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2012高考英语易错题总汇
基础题，人人会做，显不出优势；高难题，人人不会做，拉不开距离；陷阱题，表面看起来很容易，所需知识也不一定很难，但其中隐含机关，预设陷阱，尽管你完全具备做好此类题的知识和能力，但由于你理解角度不对、分析思路不活、做题方法不当、使用技法不巧等，可能自认为捡了个大便宜，而实际上却刚好掉入了命题人为你精心准备的陷阱。不信你就看看下面几道题：
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
仔细想想看，选A还是选B？请给出你的决定——未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：
选项C和D 不太可能是正确答案，因为像这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况一般不可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以只能选B了。
事实是：如果你选A，肯定错了；如果你选B，那也错了。此题最佳答案是 D，其中第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。假若去掉句末的meant，则答案就是B了。
分析有道理吗？有点启发吗？你可要客观地评价噢！请再看一题：
2. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
这次可要想好！请拿定主意，选C还是选D？未作决定之前请不要往后看！你的分析可能是这样的：
此题既不选C，也不选D，而是选A。因为两处的空格均填形式主语it。2
事实上，你又错了。此题的最佳答案是C：第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire；而第二空应填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。有点收获吧，再请做做以下类似试题：
(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
答案选什么，估计你不会选错了，你若还不放心，请往本书后面有关去找找，那里有明确的答案。对此有兴趣吗？那就再看一题吧！
3. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.
A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
先仔细想好，看选项A和C哪个更佳，当然也可能A和C都不对，答案在B、D当中。不过，主意你自己拿。我猜你的答案不是A就可能是C，因为你可能将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient了。
其实最佳答案是B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：
Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。
The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。
怎么样，再看最后一题：
4. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
此题该选哪个答案？你可能毫不犹豫地选了B，是吗？你的想法很可能是：around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
对不起，还是错了。最佳答案应是C。你的分析并不算太错，但问题是，照你的分析，此句的意思便是：有没有这样一家医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
类似的例子我们就不再罗列了，您若对此有兴趣，您若觉得您在这方面还比较薄弱，您若觉得这些知识对您还有必要，请继续往下读，后面的内容会更丰富、更精彩。当然，您若对此没有兴趣，或者您已是这方面的高手，建议您最好别看了，耽误了您不少时间，实在抱歉！
冠词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帅哥’?” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.”
A. the, the B. the, 不填
C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填
【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：
(1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：
The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。
(2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：
What’s the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说?
(3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：
There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。
2. I couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填
【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如：
He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。
My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。
3. Which person do you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard?
A. a, a B. 不填，不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a
【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。
【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：
He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。
He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。
而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：
He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。
Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。
4. I once watched _______ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy.
A. a, a B. an, an
C. a, an D. an, a
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act 的读音是[wQnAkt]，它的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是 eleven[i5levn]，它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：
(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.
A. a, a B. an, an
C. a, an D. an, a
(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.
A. a, an B. an, a
C. a, a D. an, an
5. “Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题：
“Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one? I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：
“Have you seen _______ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。
6. My friend Mary is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。
【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)：
(1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
(2) It is really _______ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.
A. the, the B. 不填，不填
C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the
2. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填
3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填
4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.
A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday
5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.
A. the, the B. the, a
C. the, 不填 D. a, the
6. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, 不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
7. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填
C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the
8. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.
A. the, 不填 B.不填，不填
C. the, a D. an, the
9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.
A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one
10. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a
C. 不填, the D. the, 不填
11. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the；不填 D. the; a
12. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.
—Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the
C. the; the D. a; a
13. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”
A. a; the B. the; a
C. a; a D. the; the
14. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
15. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”
A. an; the B. a; the
C. the; a D. an; a
16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.
A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填
C. the; the D.不填；the
17. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. the, an B. a, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
18. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.
A. the, the B. a, the
C. the, a D. a, a
19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.
A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an
C. The, 不填 D. 不填, an
20. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?
— Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填
C. the; the D. a; the
【答案与解析】
1. 选D，big city life 表泛指，其前不用冠词；country 表示“农村”时，其前习惯上要用定冠词。
2. 选B，success 在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。
3. 选A，其中的 failure 在此指“失败的人”，为可数名词。
4. 选B，Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个”。
5. 选C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。
6. 选B，当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词；另外in danger of 是短语，不用冠词。
7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。
8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。
9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。
10. 选B。the young 意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。
11. 选 A。over [on] the telephone 为习语，意为“通过电话”；若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。
12. 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很”、“十分”，故其前用a；第二空也填a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。
13. 选B。第一空填the，表特指；第二空填a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。
14. 选A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。
15. 选D。NBA中的 N 读音为 [en]，即前面一个音为元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。
16. 选A。介词by表示“以…计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词，如：by the week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量。
17. 选B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识，有类似some的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为trade 为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。
18. 选B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示原有数量上的增加（如第一空）。
19. 选B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词，表特指，即指“那时的英国”；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。
20. 选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的 _______ black and _______ white cat 是两只猫而不是一只猫，所以C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 之省略。若选A，则表示“一只黑白相间的猫”。
名词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.
A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears
C. a, tears D. a piece of, tear
【陷阱】误选D，许多学生错误地认为，既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。
【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。
Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。
She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。
The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。
A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。
顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：
Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。
2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private company.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist
C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter
【陷阱】误选A，许多同学想当然地认为：cook 用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”；type 用作动词，表示“打字”，所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。
【分析】而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist=打字员，typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。
【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D。另外，汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic，要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”，英语通常说heavy traffic，即选A。如下面一题也是选A：
She is not a competent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are
C. cattles are D. the cattles are
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，想当然地认为cattle是单数，并且空格有表单数的one，自然谓语动词用is。
【陷阱】其实，正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜，牛)为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s，却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：
For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。
The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。
类似地，police(警察)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与 a(n) 连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如：
The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。
In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。
It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。
5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.
A. mean, mean B. means, means
C. means, mean D. mean, means
【陷阱】误选C，认为第一空前有all修饰，故用means，而第二空前有every修饰，故用mean。
【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C，by all means为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句，means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较：
All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：
Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?
6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.
A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends
C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend
【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。
【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person，注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语，意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：
He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。
He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。
7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.
A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens
C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of
【陷阱】误选 B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原则是：
(1) 当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s，也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项：
Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen [D]
(2) 当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要加复数词尾-s，而且要后接介词 of，此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。
She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。
下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：
Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。
(3) 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词 of不能省略。如：
several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔
注：英语较少使用many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of。
(4) 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。如：
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。
8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.
A. an idea B. a mark
C. a sign D. a word
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】应选C，sign与mark的区别是：sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地，下面两题的答案也是C：
(1) Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.
A. thing B. mark
C. sign D. one
(2) Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.
A. mark B. track
C. sign D. appearance
但是，下面一题却不能选sign，也不能选mark，而选symbol(象征)：
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n) _____ of courage and power.
A. example B. sign
C. mark D. symbol
顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。
9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”
A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas
C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas
【陷阱】误选C，认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s，从而排除选项A、B、D。
【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可用作可数名词，表示“一杯咖啡”，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样，“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea，也可说成 three teas；“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer，也可说成 three beers。
10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk B. Walking
C. The walk D. To walk
【陷阱】容易误选A或D。
【分析】最佳答案为B。分析如下：
(1) 首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。
(2) 尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词 walking。比较：
How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?
Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。
类似地，dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：
(1) 名词的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：
Let’s have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。
He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。
(2) 名词的 swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比较：
She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Ten years had passed. I found she had _______.
A. a few white hairs B. a little white hair
C. some white hair D. more fifty hair
2.—Hi, this way, please.
—OK.I sometimes have no sense of ______ when I arrive at the crossroad.
A. position B. direction
C. situation D. condition
3. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first ________.
A. intention B. attempt
C. purpose D. desire
4. I didn’t have to work all weekend — I did it by _______.
A. chance B. choice
C. accident D. myself
5. “Did you get _____ to the party?” “Yes, I replied to it this morning.”
A. an answer B. an invitation
C. a question D. a letter
6. I paid him ￡50 for the painting, but its true ______ must be at least ￡500.
A. price B. money
C. value D. importance
7. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any ______ of it.
