通用高考英语一轮复习基础知识解读UnitWildlifeprotection 11页

Unit 4　Wildlife protection Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．decrease vi.&vt. 减少；(使)变小；或变少 ‎2．loss n. 损失；遗失；丧失 ‎3．importance n. 重要(性)‎ ‎4．mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 ‎5．bite vt.&vi. (bit，bitten)咬；叮；刺痛 ‎6．inspect vt. 检查；视察 ‎7．incident n. 事件；事变 ‎8．affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭 ‎9．appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到 ‎→appreciation n. 感激；鉴赏 ‎10．protect vt. 保护；防卫；警戒 ‎→protection n. 保护 ‎11．hunt vt.&vi. 打猎；猎取；搜寻 ‎→hunter n. 猎人；搜寻者 ‎12．respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应 ‎→response n. 响应；反应；回答 ‎13．distant adj. 远的；远处的 ‎→distance n. 距离；远方 ‎14．relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；‎ ‎ 减轻痛苦的事物 ‎→relieve vt. 解除，缓解 ‎15．contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍 ‎→container n. 集装箱；容器 ‎16．succeed vi. 成功 ‎ ‎ vt. 接替；继任 ‎→success n. 成功；胜利；成功的人或事物 ‎→successful adj. 成功的 ‎17．employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)‎ ‎→employer n. 雇主；老板 ‎→employee n. 雇员 ‎→employment n. 使用；职业；雇用 ‎→unemployment n. 失业；失业率 ‎18．harm n．&vt. 损害；危害 ‎→harmful adj. 有害的；能造成损害的 ‎→harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎19．wild adj. 野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的 ‎20．laughter n. 笑；笑声 ‎21．certain adj. 确定的；某一；一定 ‎22．reserve n. 保护区 ‎23．income n. 收入 ‎24．fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的 ‎25．ending n. 结局；结尾 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．die out 灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎2．in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地 ‎3．in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危 ‎4．in relief 如释重负；松了口气 ‎5．burst into laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来 ‎6．protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎7．pay attention to 注意 ‎8．come into being 形成；产生 ‎9．according to 按照；根据……所说 ‎10．so that 以至于；结果；为了 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.(as引导方式状语从句，‎ ‎1.如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。‎ If you do as I say，your dream will 意为“按照……”)‎ ‎ come true soon.‎ ‎2.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.(the way是先行词，后跟定语从句)‎ ‎2.诚实地说，我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。‎ To be honest，we admired the way (that/in which) he solved the problem.‎ ‎3.This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left.(There be (no)．..left to do sth.(没)留下……)‎ ‎3.快点，我们赶最后一班车的时间不多了。‎ Hurry up，there is little time left for us to catch the last bus.‎ 精讲6个考纲单词 ‎ contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍 ‎[高考佳句]　It contains a lot of pictures taken during my childhood.It keeps a record of my birth at the hospital，my first smile and my first walk.(2014年重庆高考·写作)这里面包含了我童年拍摄的许多照片。照片记录了我在医院出生的情况，我的第一次微笑和我的第一次行走。‎ contain oneself 克制自己 container n. 容器 ‎①Hearing the disappointing news，he was too sad to contain himself.‎ 听到这个令人失望的消息，他难过得无法控制自己。‎ ‎②The stadium is large enough to contain (contain) 100 thousand audience.‎ 体育场足够大能容纳10万观众。‎ ‎【导学号：30892048】‎ ‎ affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭 ‎[高考佳句]　The traffic issue is very difficult to settle.It not only affects our everyday life but may also threaten people's lives.(2015年江苏高考·书面表达)交通问题很难解决，它不仅影响着我们的日常生活，而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。‎ ‎(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动 be affected with high fever 发高烧 ‎(2)effect n. 作用；影响 have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响 ‎①Affected (affect) with high fever，he continued with his work.尽管发高烧，他仍然继续工作。‎ ‎②Think of the movies，books，teachers，and friends that have the deepest effect on you most deeply.‎ 想一想给你带来最深刻影响的电影、书籍、老师及朋友。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 听众被深深地打动了，他们长时间热烈地鼓掌。‎ ‎①The audience were/was deeply affected，and they warmly applauded for a long time.‎ ‎②Deeply affected，the audience warmly applauded for a long time.(分词作状语)‎ ‎③The audience，deeply affected，warmly applauded for a long time.(分词作定语)‎ ‎ appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到；欣赏 ‎[高考佳句]　When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a coollooking device that allows us to easily squeeze the toothpaste onto our brush.(2016年上海高考·短文填空)‎ 在选择像牙膏这类日常用品时，我们喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上。‎ ‎(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing 重视/感激……‎ I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激 ‎(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎①Successfully，I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class，which have been appreciated by both teachers and my classmates.(2013年陕西高考·书面表达)在班级的几次英语活动中我成功地帮助了她，这受到师生的赞赏。‎ ‎②I would appreciate it if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.(山东高考·书面表达)如果您能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。‎ ‎③I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.‎ 我讨厌别人满嘴食物时说话。‎ ‎ succeed vi.成功；继承 vt.