高考英语二轮语法精讲精练代词 8页

高考英语二轮语法词汇复习系列 第二章 代词 用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等。‎ ‎ 高考重点要求：‎ 1、 物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法 2、 定代词的指代含义以及数的情况 ‎3、it的基本用法 第一节 知识点概述 一、人称代词 1． 人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。‎ 2． 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性she（her）和中性it（it），复数和宾语形式都只有一个形式they和them，不分性别。‎ 3． 选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。‎ 二、物主代词 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。‎ 物主代词的用法：‎ ‎（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：‎ His pencil box is on the desk.‎ This is our school.‎ ‎（2）名词性物主代词作名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。‎ ‎ 作主语：‎ ‎ Richard’s school bag is blue and mine is black. 理查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。（mine=my school bag）‎ ‎ 作表语：‎ ‎ It’s his. 这是他的（东西）。‎ ‎ 作宾语：‎ ‎ He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及物动词的宾语）‎ ‎ “of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调：‎ ‎ He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。‎ ‎·注意：‎ 试比较下面两句句子：‎ This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人）‎ This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）‎ 三、反身代词 反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系。通常在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。‎ 四、指示代词 ‎（一）指示代词是具有指示概念的代词 this 这； that 那； these 这些； those 那些； such 如此的； same 同样的 ‎（二）指示代词的用法 ‎（1）this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ ‎（2）such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的”，such a 这样一个，such as 像…这样的。‎ ‎（3）same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。‎ 例如：‎ 1） That is our English teacher. （主语）‎ 2） This storybook is thicker than that one. (定语)‎ 3） I prefer this (these) to that (those). （宾语）‎ 4） What he likes best is this/that. (表语)‎ 5） I have never read such an exciting book. （定语）‎ 6） I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语)‎ 7） Such is our trip plan. (主语) （指上文提到过或刚说过的内容）。‎ 8） She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语)‎ 9） We were born on the same day. (定语)‎ ‎·注意：‎ 1） this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here 连用；that、 those 指空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与 there 连用。‎ 2） 打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。‎ 3） such 作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such置于不定冠词之前 。‎ 4） 在 same 之前必须加冠词 the 。‎ 五、疑问代词 ‎1．Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。‎ ‎2．Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。‎ ‎3．Whose 用于明确所有者。ｗhom 在口语中，多为 who 代替。 ‎ 六、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如：anybody, something, no one）。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但none和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every和no只能作定语。‎ ‎ ‎ 七、it的用法 （一）作无人称代词 1. 指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如：‎ It rains continually in the south in June. It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.‎ ‎2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如：‎ ‎ Where is my notebook? It was here just now.‎ ‎ There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.‎ ‎3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如：‎ ‎ The baby cried because it was hungry.‎ ‎ Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?‎ ‎（二）用作强调句，构成强调结构 句型结构：It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如：‎ ‎ It was last night that they left for H.K.‎ ‎ It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.‎ ‎（三）it作形式主语和形式宾语 it作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如： I found it interesting to study English.‎ ‎ It is of great help to master a foreign language.‎ 第二节 实战演练 一、复习时需注意的要点 ‎1.不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。‎ ‎2.不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。‎ 例:Much has been done to fight pollution；each of them has got a present.‎ ‎3.many, few和both用于可数名词，表示复数概念。 ‎ ‎4.All, both和each和含有every的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。‎ 例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia.‎ ‎ She can’t work out both of the difficult problems.‎ Everybody cannot work out the problem.‎ ‎5.Neither,none和含有no的复合代词表示全部否定。‎ 例:None of us can answer the question.‎ Neither of the questions is right.‎ 二、历届高考试题分析 例1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of ____.‎ A. others B. the other C. either D. another 答案：B ‎ ‎【解析】 根据上文neither的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用the other。这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。‎ 例2、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for_________ two weeks. ‎ A. another B. other C. the other D. other's 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 another意为“又一，再一”，后面如接two, three等数词或few等时，可与复数形式连用，我们可以把two weeks看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再待两星期。而 other，the other用于两者之间的另一个，other's是other的所有格形式，故B、C、D都不可选。‎ 例3、The Parkers bought a new house but_________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.‎ A. they B. it C. one D. which 答案为B。 ‎ ‎【解析】 it指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指a new house；而one指“同名异物”；which引导定语从句，但题干中有连词but，并非主从句，which不妥；A为复数，更易排除。‎ 例4、In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.‎ A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案为D。‎ ‎【解析】 it在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。由于空格出现在fact的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，而选了that。而实际上，in fact是介词短语作状语，后不能接同位语从句。译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中，对警察来说，维持秩序是一项很难的工作。‎ 例5、Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ________?‎ A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest 答案为D。‎ ‎【解析】 wheat是不可数名词，不能用others代替。the rest既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名词，此处指the rest of the wheat。‎ 例6、If this dictionary is not yours, _______ can it be?‎ A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who else’s 答案为D。‎ ‎【解析】 考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else“其他什么人”，用于主格，宾格。who else's“其他什么人”，用于所有格。 ‎ 例7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.‎ A. the other is white B. another white ‎ C. the other white D. another is white 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查one…the other结构，由此排除B、D；原句结构为“…the other(should be painted)white，为避免重复可省略。‎ 例8、—He was nearly drowned once. ‎ ‎—When was _______ ? ‎ ‎— _______was in 1998 when he was in middle school.‎ A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 答案为A。‎ ‎【解析】 用that指代上文提到的事，避免了重复；it指代时间。‎ 例9、—Your coffee smells great!‎ ‎—It's from Mexico. Would you like_________?‎ A. it B. some C. this D. little 答案为B。‎ ‎【解析】 some相当于some of this coffee.