A. explanation B. meaning
C. sense D. guess
8. You’ve just missed your ______, and you will have to wait for the next round.
A. chance B. turn
C. time D. part
9. —Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well.
—It’s no ______ he always gets the first place in any examination.
A. question B. doubt
C. problem D. wonder
10. —How can I use this washing machine?
—Well, just refer to the _______.
A. explanations B. expressions
C. introductions D. directions
11. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.
A. rooms number B. room number
C. room’s numbers D. room numbers
12. —Hello, I’d like to speak to Henry.
—Oh, which _______? There are two ______ in our office.
A. Henrys, Henrys B. Henries, Henries
C. Henry, Henrys D. Henrys, Henries
13. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price in recent years.
A. pressure B. force
C. strength D. energy
14. In order to learn the _______ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices.
A. ins and outs B. dos and don’ts
C. heads and tails D. t’s and i’s
15. —I’ve got an “A” in the examination.
—That’s a good ______. You will surely win a second.
A. result B. news
C. start D. idea
【答案与解析】
1. 选A。hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 There’s a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。
2. 选B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction 意为“没有方向感”。
3. 选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt 在此表示“尝试”。
4. 选B，由于上文说 didn’t have to work，所以下文相应的语境应是 did it by choice。类似地，下面一题应选D，也是因为choice与下文的have to do it 相呼应：
Were you given a _____, or did you have to do it?
A. job B. duty
C. request D. choice
5. 选 B。注意其后的 to the party 和 replied to it。
6. 选C。value 指“价值”。
7. 选C。make sense of 意为“明白”、“理解”。比较：make sense 意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D：
What he told us about the situation simply doesn’t make any ______.
A. use B. reason
C. value D. sense
8. 选B。miss one’s turn 电为“错过机会”，注意下文的 …have to wait for the next round 所表示的语境。
9. 选D。it’s no wonder (+that从句)的意思是“难怪”，也可说成 No wonder (+that从句)。
10. 选D。directions 的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的 refer to 意为“查看”、“参考”。
11. 选D。room 为无生命名词，不用 room’s 这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B，也是一样的道理（名词作定语通常用单数不用复数）：
The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a ______ yesterday.
A. shoes shop B. shoe shop C. shoes’s shop D. shoe’s
12. 选C。在通常情况下，专有名词具有“独一无二”性，因此它通常没有复数形式，即不可数。但是，专有名词的独一无二性有时是相对的，随着范围的扩大，这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内，只有一个星期六(Saturday), 一个星期日(Sunday)等，但是在一个月中甚至一年中，便有多个星期六，多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说：We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。另外一点值得注意的是，与一般的名词单数变复数不同，以“辅音字母+y”结尾的专有名词，其直接加词尾-s，而不将y改为i。
13. 选D。从常识来考虑，electricity 属于 energy，结合全句的语境，只有D最合适。同样地，下面一题从常识和语境来考虑也应选D：
(1) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______.
A. source B. material
C. power D. energy
(2) The ______ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides.
