高考英语作文讲解与模板 23页

高考英语作文讲解 第一部分：写作步骤 如果你曾经为英语作文日日伤心以泪洗面，如果你曾经面对作文题目苦思冥想头脑里天马行空却不知如何动笔，如果你看到发下来的卷子上英语作文上犯的一些小错误后感到痛心疾首大呼懊恼，那么这套流程对你来说应该有一定参考价值。 ‎ ‎　　第一步，审题。‎ 拿到题目后，手中拿铅笔，手脑眼嘴并用，开始审题。看题目的要求是什么，要点是什么，特殊要求是什么。譬如你是叫李华，还是随便一个名字？ 要议论文还是记叙文？对分几段写有无要求？等等。诸如此类的硬性要求信息，都最好用铅笔划下来，以免出错，也许你一开始会记得，可随着时间的流逝，你会不会因紧张而遗忘这些信息呢？还是小心为妙。边看最好边张嘴默读，这样就不会遗漏或忽略任何一个字了。‎ 第二步，草稿。‎ 有的同学怕出错，全文都打草稿再誊写，我姑且认为不太可取，毕竟考场时间宝贵，即使我有四十分钟时间写作文也不敢贸然这么做，更何况考场时我们留给作文的时间往往一再被压缩。有的同学不打草稿，我认为更不太可取。一来容易出错，二来边写边想思维不连贯，即使思维连贯也无法审词酌句，展现自己最好的一面，容易后悔。‎ ‎　　草稿怎么打？‎ 1. 结构就是你打算分几段写，每段都写什么？哪段转哪段承哪段起合？心里都要是有谱的。‎ ‎　　2.关键词：结构拟定后，迅速在草稿纸上写下自己这篇作文可能用到的一些关键词。包括一些漂亮的词和自己可能会忘记的词。主要是动词和名词。‎ ‎　　譬如一省作文题： 假设你的名字是李华，亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办，现招募志愿者。你希望成为志愿者。申请信的格式已经写好了，你直接写内容就可以。你的个人情况：年龄性别学历，个人条件。英语好，爱好体育，擅长交际，乐于助人。承诺提供最佳服务。‎ ‎　　关键词就是学历、爱好、擅长、乐于、承诺，和你对这篇作文初步构思时想到的一些词。先把这些词（指词的英文表达）写在纸上。有一些词的拼写，譬如学历，可能你本身就记得不是特别清楚，这时一定要在开始写作文前先把它写下来，以免一会因干扰而遗忘。‎ ‎　 可能看到聪明这个关键词时，你最初写下的往往是clever，再仔细想想，你是不是又想到了smart, deligient好多词，挑个漂亮和合适的用吧。再比如转折，你写了but，这会再想想，是不是又有一堆表示转折的词在你脑里打转呢？挑一个吧。千万别用but.‎ ‎3.句式：词写下来了，其实你构建这篇作文的建筑材料就到位了，下步就是要把它们盖成漂亮的作文。先用最普通的陈述句把它们在头脑中过一遍，然后看看都能改成什么句式。能不能把一句陈述句改成问句？能不能用上一个双重否定句？能不能用一个主语从句套定语从句的长句？能不能用一个插入语？等等。把你高中三年的英语积累展示出来。在草稿纸上同样标注。‎ ‎　　三．正式写。‎ 这样的草稿打完后，就要快快写了。注意，英语作文的卷面简直太重要了，一定要把字写整齐，写大。没有把握的词和句子不用。别忘了遵守你最初用铅笔划下的题目的规定。‎ ‎　　四．检查。‎ ‎　　注意，最最重要的一步来了。尽管很小心，可是我们写英语作文还是会犯下很多错误。单词拼写的，大小写的，等等。这些错误会极大破坏我们在阅卷老师心目中的形象，一定要坚决誓死消灭。即使时间再紧，请务必留下1——2分钟检查作文的时间，消除隐性错误。‎ ‎　　需要说明的是，英语的开头和结尾是最关键的，尤其是开头。基本上，不跑题，遵守题目要求，一个漂亮的开头，一个还过得去的结尾，2-3个高级词汇，1-2个漂亮的句子，加上整齐的字迹，作文的分就不会低了哦。所以，精心为你的作文想个漂亮的开头吧。‎ 第二部分作文模版：‎ 一、 对比观点题型 ‎（1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1． 有一些人认为。。。 2． 另一些人认为。。。 3． 我的看法。。。 The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . ‎ ‎ （2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one ‎ thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二)． ‎ Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．‎ 二、阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义． ２． 分析并举例使其更充实． The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三)． In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.‎ 三、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １． 问题现状 ２． 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) ‎ In recent days, we have to face the problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second, ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)‎ ‎ 　　　　 Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解决方法一). For another -------------(解决方法二). Finally, --------------(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(带来的好处).‎ 四、说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） １． 说明事物现状 ２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） ３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(Ａ的优点之一). Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)． Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法)． (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(对前景的预测 五、议论文的框架 ‎(1)    不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） 　 There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. 　　People,　however,　differ　in　their　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.　 　 As far as I am concerned, I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二______.　It　is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________. ‎ ‎ （2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一___. And secondly ___优点二_____. ‎ ‎ Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___. ‎ ‎ ( 3 ) 答题性议论文 Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem. As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_____. Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____. ‎ ‎ ( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文 It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated ‎ through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically ) A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____. With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..‎ 六、图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________. 　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　‎ 具体分析 在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？‎ 一、开头句型 我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。‎ 在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。‎ I．．．．has both advantages and ‎ disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：‎ ‎1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．‎ ‎2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．‎ ‎3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．‎ 举一反三：‎ ‎1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many ‎ disadvantages．‎ ‎2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every ‎ coin has two sides，．．．has its ‎ disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）‎ II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part ‎ in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：‎ ‎1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．‎ ‎2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．‎ ‎ Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．‎ ‎3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．‎ ‎4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．‎ 举一反三：‎ ‎1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．‎ ‎2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance ‎ communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．‎ III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：‎ ‎1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can ‎ afford a car．‎ ‎2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more ‎ and more serious．‎ ‎3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get ‎ a college degree by taking online-courses at home．‎ ‎4．With the current social and technological developments，employees ‎ with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．‎ 举一反三：‎ ‎1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is ‎ becoming more and more serious．‎ ‎ 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。‎ ‎2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards ‎ women is changing．‎ ‎ 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。‎ ‎3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing ‎ number of Chinese families can afford a car．‎ ‎ ‎ 随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）‎ 本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。‎ 我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。