高考必考语法精讲精练专题九定语从句Word版含解析 11页

‎ 高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题九：定语从句 定语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将定语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对定语从句的考查一般在语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查定语从句引导词的用法。‎ ‎2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了定语从句引导词that/which。‎ ‎2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词when。‎ ‎2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题（语法填空）考查了定语从句的引导词which。‎ 基本概念：‎ ‎ 定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。‎ ‎ 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。‎ ‎ 关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。‎ ‎ 限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。‎ ‎ 非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开 。‎ 关系词及其意义：‎ 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 关 系 代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?‎ whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..‎ whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.‎ The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. ‎ that 人或物 主语、宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.‎ which 物 主语、宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.‎ The picture which was about the accident was terrible.‎ as 人或物 主语、宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. ‎ as做宾语一般不省略 关 系 副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.‎ 可用on which替换 where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.‎ 可用in which替换 why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.‎ 可用for which替换 关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：①用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。②关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。③关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。‎ 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1．who  指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ①The boys who are playing football are from Class One.  ‎ ②Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.   ‎ ③ That is the teacher who teaches us physics.    ‎ ‎2．whom  指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。‎ ①Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. ‎ ②Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.  ‎ ③The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. ‎ ④The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. ‎ ‎3．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语可省略。 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys.  ‎ ②The factory which makes computers is far away from here. ‎ ③He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.‎ ④The house which is by the lake looks nice.  ‎ ⑤This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. ‎ ⑥The film ( which ) they saw last night was not interesting at all. 4．that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。‎ 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。‎ ①The number of people that / who come to visit this city every ‎ year reaches one million.   ‎ ②Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? ③The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.  ④The season that / which comes after spring is summer.    ⑤Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.   5．whose  通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 ①I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.  ②He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen.   注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： ①The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. ②The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. ③Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? ④Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  ‎ 关系代词that 与 which的区别 ‎（一）只用that不用which的情况：‎ ‎ 1、先行词是everything, nothing, anything, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用which。例如：‎ ①Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.‎ ②There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the ‎ world.‎ ③There is little that I can do for you.‎ ‎2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。例如：‎ ①This is the best book that I have ever read.‎ ②The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.‎ ‎3、先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。如：‎ ①We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.‎ ②Look at the man and his dog that are walking up the street.‎ ‎4、先行词被the only，the very, just the等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。例如：‎ This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.‎ 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。例如： He is the only person that I want to see now.‎ ‎5、当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。例如：‎ ①Who is the man that is standing there?‎ ②Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? ‎ ‎6、定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。例如：‎ A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ ‎（二）只用which不用that的情况 ‎1、指物，介词后。例如：‎ I still remember the day on which I first got to Paris.‎ ‎2、用于非限制定语从句中。例如：‎ She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth.‎ ‎3、先行词是that, those时。例如：‎ That is the book which I borrowed from the library. ‎ ‎4、一个句子有两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如：‎ Is there anything that is not expensive which we can buy for her as a gift?‎ 二、the way作先行词的定语从句 比较下列句子，理解关系词，并分析原因：‎ ①The way (that/in which/×) he answered the question was surprising. ②I don’t like the way (that /in which) you laugh at her. ‎ 归纳：‎ （1） 当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系词用in which ，that或者省略；‎ （2） 当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，关系词用that或which；‎ （3） 当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词用that，which或省略。‎ 三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 ①The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous.  ‎ ② I’ll bring here the magazine (which/that) you asked for. = I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.‎ ③This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with ‎ yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis  yesterday. ‎ ④We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom /who /that) we ‎ have often talked about. =We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have ‎ often talked.‎ ‎1、单个介词（in/with/on/by）+关系代词(whom, which)‎ ①The two thingof which they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.‎ ②A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a machine with which we harvest crops.‎ 注意：介词确定的依据 A、依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定；‎ B、依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定。‎ ‎2、介词短语+关系代词(which, whom, whose) 常用的介词短语有:some of, both of, as a result of, at the back of， because of, in front of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of等。‎ ①There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only limp along. ‎ ②They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.