A. pollution B. friendship
C. condition D. situation
14. 选A。ins and outs 意为“细节”，dos and don’ts 意为“注意事项”，heads or tails 为掷钱币打赌时用语，意为“你赌正面还是赌反面”，p’s and q’s主要用于 mind one’s p’s and q’s，意为“留意自己的言行”。结合句意，选A最合适。
15. 选C。从语法上看，news 不可选，因为它不可数；从意义上看，D不可选，因为选D意思不通；比较A和C，选C最合适，因为 start与下文的 a second 相吻合。
代词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want B. likes, wants
C. likes, want D. like, wants
【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。
【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other
C. other D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet — I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
比较以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11. Tell _______ you like — it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who
C. whoever D. what
【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Anyone who D. Everyone
此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Whoever D. Everyone
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. whoever D. no matter who
此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever
C. whom D. whomever
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it
C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one
C. it with another D. it for another
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
请再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
A. he B. it
C. which D. as
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
A. either B. neither
C. another D. the other
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
A. that, that B. what, what
C. which, what D. as, which
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
A. that B. for
C. what D. 不填
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
A. what B. something
C. anything D. that
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
A. such B. so
C. those D. which
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
A. someone B. anyone
C. everyone D. no one
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
A. nothing B. none
C. no one D. no any
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
A. It, that B. That, how
C. What, how D. As, that
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
A. that B. what
C. which D. how
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
A. Which B. Whichever
C. Who D. Whatever
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
A. one B. it
C. that D. him
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
A. everything B. anything
C. nothing D. something
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
A. whose else’s B. who’s else
C. whose else D. who else’s
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person
C. Whoever D. No matter who
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. whomever B. anyone
C. whoever D. no matter who
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
A. none B. either
C. all D. neither
19. —Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
— _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
A. Neither B. All
C. Nothing D. None
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A. either B. neither
C. any D. none
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
A. either B. each
C. one D. it
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
A. one B. any
C. another D. some
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
A. him B. he
C. I D. me
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选C。当然，若去掉空格前的but，则可选C。
3. 选B，因是 both teams，即谈论的是两者，因此可锁定A和B；从语境上看，应选B，即双方都不愿输。
3. 选B。即两空均填 what，第一个what 相当于 something that；第二个what 相当于the thing that。
4. 选C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。
5. 选A，what 相当于 something that。
6. 选C，但容易误选A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，则需将 such 换掉，如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. 选C，句意为“教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”
8. 选B，nothing 指“什么也没有”；none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。
9. 选C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。
10. 选B。从句意推知。
11. 选B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选C；若选A，则句型不对；若选D，则语义不通。
12. 选D，what 相当于 the amount that。
13. 选 A，one 在此相当于a friend。
14. 选C，I like nothing better 相当于 It’s the best thing I like。
15. 选D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在which之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后，遇此情况可用 who else’s，如：
Who else’s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗?
但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用whose else。如：
Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?
16. 选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
17. 选C。whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语，同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。
18. 选B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项A和C，因为 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without，故空格处填either, 不用 neither。
19. 选D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B；虽然A、C、D均表否定意义，但neither 与前面的best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，不合语境。
20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指三者中的任意一个。
21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。
22. 选 B。根据下文的 it’s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。
23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。)
it的用法考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：
(1) I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
(2) Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.
A. it, it B. what, what
C. it, what D. what, it
2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
A. that B. those
C. it D. them
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语(句中 it 即为其宾语)。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I don’t like it when (if) … 作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
请做以下类似试题(答案均选 it)：
(1) I hate _______ if people say such things in public.
A. that B. those
C. it D. them
(2) I’d prefer _______ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays.
A. that B. such
C. it D. which
(3) I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions.
A. this B. that
C. it D. you
3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _______ was.
A. he B. that
C. she D. it
【陷阱】容易误选A或C。
【分析】最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：
(1) Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you.
(2) Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith.
A. He B. It
C. This D. That
第(1)题选A，因为来者身份明确；第(2)选B，因为来者身份不明确。
4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”
A. one B. it
C. some D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：
I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。(one = a pen)
I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。(one = a pen)
I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。(it = the pen)
在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：
There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______.
A. it B. one
C. another D. any
5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
A. it B. me
C. yourself D. them
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：
(1) I’ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them
(2) Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?
A. me B. yourself
C. it D. them
类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：
(1) You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them
(2) I can’t answer for ________ that the boy is honest.
A. it B. me
C. which D. them
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat — I haven’t bought _____ for five years.
A. it B. that
C. one D. which
2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics.
A. that B. it
C. himself D. him
3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.
A. as B. when
C. since D. that
4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it
C. one D. which
5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It, that B. As, /
C. As, as D. It, which
6. — I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. that B. it
C. this D. what
7. Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that
C. he D. it
8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That
C. There D. It
9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy.
A. There B. It
C. That D. They
10. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. this B. what
C. that D. it
11. “Look at that lady on the stage. She’s already forty.” “You are joking. She doesn’t look ________.”
A. so B. it
C. that D. this
13. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift.
A. As; Which B. What; that
C. It; that D. It; which
14. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
A. this B. that
C. it D. the following
【答案与解析】
1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。
2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。
3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。
4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。
5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B：
_______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.
A. It, that B. As, /
C. As, as D. It, which
6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.