接替；继任 ‎[高考佳句]　As long as we have the enthusiasm to follow our dream，we are sure ‎ to succeed eventually.(2014年福建高考·书面表达)‎ 只要我们有热情追随梦想，最终我们一定能成功。‎ ‎(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事 succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……‎ ‎(2)successful adj. 成功的 be successful in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事 ‎(3)success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事物 ‎①We all succeeded in passing the midterm exam，which made our teacher very happy.‎ 我们都成功地通过了期中考试，这使老师很高兴。‎ ‎②As far as I know，John succeeded Tom as chairman of the Students' Union.‎ 据我所知，约翰接替汤姆成为学生会的主席。‎ ‎③Finally，I wish this year's English speech competition a great success.‎ 最后我预祝今年的英语比赛取得圆满成功。‎ ‎ employ vt.雇用；利用(时间、精力等)‎ ‎[经典例句]　If I am lucky enough to be employed，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.如果我有幸被雇用，我将用最大的努力来回报您的信任。‎ ‎(1)employ sb. as... 雇用某人任……‎ employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 忙于(做)某事 ‎(2)employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员 employment n. 雇用 ‎①More than 3，000 local workers are employed in the tourism industry，which helps some people who are out of work.3 000余名当地工人受雇于旅游业，这帮助了一些失业人员。‎ ‎②Mary has been employed (employ) in making preparations for the trip all the afternoon.‎ 整个下午，玛丽都在忙着准备这次旅行。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 他这些天忙于复习功课，没与你取得联系。(employ)‎ ‎①He was employed in/employed himself in going over his lessons these days，so he didn't get in touch with you.‎ ‎②Employed in reviewing his lessons these days，he didn't get in touch with ‎ you.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎③Employing himself in going over his lessons these days，he didn't get in touch with you.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎【导学号：30892049】‎ ‎ harm n. & vt.损害；危害 ‎[高考佳句]　Most people would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human beings rather than harm them.‎ 大部分的人都认为核科学应该被发展来造福人类而不是伤害他们。‎ ‎(1)do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害 do sb.harm＝do harm to sb. 伤害某人；对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处 ‎(2)harmful adj. 有害的；造成伤害的 be harmful to... 对……有害 ‎①But like so many other things，it is only too much stress that does you harm.(2016年上海高考·短文填词)但是像许多其他事情一样，是太多的压力对你造成伤害的。‎ ‎②There is no harm in giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards.‎ 给孩子礼物没有什么坏处，但礼物不应该是奖品。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。‎ ‎①As we know，watching violence on TV really harms children．(harm vt.)‎ ‎②As we know，watching violence on TV really does harm to children/does children harm．(harm n．)‎ ‎③As we know，watching violence on TV is really harmful to children．(harmful adj.)‎ 诠释3个核心短语 ‎ die out灭亡；逐渐消失 ‎[经典例句]　With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earth's species are dying out.(2016年安庆一模·书面表达)随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在逐渐消失。‎ ‎(1)die away (声音、光线等)逐渐消失 die of/from 因……而死 die down 减弱；平息 die off 相继死亡 ‎(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望 be dying to do sth. 极想做某事 ‎①The sound of their laughter died away.‎ 他们的笑声渐渐消失了。‎ ‎②Although the wind has died down，the rain remains steady，so you still need a raincoat.‎ 尽管风小了，雨仍然不停，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。‎ ‎③London was a new world to me and I was dying to find(find) out more about it for myself.‎ 伦敦对我来说是个新世界，我渴望更多地了解这个城市。‎ ‎ protect...from 保护……不受……(危害)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　Furthermore，the pen is made of the extremely strong materials，which can protect the pen from the damage when it might fall down onto the ground.(2014年湖南高考·书面表达)‎ 而且，这是用非常坚硬的材料做成的钢笔，当它可能摔到地上时这种材料起保护作用以免钢笔损坏。‎ ‎(1)protect...against 保护……以防……‎ 阻止……做……‎ ‎①As is known to us all，shoes play an important role in our life，for they can protect our feet from being hurt (hurt)．众所周知，鞋子在我们的生活中起着重要的作用，因为它们能保护我们的脚免受伤害。‎ ‎②Great efforts should be made to prevent/keep/stop the flu virus from spreading(spread)．‎ 人们应当尽力阻止流感病毒的蔓延。‎ ‎[名师点津]　以上短语在被动语态里from均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。‎ ‎ pay attention to注意；留意 ‎[高考佳句]　If you are interested，please pay attention to the following requirements.(2014年辽宁高考·书面表达)如果你感兴趣，请注意下面的要求。‎ draw/attract/catch one's attention 引起某人的注意 turn one's attention to... 把某人的注意力转移到……‎ fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on...‎ ‎ 某人的注意力集中在……‎ ‎①In order to protect the balance of nature，the professor suggested that we should pay attention to improving people's environmental awareness.为了保护生态平衡，教授建议我们重视提高环保意识。‎ ‎②You speak English very well，but more attention should be paid (pay) to your written English.‎ 你英语说得非常好，但应多注意书面英语。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 他站在那里，集中注意力看墙上的布告。‎ ‎①He stood there，and his attention was fixed on the notice on the wall.(被动语态)‎ ‎②He stood there，fixing his attention on the notice on the wall.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)‎ ‎③He stood there，his attention fixed on the notice on the wall.