2020版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（14）（含解析） 11页

‎2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（14）‎ 李仕才 A Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946), is an American businessman and politician who became the President-elect of the United States on November 8, 2016. Since 1971 he has chaired The Trump Organization, the principal holding company for his real estate ventures and other business interests. During his business career, Trump has built office towers, hotels, casinos, golf courses, and other branded facilities worldwide.‎ ‎ Trump was born and raised in New York City and received a bachelor’s degree in economics from the Wharton School of the University‎ of ‎Pennsylvania in 1968. In 1971, he was given control of his father Fred Trump’s real estate and construction firm. Trump has appeared at the Miss USA pageants, which he owned from 1996 to 2015, and has made cameo appearances in films and television series.‎ ‎ Trump and his businesses, as well as his three marriages, have received prominent media exposure. He hosted a popular NBC reality show, The Apprentice, from 2004 to 2015. As of 2016, he was listed by Forbes as the 324th wealthiest person in the world, and 156th in the United States, with a net worth of $3.7 billion in October 2016.‎ ‎ Trump first campaigned for the U.S.‎ presidency in 2000, winning two Reform Party primaries. On June 16, 2015, Trump again announced his candidacy for president, this time as a Republican. Trump became known for his opposition to illegal immigration and free trade agreements, as well as his frequently non-interventionist views on foreign policy, and quickly emerged as the Republican nomination front-runner. As of March 23, 2016, Trump has won 21 contests in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries.‎ ‎ He was elected as the 45th U.S.‎ president in the 2016 election on the Republican ticket, defeating Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, and is scheduled to take office on January 20, 2017. At 70 years old, he will be the oldest person to ever assume the presidency.‎ ‎1. This passage is mostly probably taken from __________.‎ 11‎ A. a story book B. a biography book ‎ C. a science book D. an advertisement ‎2. Where is Donald Trump’s hometown?‎ A. London B. Paris ‎ C. New York D. ‎Beijing ‎3. From the passage, we can know that Donald Trump was _________.‎ A. wealthy and sucessful B. intelligent but mean C. good-tempered and tolerant D. forgetful and sensitive ‎4. We can learn from the passage that _________.‎ A. Donald Trump is only successful in business field. ‎ B. Donald Trump was born in a poor family.‎ C. Donald Trump is in favor of illegal immigration.‎ D. Donald Trump will be the oldest president of the United States.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文为人物传记。文章中主要介绍了美国总统特朗普。‎ ‎1. B【解析】文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文介绍的是美国新当选的总统特朗普。由此可推知，本文极可 能来自与一本人物传记。故选B。‎ ‎2. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的＂Trump was born and raised in New York City…＂可知，特朗普的 家乡是纽约。故选C。‎ ‎4. D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的＂At 70 years old, he will be the oldest person to ever assume the presidency.＂可推知，特朗普将是历任美国总统中年龄最大的一位。故选D。‎ B Many people rush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_fourlegged_family_member，only to find out that they are not ready for a pet.This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This 11‎ ‎ can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.‎ Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food.There are also parasite(寄生虫)prevention，boarding costs while traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured.That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog，but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner.‎ Another consideration is the time commitment.An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet，the time it takes to feed，walk，play with，bathe and clean up.Also，dogs require attention.Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it.‎ Dogs are dogs，and will act like dogs.This includes barking，digging，having accidents in the house and，possibly，destroying some of the owner’s prized possessions，such as furniture，shoes and cell phones.If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog，then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner.Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs!‎ ‎1．Who might be qualified to be a dog owner，according to the text?‎ A．Kari，a teacher who works eight hours a day.‎ B．Jim，who has a daughter sensitive to dog’s smell.‎ C．Dick，a jobless teenager who can hardly pay his rent.‎ D．Steven，a business man who travels a lot on business.‎ 11‎ ‎2．To be a responsible dog owner you need to do all the following EXCEPT ________．‎ A．buying dog food and feeding it B．taking it to hospital when necessary C．