‎ 注意:含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开,如look after, look for, take care of, take part in, look forward to等。例如： ①This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.  (正)     ‎ ②This is the watch for which I am looking .(误)‎ ③The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.(正)   ④The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.（误）‎ ‎3、单个介词+关系代词(which, whose)+名词 介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定。例如：‎ ①He lived in London for three months, during which time he learned some English.‎ ②Our English teacher, with whose help we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.‎ ‎4、the+名词+of+关系代词(which, whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系。例如：‎ This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr Jones.‎ ‎=This is the book, whose cover is designed by Mr Jones.‎ ‎5、部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词 ‎(1)all, both, none ,neither ,either, many, most, few, several, enough, half, some, any , one, two, three, the majority, a number, the youngest等。‎ ‎(2)数词(基数词,序数词,百分数,分数)+名词 ‎(3)the+形容词最高级/比较级 ①Here are two pairs of socks, either of which you may choose.‎ ②The football team has 15 members ,the oldest of whom is 25 years old.‎ ③He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.    ④There are  many apples, some of which have gone bad.    ⑤There are forty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities.      ⑥He has written ten stories，three of which are about country life.‎ 四、关系代词as与which的用法 as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1.   as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： ①He married her, as / which was natural.  ‎ ②He is honest, as / which we can see.  ‎ ‎ 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。‎ ‎ which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： ①As is known to all, China is a developing country.   ‎ ②He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.  ‎ ③John, as you know, is a famous writer.  ‎ ④The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012·福建高考)‎ ⑤He has been to Paris ten times, which I don’t believe.  注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如①Tom was late for school again and again, which made his ‎ teacher very angry. ②This table is made of metal, which made it very heavy. ‎ ‎3.  当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如： ①I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.  ‎ ②He is not such a fool as he looks.   ③This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.  ‎ 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，也可能用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.  ‎ 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.  ‎ 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。‎ 五、关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when  指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 ①I still remember the day when I first came to this school.    ‎ ②The time when we got together finally arrived.   ‎ ③October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of ‎ China was founded. ‎ ‎2. where  指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 ①Shanghai is the city where I was born.  ②The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.③I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .‎ ④Is this the place where they fought the enemy? ‎ ‎3.why  指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 ①Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. ‎ ②The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. ‎ ③I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. ‎ ‎     注意：引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词+which”来替换。例如：‎ ①I still remember the day when(=on which) I first came to this school.‎ ②Great changes have taken place where(in which) we live.‎ ③The reason why (=for which) he refused the invitation is quite clear.‎ 六、一些特殊词之后的where ‎ 如果定语从句用来修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，并且作状语，要用where 引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，这种现象叫做地点模糊化。常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有：occasion, circumstance, state,degree, extent,‎ ‎ stage, level, period,aspect等。例如：‎ ①I have come to the pointwhere I can’t stand him.‎ ②The country is in the situationwhere a war will break out at any time.‎ ③We are trying to reach a pointwhere both sides will sit down together and talk.‎ ④I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.‎ ⑤It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.‎ 注意：如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。例如：‎ Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. ‎ 高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·定语从句 ‎ 考点规律分析:定语从句短文改错考点主要涉及定语从句引导词的误用、缺失以及多余；语法填空主要考查根据先行词及上下文填合适的引导词。‎ 定语从句单句改错之真题训练：‎ ‎1. …in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (全国卷)‎ ‎2. I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (全国卷)‎ ‎3. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (全国卷)‎ ‎4. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (福建卷)‎ ‎5.(2016·四川)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.‎ 定语从句单句改错之模拟训练：‎ ‎1. He is the man his car was stolen.‎ ‎2. That’s the hotel which we were staying last summer.‎ ‎3. That’s the palace where we visited last summer.‎ ‎4.It’s really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.‎ 定语从句单句改错之提升训练：‎ ‎1. This is the factory where we visited last week.‎ ‎2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking.‎ ‎3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.‎ ‎4. The house in that we live is very small.‎ ‎5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.‎ ‎6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.‎ ‎7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.‎ ‎8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.‎ ‎9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.‎ ‎10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.‎ ‎11. The reason which he didn’t go to school is that he was ill.‎ ‎12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.‎ ‎13. The boy, his mother died last year, studies very hard.‎ ‎14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.‎ ‎15. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.‎ ‎16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.‎ ‎17. That is the way which they work.‎ ‎18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.‎ ‎19. Who is the man who has white hairs?‎ ‎20. I will never forget the days which we had a goodtime together at the sea.‎ 定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：‎ ‎1.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.‎ ‎2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A)Simon is a comedian and actor _______has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.‎ ‎3.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.‎ ‎4.