(独立主格结构作状语)‎ ‎④He fixed his attention on the notice on the wall while standing there.(状语从句的省略)‎ 突破2个高考句型 ‎ (教材P26)That's good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests.‎ 那是个好消息。这体现了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过，我还是想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议帮助你们。 ‎ as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。‎ as作为连词的用法主要有：‎ ‎(1)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎(2)“当……时候；一面……一面；随着”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(3)“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。‎ ‎①As the old saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”‎ 常言道，“入乡随俗。”‎ ‎②As children get older，they become more and more interested in everything.‎ 随着孩子们一天天长大，他们对所有的事物越来越感兴趣。‎ ‎③As I was busy preparing for my final exam，I didn't reply to your email as soon as I received it.‎ 因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到邮件就给你回复。‎ ‎ (教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.‎ 他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。‎ 这是一个复合句。the way是先行词，其后是一个定语从句，省略了作状语的关系词that/in which。‎ ‎(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，此时可以将作状语的关系词that/in which省略。‎ ‎(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that/which，作宾语时关系词可以省略。‎ ‎①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he speaks English.‎ 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。‎ ‎②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.‎ 在会议上提出的方法不切实际。‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was worried，because he lost his bag (contain) his passport，ID card and a lot of money.‎ ‎2．His amusing performance caused a roar of (laugh) in the audience.‎ ‎3．Around 540 million people (affect) by secondhand smoke，which causes 100，000 deaths per year.‎ ‎4．After graduation from college，he began to wander from city to city， (hunt) for a suitable job.‎ ‎【导学号：30892050】‎ ‎5．It's a pity that there is little water (leave) for them to drink.‎ ‎【答案】　1.containing　2.laughter　3.are affected　4.hunting　5.left Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Almost all the animals have their special ways to protect them from their enemies.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．You should pay attention about your pronunciation so that you can make yourself understood.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．Tom，it's late for school.Get up and get dressing quickly.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．As we all know，smoking is harmful for our health.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．Something must be done to keep the environment from polluted.‎ ‎【导学号：30892051】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.them→themselves　2.about→to　3.dressing→dressed　4.for→to　5.from后加being 重难考点多维练 appreciate面面观 ‎(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①On the night of the Midautumn Day，people gather together eating moon cakes and (appreciate) the full moon.‎ ‎②Here I sincerely express my (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.‎ ‎③I appreciate (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎④(2015·陕西高考·书面表达)如果你给我这样一次机会展示我的才华我将感激不尽。‎ ‎ you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.‎ ‎【答案】　①appreciating　②appreciation　③being given　④I would appreciate it if Ⅰ.课文短文改错 根据P30课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth.The more famous of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived in the earth tens of millions of years ago，long before humans came being.Their future seemed securely at that time.There had many different kinds of dinosaurs.The number of them used to living in China.Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in ‎ so a short time.According to a UN reports，some 844 animals and plants have been disappeared in the last 500 years.‎ ‎【导学号：30892052】‎ ‎【答案】　1.第2句的more→most　2.第3句的in→on　3.第3句的came后加into　4.第4句的securely→secure　5.第5句的had→were　6.第6句的The→A　7.第6句的living→live　8.第7句的so→such　9.第8句的reports→report　10.第8句去掉been Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。‎ ‎1．当今，随着经济的发展，许多城市面临着严重的环境问题，这对人们的生活有害。(be faced with；environmental problem；do great harm to)‎ ‎2．遗憾的是，许多人没有意识到环保的重要性。‎ ‎3．过度捕杀极大地影响了野生动物的数量。(affect)‎ ‎4．结果，一些动物绝迹，也有一些处境危险。(die out；in danger)‎ ‎5．幸运的是，政府已经关注这个问题，并采取了一系列措施。(pay attention to)‎ ‎6．我们会成功地阻止这种状况的恶化。(succeed in；prevent...from)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Nowadays，with the development of economy，many cities are faced with serious environmental problems，which does great harm to people's life.It is a pity that many people don't realize the importance of environmental protection.‎ Hunting too much has affected the number of wild animals greatly.As a result, some animals have died out and others are in danger.Fortunately, our government has paid attention to the situation and has taken a series of measures.We will succeed in preventing the situation from getting worse.‎