spending time each day playing with it D．finding a shelter for it when you are bored with it ‎3．What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Rush to adopt a dog formally.‎ B．Commit to buy a dog and take it home.‎ C．Run into a pet shelter and take one home so quickly.‎ D．Decide to be a pet owner without thinking about it carefully.‎ ‎4．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A．Dogs Are Dogs B．Ready for a Pet?‎ C．Have Time for a Dog?‎ D．Pets Are Family Members ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided 11‎ ‎ if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“only to find out that they are not ready for a pet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“Ready for a Pet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。‎ C Parents say that honesty is the best policy, but they regularly lie to their children as a way of influencing their behavior and emotions, finds new research from the University of Toronto and the University‎ of ‎California.‎ Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying, so Gail Heyman, professor of psychology at the University of California, Diem Luu, a former student of the University‎ of ‎California, and Kang Lee, professor at the University Toronto, set out to explore the underresearched phenomenon. They asked US participants in two related studies about parents lying to their children—either for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.‎ In one of the studies, many parents reported they told their young children that bad things would happen if they didn't go to bed or eat what they were supposed to. Other parents reported inventing magical creatures. One explained, “We told our daughter that if she wrapped up all her pacifiers (橡皮奶嘴) like gifts, the fair would come and give them to the children who needed them.”‎ In the other study, the researchers surveyed college students' recollections about their parents' lying and obtained similar results: parents often lie to their children even as they tell them that lying is unacceptable.‎ The researchers refer to this practice as “parenting by lying”. “We are surprised by how often parenting by lying takes place，” said LEE. Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she 11‎ ‎ urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.‎ ‎“Children sometimes behave in ways that are disruptive or are likely to harm their longterm interests，” said Heyman. “It is common for them to try out a range of strategies, including lying, to stop them. However, parents should be concerned about the possible longterm negative consequences to children's beliefs about honesty.”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。父母常教育孩子要诚实，但他们自己有时却对孩子撒谎。研究人员就此现象进行了调研，并且提出家长应该考虑到对孩子经常说谎可能会造成的长期的负面影响的结论，并建议家长考虑一些其他的教育方法。‎ ‎1．The subject of parental lying ________.‎ A．was not allowed to be researched in the past B．attracts little attention because it is common C．hasn't got many published results about it D．is becoming more and more popular 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying”可知，对于父母撒谎的行为很少有报道。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．The study of Gai Heyman, Diem Luu and Kang Lee was focused on parents' lies that ________.‎ A．aim to cover their mistakes B．lead children to hate them C．aim to give children a positive influence D．make children get used to lying 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中“They asked US participants in two related studies about... for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.”可知，父母说谎的原因本是想给孩子带来积极的影响。故C项正确。‎ ‎3．What does Heyman think of parental lying?‎ A．It is a great parenting strategy.‎ B．Parents should think twice before using it.‎ C．It usually does more good than harm.‎ D．Parents should do something to make up for it after using it.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.”可知，Heyman认为父母应该想清楚对孩子撒谎的问题，在撒谎之前要考虑再三。故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Parents usually ________ when their young children don't go to bed properly.‎ 11‎ A．turn off the bedroom lights and play some music B．shout at them loudly C．shut the door and let them alone D．make up some magical creatures to let them believe 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Other parents reported inventing magical creatures”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎5．In which part of a newspaper would you most probably find the passage?‎ A．Business. B．Education.‎ C．Technology. D．Fashion.‎ 答案：B　推理判断题。文章主要讨论了父母在教育孩子时，是否应该撒谎的问题。故最有可能在报纸上的教育一栏出现。故B项正确。‎ D ‎(2015·河北七校高三联合考试)‎ Name：Off the Beaten Path Cover price: $30.00‎ Our price: $19.80‎ The Reader’s Digest travel book has 40% new contents including over 200 new sites，over 200 new fullcolor photographs，and allnew，uptodate maps.It spotlights over 1，000 of the United States’ most overlooked mustsee destinations.