7. 选 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。
8. 选 D。it’s no wonder that… 意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如：
No wonder (that) he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想去。
9. 选B。it 指环境。
10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.
12. 选 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。
13. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。
14. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。
介词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didn’t you?” “Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.”
A. to, with B. for, with
C. for, for D. at, for
【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。
【分析】答案应选 A。第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：
We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。
We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我们吃饭吃得迟。
句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是“我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点”。
2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B。
【分析】答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案选均D）：
(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed
A. which B. since
C. because D. because of
【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。
【分析】此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用“引导词”。如：
He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。
They can’t have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一个从句已经有了自己的“引导词”，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：
She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。
句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。
句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。
4. “How long have you been an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：
“When did you became an actor?” “_______ 1995, when I graduated from college.”
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用 in 1995 来回答便顺理成章。
请再看两题：
(1) “How long have you worked on the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问“工作了多久”，答句说“自去年年底至今”。
(2) “How long will you work on the farm?” “____ the end of next year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选B，问句问“将工作多久”，答句说“工作明年明底”。
(3) “When did you leave the farm?” “____ the end of last year.”
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案选C，问句问“何时离开”，答句说“去年明底离开”。
5. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
A. about B. with
C. to D. for
【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的“对某人生气”，将其中的“对”直译为to。
【分析】最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的“对”也不用to来翻译：
你对这些安排感到满意吗?
误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?
正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?
老师应该对他的学生严格要求。
误：Teachers should be strict to their students.
正：Teachers should be strict with their students.
6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of
C. on D. by
【陷阱】容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。
【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为“通过写信”，全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：
(1) We’ve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
A. of, with B. with, towards
C. about, about D. for, about
此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为“我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样?” What about…意为“……怎么样”，用于征求意见。
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with
C. of D. by
有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard … as … (把……当作……)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.
A. off B. along
C. on D. around
2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”
A. on B. since
C. until D. after
3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no way to get out.
A. in B. between
C. among D. on
4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain ______ flood.”
A. as well as B. so long as
C. because of D. in case of
5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
A. Given B. Supposed
C. Considered D. Concluded
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.
A. until B. in
C. by D. to
7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?
A. Because of B. Except
C. Besides D. But for
8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”
A. Past B. From
C. Over D. Through
9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.
A. Except B. except for
C. except that D. in addition
9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。
10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.
A .except B. except when
C. except for D. except that
11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.
A. besides B. except for
C. except D. except that
12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.
A. Except B. Except for
C. But D. Besides
13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. instead of
C. in case of D. in favor of
14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.
A. around B. abroad
C. aboard D. ahead
【答案与解析】
1. 选A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：
Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有20米远。
The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。
2. 选B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：I’ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.
3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选between：
Don’t eat anything ______ meals if you want to lose weight.
4. 选D。复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为“如果”；二是表示目的，意为“以防”。如：
In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打119电话。
Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。
5. 选A，given 在此用作介词，意为“考虑到”。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。
6. 选C，by 意为“最迟到……之前，到……的时候已经”。类例地，下面一题也选by：
The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _______5:40 p.m. at the latest.
A. until B. after
C. around D. by
7. 选C。besides 意为“除……之外，还”。又如：
He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。
Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。
Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动?
8. 选D。through 意为“穿过，贯穿，经过，透过”。又如：
The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。
I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的。
9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。
10. 选B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含“当……的时候”的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。
11. 选B。except 与 except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。
12. 选B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。
13. 选A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管…仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假设，万一；in favour of=赞同，有利于。
14. 选C。aboard 用作介词时意思“在(船、飞机、车)上”、“上(船、飞机、车)”。
形容词与副词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.
A. well, well B. bad, bad
C. well, badly D. badly, bad
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell 均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。
【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。
2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.”
A. What, interesting B. What, interested
C. How, interesting D. How, interested
【陷阱】容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。
【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时，可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面，有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：
All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。
All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。
再比较：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。
He is frightening. 他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.
A. very painful B. much painful
C. a lot of pain D. very paining
【陷阱】容易误选A，想当然地认为：pain 表示“痛”，其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。
【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”，而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”，所以它通常用于说明事物，而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会：
他仍很痛苦。
正：He is still in pain.