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C, influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ ‎5.(2016·全国Ⅲ，完形)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.‎ ‎6.(2016·北京，22)I live next door to a couple________children often make a lot of noise.‎ ‎7.(2016·四川，阅读C)I prefer to work in black and white, ________ allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.‎ ‎8.(2016·四川，阅读D)Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), ________has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ ‎9.(2016·江苏，23)Many young people, most of________were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.‎ ‎10.(2016·浙江，11)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of ________ has been proved.‎ ‎11.(2015·江苏，21)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ ‎12.(2015·湖南，29)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ ‎13.(2015·浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.‎ ‎14.(2015·重庆，14)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.‎ ‎15.(2015·四川，3)The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.‎ ‎16.(2015·安徽，28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________school education depends.‎ ‎17.(2015·福建，34)ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.‎ ‎18.(2014·安徽，22)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.‎ ‎19.(2014·北京，26)I borrowed the book SherlockHolmes from the library last week，________ my classmates recommended to me.‎ ‎20.(2014·山东，10)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.‎ ‎21.(2014·重庆，9)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.‎ ‎22.(2014·四川，4)Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，________ is quite unexpected.‎ ‎23.(2014·陕西，13)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.‎ ‎24.(2015·北京，24)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.‎ ‎25.(2015·陕西，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.‎ ‎26.(2015·天津，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎27.(2014·福建，31)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.‎ ‎28.(2014·浙江，5)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade，________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.‎ 学习札记：‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 参考答案及解析　　‎ 定语从句单句改错之真题训练：‎ ‎1.that 改为 which，因介词后要用 which 来引导定语从句 ‎2.去掉 when 或将 when 改为 that，因这里的定语从句中谓语动词(spent)缺宾语，故只能用关系代词 that或将其省略 ‎3.where 改为 which，因此处要填关系代词作主语 ‎4.who’s 改为 whose，因who’s=who is，不仅结构错误，而且意思也不通；whose 引导定语从句，表示“……的”‎ 定语从句单句改错之模拟训练：‎ ‎1. his 改为 whose，whose 在此引导定语从句。‎ ‎2.which 改为 where，where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语；此题还可在staying后加in。‎ ‎3. where 改为 which / that，也可去掉 where，因visit 为及物动词，此处应用关系代词作其宾语（也可省略）。‎ ‎4.where 改为 which，which 在此引导非限定性定语从句，且在从句中用作宾语(用作 visit 的宾语)。‎ ‎5．what→which/that或去掉what　考查定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。‎ 定语从句单句改错之提升训练：‎ ‎1. where→that/which或去掉where。‎ ‎2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:look after, run into等。‎ ‎3. who→whom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。‎ ‎4. that→which。‎ ‎5. that→which。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎6. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no,some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。‎ ‎7. which→that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。　‎ ‎8. who→that。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。‎ ‎9. which→that或去掉which。当先行词为something,　anything,everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。‎ ‎10. that→which。‎ ‎11. which→why/which前加for或去掉which。‎ ‎12. wants→want。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。‎ ‎13. his→whose。‎ ‎14. them→whom或both前加and。‎ ‎15. 去掉there。‎ ‎16. have→has。当one of+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the (only)时,从句谓语要用单数。‎ ‎17. which→that/which前加in或去掉which。‎ ‎18. Those后加who。‎ ‎19. 第二个who→that。当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句常用that 引导, 以避免重复。‎ ‎20. which→when或which前加in。‎ 定语从句单句语法填空之真题训练：‎ ‎1．when　[由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。]‎ ‎2．who/that　[考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。] ‎ ‎3．which　[考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。]‎ ‎4．who　[考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。]‎ ‎5．who　[考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。]‎ ‎6．whose　[考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose。]‎ ‎7．which　[考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是前面的整个句子。]‎ ‎8．which　[考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是melatonin。]‎ ‎9．whom　[考查定语从句的用法。句意：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐他们的梦想，他们中的很多人都受过良好教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为Many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。]‎ ‎10．which　[考查定语从句。句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣会流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明的。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories，故应用 which引导该定语从句。]‎ ‎11.as　[句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如……，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。]‎ ‎12．which　[句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。]‎ ‎13．which　[句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。作介词宾语不可用that。]‎ ‎14．which　[句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。]‎ ‎15．whose　[考查定语从句。句意：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。本题考查非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为the books，和covers之间是所有关系，故用whose。]‎ ‎16．which　[句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 考查定语从句。depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词， 先行词为物，故用which。]‎ ‎17．which　[句意：《中国日报》吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。]‎ ‎18．which/that/不填　[考查定语从句。句意：Angela和她的家人一起呆在中国的那一年是2008年。先行词the exact year在定语从句中作spent的宾语且指物，故用which也可用that或省略。]‎ ‎19．which　[考查非限制性定语从句。句意：上个星期，我从图书馆借了同学给我推荐的《大侦探福尔摩斯》。先行词the book在定语从句中作recommend的宾语，所以要用关系代词，先行词是物，故用which。]‎ ‎20．whose　[考查定语从句。句意：利润来源于国内市场且在下降的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。]‎ ‎21．which　[考查定语从句。句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词which。]‎ ‎22．which　[考查定语从句关系词的用法。显然这是一个非限制性定语从句。句意：到目前为止我们已经为贫困儿童筹集了5万英镑，这是我们始料未及的。which指代整个主句。]‎ ‎23．that　[考查定语从句。句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。先行词information在定语从句中充当have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that，不用which。]‎ ‎24.where　[句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Paul's Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。]‎ ‎25．when　[句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是盼望着他有独立的时间。考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是time，后面的从句是完整的句子，先行词在从句中充当状语，所以填when。]‎ ‎26．where　[句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以享受工作的乐趣。考查定语从句。先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。]‎ ‎27．where　[考查定语从句。句意：学生应该潜心于社区活动之中，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。]‎ ‎28．when　[考查定语从句。句意：直到五年级，我才真正会爬树，当时，我爬上一棵树，拿下了挂在树枝上的风筝。后面的定语从句是完整的句子；先行词为the fifth grade，表时间概念，所以填when。] ‎