‎ Name：Container Gardens by Number Cover price: $15.95‎ Our price: $9.49‎ A unique book contains 50 easytofollow container designs.Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display，with an instruction of the finished planter and indepth(深入的)plant information.The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden.‎ 11‎ Name：Best Weekend Projects Cover price: $17.95‎ Our price: $13.96‎ Choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space.The projects are practical，as well as attractive，and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend.These 80 welldesigned projects are presented in a clear，easytofollow style that addresses readers in an accessible，userfriendly tone.‎ Name：1801 Home Remedies Cover price: $40.00‎ Our price: $29.96‎ Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home.Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound.‎ Dozens of conditions are covered，from headaches，sunburn，bad breath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，to hiccups(打嗝)．‎ ‎1．You can most probably read the passage in a ______．‎ A．reference book B．travel guide C．newspaper D．textbook ‎2．What makes Off the Beaten Path different from other books?‎ A．It is the most popular book.‎ B．It doesn’t offer a discount.‎ 11‎ C．It contains colorful pictures.‎ D．It focuses on people’s daily life.‎ ‎3．Which book offers the biggest discount?‎ A．Off the Beaten Path.‎ B．1801 Home Remedies.‎ C．Best Weekend Projects.‎ D．Container‎ ‎Gardens by Number.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。‎ ‎1．解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。‎ ‎2．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Cover price”和“Our price”价格计算比较可知，Container Gardens by Number打折最多，故选D项。‎ E ‎(2017·湖南十三校第一次联考)‎ With fast food and convenience at our fingertips on every corner and at every turn, it is becoming increasingly hard to stay in shape. Staying healthy has been more and more difficult for many of the common people. To oppose this we would like to arm you with four ways of staying healthy and feeling great. ‎ You really are what you eat.‎ It’s true, and there’s no way around it. You can’t be sitting there staring at that plate of fried chicken, hoping that you will feel amazed later in the day. We have to be in reality about what we eat. If we are putting dead and fried food ‎ 11‎ in our bellies, what is going to come out is exhausted energy and illness. ‎ Enjoy the sun. ‎ Enjoy the sunshine, or the wind or cold for that matter. In other words, get outside. Take a walk. Do it every single day. You don’t have to be doing intense and heavy runs day in and day out, but you do need to be moving. ‎ You see, a healthy metabolism(新陈代谢)will only come from an active lifestyle. Those who have a sedentary living, sitting in office chairs or hardly moving, will have bodies adapted to that lifestyle. But if your body thinks that it needs to burn, then it will get in the habit of burning. ‎ Shop around the outside of the grocery store.‎ This is becoming more and more of a popular saying among healthfood advocates. The inner passages are far more likely to be filled with preservatives(防腐剂)and chemicals to keep those boxed and packaged foods fresh for long periods of time. Yet eating fresh fruits, vegetables, unprocessed meats and so forth will keep nutrientdense foods going through your body. The more living items you consume, the more help they will be able to be to your immune system and your total body health.‎ Water.‎ Yes, simply and without end, water. You need this for every single function that your body performs. When you get up in the morning, before you put anything else on your tongue, drink a quart or two. Build up the amount you consume each day. An option for water instead of other pickmeups. Day by day your body will realize that you are going to be more thoroughly hydrating, and it will keep you feeling healthy as you can be. ‎ ‎1．According to the author, what makes it difficult to keep healthy?‎ A．People are too busy to take exercise. ‎ B．Our life becomes more and more convenient. ‎ C．People are used to living a lazy life. ‎ D．The stores are around our houses.‎ ‎2．When is the best time to drink water?‎ A．After getting up in the morning.‎ B．After finishing your lunch. ‎ C．Before going to bed. ‎ D．After breakfast.‎ ‎3．What is the best title for the passage?‎ 11‎ A．We Are What We Eat B．Tips for Staying Healthy C．It’s Better to Shop Around D．Water Is Very Important for Our Body ‎ ‎【解题导语】　随着触手可及的快餐以及便捷舒适的生活方式越来越普及，现在的人们想保持身材已并非易事；对于大多数普通人来说，保持健康也变得愈加困难。本文就如何保持健康给出了一些建议。‎ ‎1．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，由于人们生活中的便利舒适越来越多，减少了活动量，从而导致健康水平也在下降。故选B项。‎ ‎2．A　解析：细节理解题。根据Water. 部分的When you get up in the morning, before you put anything else on your tongue, drink a quart or two. 可知，最好在早上起床后喝水。故选A项。‎ ‎3．B　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句以及下文中的几点建议可知，本文是针对如何保持健康给出的几条建议。故选B项。‎ 11‎