误：He’s still painful.
你感到痛吗?
正：Do you feel any pain?
误：Are you painful?
见到你这样生活我很痛心。
正：I am pained to see you living this way.
误：I am painful to see you living this way.
听到他的死讯，我们都很痛苦。
误：We were all painful to hear of his death.
正：We were all pained to hear of his death.
他眼睛痛。
正：He has painful eyes.
误：He’s painful in the eyes.
4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”
A. easy B. difficult
C. possible D. sure
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。
【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy 和difficult 后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如：
他回答案这个问题很容易。
误：He’s very easy to answer this quesiton.
正：It is very easy for her to answer this quesiton. (用形式主语 it 作主语)
正：The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物，但它与其后不定式有动宾关系，即 to answer this quesiton)
我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。
误：We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.
正：It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语)
对possible 来说，后接不定式时，其主语只能是 it，不能是具体的人或事物，即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如：
我们可能会赢得这场比赛。
误：We are possible to win the match.
误：The match is possible for us to win.
正：It is possible that we will win the match.
正：It is possible for us to win the match.
5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I’m not sure.
A. possible B. likely
C. impossible D. certain
【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。
【分析】根据句意首先排除D；再根据上面一题的分析，排除A和C；也就是说，此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法，它与possible所用句型不同，请看实例：
Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?
It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。
They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词，而前两句中的likely为形容词)
6. Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ________.
A. you’re convenient B. it is convenient for you
C. you feel convenient D. it is convenient with you
【陷阱】容易误选A或C，因为许多同学将汉语中的“如果你方便的话”直译为 if you are convenient 或 if you feel convenient。
【分析】最佳答案为B，因为英语中的 convenient不是表示“感到方便的”，而是表示“使人感到方便的”，所以 be convenient 的主语通常不能是“人”。要表示“如果你方便的话”，英语通常 if it is convenient for [to] you，其中的介词可用 for 或 to，但一般不用 with。顺便说一句，偶尔也可见到用人或物作 be convenient的主语，但此时的句子必须具备这样的特点：句子主语是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，如：
Mary is convenient to see on Sunday. / It is convenient to see Mary on Sunday. 星期天去见玛丽较为方便。
The furniture is convenient to move. / It is convenient to move the furniture. 这家具搬起来很方便。
7. We were two hours late that day, which was due to the ______.
A. crowded traffic B. crowded traffics
C. busy traffic D. busy traffics
【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多同学将汉语中的“拥挤的交通”直译为 crowded traffic(s)；由于 traffic 不可数，排除含 traffics 的选项，所以许多考生便选定答案A。
【分析】其实，此题的最佳答案是C，因为英语的 traffic 习惯上不用 crowded 修饰，而用 busy 或 heavy 修饰，以说明“交通”的“拥挤”。类似这样的在修饰语方面需特别注意的还有：
(1) 汉语的“绿茶”说成英语是green tea，但相应的“红茶”却是black tea 而不是 red tea。
(2) 可说thick soup(浓汤)，但不说thick coffee (tea)；要表示“浓咖啡(茶)”，可用strong coffee (tea)。
(3) 可说thin soup(稀汤)，但不说thin coffee (tea)；要表示“淡咖啡(茶)”，可用weak coffee (tea)。
8. Mary is very clever and _____ worth teaching, but her brother is not. Look, he is now _____ asleep in class.
A. very, very B. much, very
C. well, very D. well, fast
【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的 very 等同。
【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的 very 来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成 I very like English，而应说成 I like English very much，因为副词 very 在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词 worth 和 asleep 习惯上不能用副词 very 来修饰，而是分别用 well 和 fast修饰，即说成 be well worth doing sth(很值得做某事)，be fast (或 sound) asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。
9. “Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _____ tea and two _____ coffees.”
