主谓关系,要用现在分词作状语。译文:虽然缺钱,他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。
真题52(2002上海卷34)
Don’t use words,expressions,or phrases ________only to people with specific knowledge.
A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known
【答案及解析】D know与words,expressions,phrases是动宾关系,要用过去分词作定语,表示被动。having been known是现在分词完成时的被动式,不能作定语。译文:不要使用只有具有专业知识的人才知道的词语。
真题53(2002上海卷38)
________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
【答案及解析】C在非谓语动词中,用动名词或不定式来作主语,而分词和介词短语不能作主语,因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中,will do是谓语,缺少主语,要用动名词作主语。expose与one’s skin是动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文:在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
真题54(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
Prices of daily goods ________through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying
【答案及解析】 B goods是动词bought的逻辑宾语,所以用过去分词修饰,表被动。
真题55(2002上海春季卷25)
In some parts of London,missing a bus means ________for another hour.
A.waiting B.to.wait C.wait D.to be waiting
【答案及解析】 A mean doing sth.的意思是“意味着什么”。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做什么”。译文:在英国的某些地方,赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。
真题56(2002上海春季卷29)
When ________,the museum will be open to the public next year.
A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed
【答案及解析】 A complete与museum是动宾关系,要用过去分词completed作状语,表示被动。译文:当这座博物馆建成后,将在明年向公众开放。to be completed作目的状语,不与when连用。答案为A。
真题57(2002上海春季卷37)
With a lot of difficult problems ________,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled
【答案及解析】C 动词不定式to settle作difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题;过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题;现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。所提供的情境the newly.elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,所以要用to settle作定语。
真题58(2001全国卷35)
_______such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
【答案及解析】A首先确定为主动语态,然后根据already又可判断用完成时。译文:由于已经受到如此严重的污染,现在清理河道可能太晚了。答案为A。
真题59(2001上海卷29)
D0 let your mother know all the truth.She appears _________everything.
A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told
【答案及解析】 D tell是及物动词,后面要接宾语。因为在这个句子中,tell后面没有宾语,所以要用动词不定式的被动式。义因为知道了一切发生在告诉真相之前,所以要用动词不定式的完成式。译文:一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已知道了一切事情。
真题60(2001上海卷31)
I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.
A.to have had time B.having time C.to have time D.to having time
【答案及解析】 B appreciate后接动名词作宾语。译文:我真的喜欢和你一起在这个迷人的小岛上放松一下。
真题61(2001上海卷38)
The bell ________the end of the period rang,________our heated discussion.
A.indicating;interrupting B.indicated;interrupting
C.indicating;interrupted D.indicated:interrupted
【答案及解析】 A the bell在句子中作indicate和interrupt的逻辑主语,所以要用现在分词。答案为A。
真题62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷21)
________late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.
A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept
【答案及解析】A用不定式表示具体的目的,sleep late“睡懒觉”。译文:为了早上多睡一会儿,鲍勃关闭了闹钟。答案为A。
真题63(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷24)
One learns a language by making mistakes and ________them.
A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct
【答案及解析】 B介词by后接动名词,用and连接的两个表示并列成分的非谓语动词形式要一致。
真题64(2001上海春季卷28)
Sandy could do nothing but ________to his teacher that he was wrong.
A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit
【答案及解析】 A该句中的but是介词,后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do,does或did时,后接不带to白怀定式;是其它动词时,后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing,要填动词原形admit。译文:山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。答案为A。
真题65(2001上海春季卷36)
Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________some schools for Door children.
A. set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up
【答案及解析】B to devote sth.to后接动名词作宾语,即:devote sth.doing sth.。有的考生把all he had to当成了一个短语,误填了set up。实际上.a11 he had作devoted的宾语,是一个宾语从句。译文:利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。
真题66(2001上海春季卷37)
________blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give
【答案及解析】B if you can是条件状语从句。如果把这个句子转为简单句______blood and many lives will be saved.就可以确定这是一个“祈使句+and”的句型。
真题67(2001上海春季卷38)
________from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A.Suffered B.Suffering C.Having suffered D.Being suffered
【答案及解析】C 根据状语for years可判断用现在分词的完成式。译文:经受了多年心脏病折磨的痛苦,怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药。
真题68(2000全国卷19)
I’ve worked with children before,so I know what ________in my new job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects
【答案及解析】B 在非谓语动词中,疑问词后只接不定式。此句中“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
真题69(2000全国卷22)
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A.early out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
【答案及解析】 C that they would like to see是定语从句;carried out作plan的定语表示被动。
真题70(2000上海卷22)
They’re not very good,but we like ________.
A.anyway to play basketball with them B.to play basketball with them anyway
C.to play with them basketball anyway D.with them to play basketball anyway
【答案及解析】B动词like后接宾语to play basketball;宾语后接with them;anyway为副词,用作状语,放在句末。
真题71(2000上海卷31)
He sent me an e-mail,________to get further information.
A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope
【答案及解析】 B现在分词hoping表示与send me an e.mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时,句子的正确形式是:He sent me an e-mail to get further information.如果要选择“hoped”时,句子的正确形式是:He sent me an e—mail and hoped to get further information。 “hoped”和“sent”作并列谓语。
真题72(2000上海卷37)
_____in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being founded B.It was funded C.Founded D.Founding
【答案及解析】 c简单句的主语Harvard与Found是动宾关系,所以要用过去分词短语(Founded in 1636)作状语。
真题73(2000上海卷39)
The ________boy was last seen ________near the East Lake.
A.missing;playing B.missing;play
C.missed;played D.missed;to play
【答案及解析】 A missing是形容词,作boy的定语,意思是“失踪的”;而missed是miss的过去式,意思是“错过”,作谓语,排除C、D。was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。答案为A。
真题74(2000上海卷40)
Tony was very unhappy for ________to the party.
A.having not been invited B.not having invited
C.having not invited D.not having been invited
【答案及解析】D invite与Tony构成动宾关系,所以要用动名词的被动结构 (not having been invited)。not要放在非谓语动词的前面。选项A和C都是错误的形式。
真题75(2000京、皖春季卷15)
The picture ________on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A.having hung B.hanging C:hangs D.being hung
【答案及解析】 B选项B表状态;而选项D表动作;is painted在句子中作谓语,所以要填hang的非谓语形式。因为hang+表方位的介词短语,hang是不及物动词,非谓语动词不能用被动式表示主动,所以要用现在分词。
真题76(2000京、皖春季卷17) :
________the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
【答案及解析】 A过去分词Given构成的短语在句子中作状语,表示被动。意思是:“在……情况下,考虑到”。译文:考虑到他的健康情况一般,他手术后需要一段时间才能恢复。答案为A。
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