2020版高考英语 Unit 1 Friendship（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）新人教版必修1 9页

Unit 1‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s. ‎ 答案：which　此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。‎ ‎2． China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. ‎ 答案：which　分析结构可知，定语从句的先行词为整个主句内容，从句为非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，用which引导。句意：《今日中国》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明全世界越来越多的人想了解中国。‎ ‎3．(2015·江苏，21改编)The number of smokers，________is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. ‎ 答案：as　此句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。as意为“正如，正像”，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语；as在这里代替整个主句的内容；“as is reported”意为“正如被报道的那样”。句意：正如被报道的那样，烟民的数量在仅仅一年的时间就下降了17%。‎ ‎4．(2015·浙江临海调研改编)Some passersby witnessed the car accident ________ five passengers were killed, a baby included. ‎ 答案：where　句意为：一些路人目睹了这场事故，其中有五位乘客丧生包括一个婴儿。设空处引导定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。‎ ‎5．(2015·江苏无锡测试改编)“Spittake” refers to an act ________ someone spits liquid out of his or her mouth when he or she hears something funny or surprising. ‎ 答案：where　句意为：“笑喷”是指一种行为：某人在听到有趣的或吃惊的事情后从嘴中喷出液体。设空处引导定语从句修饰act，引导词在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 ‎1、 survey n.__________‎ ‎2、 add up __________‎ ‎3、 upset adj.vt.(upset, upset) _____ __‎ 9‎ ‎4、 ignore vt. __________‎ ‎5、 calm vt. & vi.adj. __________‎ ‎6、 calm(…)down __________‎ ‎7、have got to __________‎ ‎8、concern vt. n. __________‎ ‎9、 be concerned about __________‎ ‎10、walk the dog __________‎ ‎11、loose adj. __________‎ ‎12、vet n. __________‎ ‎13、go through __________‎ ‎15、Netherlands n. __________‎ ‎17、German adj. n． __________‎ ‎19、set down __________‎ ‎20、series n. __________‎ ‎21、a series of __________‎ ‎23、outdoors adv. __________‎ ‎24、spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound) __________‎ ‎25、on purpose __________‎ ‎26、in order to __________‎ ‎27、dusk n. __________‎ ‎28、at dusk __________‎ ‎29、thunder vi. n． __________‎ ‎30、entire adj. __________‎ ‎31、entirely adv. __________‎ ‎32、power n. __________‎ ‎33、face to face __________‎ ‎34、curtain n. __________‎ ‎35、dusty adj. __________‎ ‎36、no longer/not…any longer______ ‎ ‎37、partner n. __________‎ ‎38、settle vi. vt. __________‎ ‎39、suffer vt. & vi. __________‎ ‎40、suffer from __________‎ ‎41、△loneliness n. __________‎ ‎42、highway n. __________‎ ‎43、recover vi. & vt. __________‎ ‎44、get/be tired of __________‎ 9‎ ‎45、pack vi. & vt. n. __________‎ ‎46 、pack (sth) up __________‎ ‎47、suitcase n. __________‎ ‎49、Overcoat n. __________‎ ‎50、teenager n. __________‎ ‎51、get along with __________‎ ‎52、△gossip vi. & n. __________‎ ‎53、fall in love __________‎ ‎54、exactly adv. __________‎ ‎55、disagree vi. __________‎ ‎56、grateful adj. __________‎ ‎57、dislike n. & vt. __________‎ ‎58、join in __________‎ ‎59、tip n. vt. __________‎ ‎60、△secondly adv. __________‎ ‎61、swap vt. __________‎ ‎62、item n. __________‎ 二、阅读理解。‎ A Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.‎ Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.‎ ‎“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.‎ As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or 9‎ ‎ intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.‎ Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.‎ ‎1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?‎ A. Teenagers. B. Adults. ‎ C. The elderly. D.A couple.‎ ‎2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?‎ A. No man is willing to live on an island.‎ B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society.‎ D. Our society is just like an island.‎ ‎3.What can we learn about outgoing people?‎ A. They like being alone.‎ B. They are fond of making friends.‎ C. They have intense friendships.‎ D. They have fewer close friends indeed ‎4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A. The formation of close friends.‎ B. The number of real friends.‎ C. Honesty, love and affection.‎ D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。‎ 9‎ ‎1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。‎ ‎3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。‎ B Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in nonfiction books，here are good choices for you.‎ A Room of One’s Own This essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women’s colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. In it，Woolf describes that it’s circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing.Women，in other words，spend so much time cooking，cleaning，and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well，therefore，a woman must have “a room of her own”. While on its surface，this essay appears to be only about writing，it is actually about wealth and class，freedom and imprisonment，and the power struggle between sexes.‎ The Art of War Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi，The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略) in human history. Consisting of 13 chapters，each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war，the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions. For centuries，it has been used to train military leaders for its 9‎ ‎ detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership.‎ Letter to My Daughter This book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou，a respectable American poet，is written for “the daughter she never had”—the millions of women，both young and old，who she considers to be her “family”. From the viewpoint of a caring，older relative，this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences，including the birth of her only child，a son，as well as the development and loss of friendship.‎ A Brief History of Time If you’re short on time，then why not read about，well，the creation of time？This book，first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking，explores mindbending questions about the creation of the universe，including if and when it will end，and if so，how. Despite its heavy subject matter，Hawking addresses these questions in a way that’s easy to understand，even for those who know little about physics.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了四本纪实类文学作品。‎ ‎1．What can we learn about the four books?‎ A．A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of time.‎ B．Letter to My Daughter is actually a common family letter.‎ C．The Art of War gives advice on how to be military leaders.‎ D．A Room of One’s Own is more than about writing.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While on its...between sexes.”可知，虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关，但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级，自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的，所以D项正确。more than意思是“不仅仅”。‎ ‎2．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．As a physicist，Hawking is equally famous for writing.‎ B．Maya devotes herself to fighting for women’s rights.‎ C．The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policymaking.‎ D．Woolf looks down upon men in writing.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Art of War...to fight a war”可知，‎ 9‎ The Art of War对政策的制定有帮助。所以选项C正确。‎ ‎3．What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To make comparisons between the four books.‎ B．To recommend the four books to readers.‎ C．To make comments on the four books.‎ D．To promote sales of the four books.‎ B　解析：写作意图题。根据第一段可知，写作本文的目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品。所以选项B正确。‎ 三、七选五。‎ Ways to get rid of jealousy ‎ Jealousy is like a poison. It is difficult to avoid such moments in life. Sometimes, this feeling comes from the sensation of envy that we tend to experience when we notice others ＂better＂ lives, appearances, successes, and so on. 　1 　. It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction. Here are some tips to help get rid of jealousy.‎ Be confident.‎ Not all of us are born with confidence. It takes years of practice to find self-assurance. Follow the ‘fake it till you makes it’s method. 　 2 　Day by day, confidence forms. If you feel confident in yourself, you are less likely to feel inferior to others.‎ Don’t compare yourself.‎ Comparison is the most significant aspect of jealousy. If you are able to avoid comparing yourself to others, you will experience a new-found sense of freedom.‎ A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection. 　 3 　We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in failure.‎ ‎　 4 　‎ When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well puts your life into perspective, which is always a 9‎ ‎ plus! A positive spin can be placed on almost anything that you may see as a negative event. There is always a way to find a positive angle.‎ Make a healthy change.‎ Most of us wish to change, especially faced with something that we are forced to accept. However, most of the things that people tend to feel jealous about can in fact change in a healthy way. If you feel jealous of someone else’s accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it. 　 5 　‎ A. Act positively.‎ B. Think positively.‎ C. Jealousy is like a snake.‎ D. Jealousy has the potential to kill happiness .‎ E. Use the feelings of jealousy as motivation to improve yourself.‎ F. If you take it as a part of your routine, it will gradually become natural to you.‎ G. Use your weakness as a learning experience, rather than as a chance to make you feel bad.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫉妒对人们的危害，并给人们提出了摆脱嫉妒的三点建议。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】根据前文的＂Jealousy is like a poison.＂及空后的＂It can ruin relationships, friendships, as well as a sense of satisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒药，它会毁掉关系、友谊和满足感，故此处应指嫉妒有扼杀幸福的潜在力量。故选D。‎ ‎ 3.G 【解析】根据前文的＂A good way to judge this is by valuing imperfection.＂（通过重视不完美是一个很好的方法）及空后＂We are all constantly growing and improving throughout our lives, which is value in 9‎ ‎ failure.＂（整个一生中，我们都在不断地成长和改进，这也正是失败的价值所在。）可知此处应指我们应该把我们的不足当成一种学习的经历，而不是让它成为让我们感觉糟糕的因素。故选G。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】根据段落中的＂When you are feeling upset, remind yourself of your positive qualities. Reflecting on what you do well…＂（当你感觉郁闷时，让自己想一想自己身上积极的品质。回忆一下你擅长的事情……）可知，本段的主题应是思想要积极。故选B。‎ ‎5.E 【解析】根据前文的＂If you feel jealous of someone else’s accomplishments, use it as motivation to work harder to achieve your own goals. Just remember, if the change you want to make is healthy, go for it.＂（如果你对别人的成绩感到嫉妒时，要把它作为更加努力地工作去实现自己目标的动力。只要记住，如果你想要的改变是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此处应指我们应该把嫉妒感当成自我发展的动力。故选E。‎ ‎ ‎ 9‎