A. black, white B. red, white
C. black, green D. red, black
【陷阱】容易误选B或D。
【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。
10. Entering the house we found him lying on the bed with his mouth _______ and eyes _______.
A. open, close B. opened, closed
C. opened, close D. open, closed
【陷阱】此题很容易误选A。
【分析】答案应选 D。open 和 close 均可用作动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：
Please open your mouth and close your eyes. 请张开嘴，闭上眼。
但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”、“亲近的”等，而并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用 closed，即用作形容词时，open 与close 不是一对反义词，而与 closed 才是反义词。
11. A ______ road goes ______ from one place to another.
A. straight, straight B. straightly, straightly
C. straight, straightly D. straightly, straight
【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly 是straight 的副词形式。
【分析】在现代英语中，straight 既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. It was _____ opportunity to miss.
A. too good an B. a too good
C. too a good D. too good
2. I don’t like it at all. It can’t be _____.
A. better B. worse
C. best D. worst
3. There was nothing special about this film — it was only ______.
A. particular B. average
C. interesting D. strange
4. She looks very _____ but I can’t remember her name.
A. similar B. familiar
C. friendly D. strange
5. He said he would return the money, and I was ______.
A. fool enough to believe him
B. enough fool to believe him
C. fool enough believing him
D. enough fool believing him
6. “This book is ______ more useful for us students.” “Yes, but it is _______ too difficult.”
A. quite, quite B. much, rather
C. rather, quite D. quite, much
7. The children all looked _____ at the broken model plane and felt quite _____.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly
C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
8. The child dreamed that he had once lived in a _______ house in the forest.
A. wooden pretty little B. little pretty wooden
C. pretty little wooden D. wooden little pretty
9. He wanted to read more, so he asked his friends if there was _______ to read.
A. something easy enough B. something enough easy
C. enough easy something D. easy enough something
10. The doctor assured the patient that there was ______ with her, but she could not help worrying.
A. seriously wrong nothing B. nothing serious wrong
C. nothing seriously wrong D. serious nothing wrong
11. —How is your father?
—He’s fine. He’s______ to play tennis every Sunday.
A. enough active still B. enough still active
C. still active enough D. still enough active
12. —Did you wash your new suit in hot water?
—Of course not. I am not ______ foolish.
A. very B. that
C. very much D. too
13.—Which team is _______ to win the game?
—I don’t know, but I’ve found _______ for ours to win.
A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible
C. possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly
14. He didn’t understand the _______ question, so there was a ______ expression on his face.
A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling
C. puzzled; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling
15. She can speak _______ in front of Mack, but she can’t eat ______ in his restaurant.
A. free, free B. free, freely
C. freely, free D. freely, freely
16. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood ____ to her mother.
A. close B. closely
C. closed D. closing
17. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he _______ passed the last exam.
A. easily B. hardly
C. actually D. successfully
【答案与解析】
1. 选A，too … to … 结构除用于“too + 形容词或副词 + to do sth”外，也可用于“too + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词 + to do sth”。
2. 选B，it can’t be worse 相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew。
3. 选B，average 意为“平常的”、“普通的”。
4. 选B，similar 指“相似”，familiar 指“熟悉”。
5. 选A，此处的 fool 虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于 foolish。
6. 选B。虽然 quite, rather, much 均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词 too(太)时，只能用 rather 或 much，而不用 quite。
7. 选D。第一个 look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词 at)，第二个look 是连系动词。
8. 选 C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词—大小（长短高低）形容词—形状形容词—年龄（新旧）形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途（类别）形容词—名词（动名词）。
9. 选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰something, anything, nothing 等复合不定代词的形容词，应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。
10. 选C。wrong 修饰nothing，seriously 修饰wrong。
11. 选C。still 修饰 active，置于其前；而副词enough 修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。
12. 选B。that 在此用作副词，不是代词，用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。
13. 选B。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第5题。
14. 选A。理由见“典型陷阱题分析”第2题。
15. 选C。第一空填 freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填free，意为“免费地”。
16. 选 A。close 与 closely 的区别是：指实际距离近，用 close；指抽象意义，用 closely。
17. 选 B。首先应弄清 second to none 的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之意就是“第一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的 but 可知，选项 B 最恰当。
比较结构考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the best
【陷阱】容易误选D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。
【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A，该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例：
He is fine, never better. 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样好看的鸟。
比较以下试题，情形也大致相同：
(1) “I’ve never found a better job.” “_______.”