‎ IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe ‎ that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably ‎ some truth in both arguments ‎ ‎／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。‎ 本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others ‎ ‎．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in ‎ both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：‎ TV，a good thing or bad thing When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．‎ 二、结尾句型 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。‎ V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：‎ ‎1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the ‎ world．‎ ‎2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from ‎ cheating on exams．‎ ‎3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．‎ ‎4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying ‎ out further attacks．‎ 本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千篇一律的文章来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学习中注意多总结，以使自己的写作水平更上一层楼。‎ 考研短文写作常用句型和练习 ‎“引言”段落中的常用句型： 1．…is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by … 家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常谈论这个问题。 Weahter a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farners as well. 2.There is no denying the fact that… 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. ‎ ‎3.As is known to all,… 众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。 As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of comsumers) 4.More and more people are realizing the importance of … 现在越来越多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。 Tody an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order, very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education. 5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that… 从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。‎ ‎ From what I have mentoned above,we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a) great influence on young adults’ behaviour.(或 teenagers’ behavior 或 youngsters’ behavior) ‎ ‎ “正文”段落中常用的句型： 1．There are some good reasons for…(分析原因) two possible 人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。 There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more, the birth rate has been put under control. ‎ ‎2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… solve tackle relieve （提出建议） 我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。 My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally ,those who hunter them must be punished severely. ‎ ‎3.Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that … Others problem. matter. argue that… Still others assert that…（论述不同看法） 人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。 People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in. ‎ ‎4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. （发表意见） 人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。 It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people. ‎ ‎5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊) 常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。 As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are srffering from public hazards. ‎ ‎6.For example, … （举例阐述） For instance, … Let’s take …for example. 就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。 Les’s take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowed. Furthermore, they cause a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night. ‎ ‎7.It is generally believed that … accepted （引证观点） thought held 普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。 It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care. ‎ ‎8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)（因果关系） 毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。 There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.‎ 务必熟记的考研英语作文重点句式 ‎1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. ‎ ‎　　2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century. ‎ ‎　　3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. ‎ ‎　　4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome. ‎ ‎　　5. As is known man is the product of labour. ‎ ‎　　6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed. ‎ ‎　　7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace. ‎ ‎　　8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day. ‎ ‎　　9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable. ‎ ‎　　10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties. ‎ ‎　　11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments. ‎ ‎　　12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years. ‎ ‎　　13. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided. ‎ ‎　　14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved. ‎ ‎　　15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do. ‎ ‎　　16. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw. ‎ ‎　　17. It is certain that we have a long way to go. ‎ ‎　　18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims. ‎ ‎　　19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book. ‎ ‎　　20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms. ‎ ‎　　21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year. ‎ ‎　　22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts. ‎ ‎　　23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice. ‎ ‎　　24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English. ‎ ‎　　25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out. ‎ ‎　　26. We will be successful as long as we persevere. ‎ ‎　　27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here. ‎ ‎　　28. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries. ‎ ‎　　29. I take it for granted that they will support this idea. ‎ ‎　　　　I regard it as natural that they will agree to this idea. ‎ ‎　　30. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved. ‎ ‎　　31. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. ‎ ‎　　32. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. ‎ ‎　　33. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. ‎ ‎　　34. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word. ‎ ‎　　35. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. ‎ ‎　　36. Our goal must be attained. Our goal can unquestionably be attained. ‎ ‎　　37. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations. ‎ ‎　　38. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, videocorders. ‎ ‎　　39. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it. ‎ ‎　　40. It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations.‎