‎ 例10、Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.‎ A. some B. any C. that D. those 答案为C。‎ ‎【解析】 这句话的意思是“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。”that在句子中代表the pleasure。一些考生只注意到Few pleasures是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。 ‎ 第三节 巩固练习 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A、B、C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.‎ ‎1. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ____.‎ A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else ‎3. Playing tricks on others is ____ we should never do.‎ A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ‎4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ____ from some wood we had.‎ A. it B. one C. himself D. another ‎5. I got the story from Tom and ____ people who had worked with him.‎ A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than ‎6. You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you like.‎ A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however ‎7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ____ couldn’t spare me even one ‎ ‎ minute.‎ A. they B. one C. who D. it ‎8. —One week’s time has been wasted. ‎ ‎—I can’t believe we did all that work for ____.‎ A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything ‎9. If you run after two hares, you will catch ______.‎ A. none B. neither C. nothing D. no one ‎10. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ___ to talk to.‎ A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. on one ‎11. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish in two days ?‎ A．the rest B．the other C．another D．the others ‎12. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? ‎ ‎ —________ way as you please. ‎ A．Each B．Every C．Any D．Either ‎13. You must never think that you are good at ______while others are good at ______‎ A. everything …something else B. everything…nothing C. all…none D. nothing …all ‎14. —Do you like _____ here?‎ ‎—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.‎ ‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it ‎15. That' s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ______ he' s done for you.‎ ‎ A. something B. anything C. all D. that ‎16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _____ of them came. ‎ ‎ A. neither B. either C. none D. both ‎17. The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ”‎ ‎ A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is ‎ ‎18. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. ‎ ‎ A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are ______ .‎ A. him and her             B. his and hers C. his and her              D. him and hers ‎20. My mother opened ______of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he was going to put in ______of them .‎ A. every…each B. everyone …every C. every one …everyone D. each …each ‎ ‎21. —He was nearly drowned once. ‎ ‎—When was _______ ? ‎ ‎—_______was in 1998 when he was in middle school.‎ A. that…It B. this…This C. this…It D. that….This ‎22. —You're always working. Come on. Let's go shopping. ‎ ‎—_______ you ever want to do is going shopping. ‎ A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That ‎23. —Do you want tea or coffee?‎ ‎—________. I really don't mind.‎ A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither ‎24. Some students will remember these terms as the most successful ______in the history of our school.‎ A. ones B. ones’ C. one D. one’s ‎ ‎25. This new rule may please some, but we don’t expect it to please _____.‎ A. more B. other C. all D. any ‎26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give way to _____‎ A. another B. other C. the other D. any other ‎27. _____ who laughs last laughs best.‎ A. He B. One C. That D. Those ‎28. Children should be taught how to get along with _____‎ A. another B. other C. others D. an other ‎29. These plants are watered _____.‎ A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days ‎30. —Would you like some wine?‎ ‎—Yes, just _____.‎ A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit ‎31. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn’t help A. he B. which C. she D. it ‎32. —Is your camera like Bill’s and Ann’s ?‎ ‎—No, but it’s almost the same as _____.‎ A. her B. yours C. them D. their ‎33. —Have you finished your report yet?‎ ‎—No, I’ll finish in _____ ten minutes.‎ A. another B. other C. more D. less ‎34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _____.‎ A. it B. those C. them D. one ‎35. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with _____.‎ A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing ‎36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.‎ A. some…any B. other…some C. some…other D. other…other ‎37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants.‎ A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever ‎38. —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?‎ ‎—I’m afraid _____ day is possible.‎ A. either B. neither C. some D. any ‎39. If you want to change for a double room you ‘ll have to pay _____$15.‎ A. another B. other C. more D. each ‎40. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?‎ A. where B. what C. how D. which ‎41. My brother’s handwriting is better than ______in his class.‎ A. anyone else B. anyone else’s C. anyone’s else D. anyone’s else’s ‎42. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.‎ A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither ‎43. Both teams were in hard training, ______ was willing to lose the game.‎ A. either B. neither C. another D. the other ‎44. His camera is more expensive than _____.‎ A. hers B. her C. it D. its ‎45. _____ of my classmates could work out the maths problem because it was too difficult.‎ A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None ‎46. _____ have worked together for 10 years.‎ A. I, you and he B. I, he and you C. He, your and I D. You, he and I ‎47. The machines made in China are as good as _____ imported from abroad.‎ A. they B. those C. these D. ones ‎48. Listen to _____. There should be no error, no delay, and no waste.‎ A. that B. this C. those D. these ‎49. _____ of them promised to help me.‎ A. Every one B. Everyone C. Every D. Everybody ‎50. She thought _____ a great honour to be invited to speak to us.‎ A. that B. this C. it D. it is 第二章 代词 ‎1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D ‎11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D ‎21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C ‎31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D ‎41. B 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C