A. I don’t think so B. Too bad
C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
答案选C，I’ve never found a better job可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略，句意为：我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作。
(2) “What do you think of the service here?” “Oh, ______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案选 C。We couldn’t have found a better place 可视为We couldn’t have found a better place than this place，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这个地方更好的地方”，即“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”。
(3) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _____IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
答案选B，句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的”。
(4) . How cold it is! We’ve never had ______ this winter.
A. the colder day B. a cold day
C. the coldest day D. a colder day
答案选D。句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子”。
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more
C. better D. the most
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D，因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known，有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选A还是C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故应选比较级。
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
A. not more B. no more
C. not less D. no less
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：
not more … than = 不如……
no more … than = 和……一样不 (否定两者)
not less … than = 不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
no less … than = 和……一样 (肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思：
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。
You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。
通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为B。
4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is ____ than fat.”
A. short B. shorter
C. more short D. shortest
【陷阱】容易误选B。认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。
【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：
(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：
My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如：
He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。
按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. In my apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.
A. larger one B. the larger of which
C. the largest one D. the largest of which
2. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldn’t have been ____.”
A. better B. worse
C. more D. less
3. I’m _____ at sums than Jean, but better at history.
A. more B. less
C. worse D. cleverer
4. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic — it rained nonstop.
A. a worse B. a worst
C. the worse D. the worst
5. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can’t be bothered to think of _____.
A. a better B. a best
C. the better D. the good
6. — Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Sorry to say I didn’t. It was ______ a meeting than a party.
A. more like B. quite like
C. less like D. more or less
7. When they arrived at the school it was raining _______ harder.
A. more B. quite
C. very D even
8. With the development of the Internet, _______ communication is done by regular mail.
A. less B. more
C. little D. few
9. — If you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
— OK, but do you have ______ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger
C. the big D. the bigger
10. If there were no examinations, we should have ______ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
11. This dress is prettier, but it costs ______ that one.
A. twice more than B. twice as much as
C. as much twice as D. twice so much as
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，由于是两个房间，即是两者比较，故宜用比较级，因此排除C和D；又由于两句之间没有连词，故不宜选A。注：若在空格前加上and 一词，则要选A。
2. 选B。此题关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境，Not at all 为 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，他的回答当然会是 It couldn’t have been worse（不可能更糟）。
3. 选 C，句意为“我的算术比琼差，但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better。
4. 选A，we couldn’t have picked a worst day 的实际意思是 it is the worst day we’ve picked。
5. 选A，a better 为 a better one 之省略。另外，a better one（一个更好的）是与其前文“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。
6. 选A。根据空格后的than，排除B和D；根据语境，排除C。
7. 选D。more 后不能比较级，故排除A；quite 除用于quite better外，不用于修饰比较，故排除B；very 不用修饰比较级，故排除C。
8. 选A。若选B或C均不合事实；若选D，不合语法，因为few 后要接可数名词的复数形式。
9. 选B。从句意看，空格处应填比较级bigger，因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是，一个用了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。
10. 选D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较，所以应用比较级，不用最高级，由此排除A和C。选项B的错误在于用了more happier这样的双重比较级（即more后不能再加比较级）。
11. 选B。修饰as…as的副词应置于该结构之前。
连词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. I’m sorry, _____ I won’t be able to come tonight.
A. for B. and
C. but D. then
【陷阱】容易误选A，因为空格后的句子是用以说明 I’m sorry 的原因的，所以便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。
【分析】事实上，I’m sorry 后习惯上不接表示原因的连词 for，而接表示转折的连词 but（也可省略 but），用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。又如：
Oh, sorry, but she’s out. 哦，不好意思，她出去了。
I’m sorry, but I have to disagree. 对不起，我不敢苟同。
I’m sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 对不起，我已经有约会了。
注：I’m sorry 后虽然不能接表原因的连词for，但却可接介词 for。如：
I’m sorry for shouting at you. 对不起冲你嚷嚷了。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not.
A. but whether B. and whether
C. but how D. and how
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为A。此题涉及两个搭配：一是 not … but …（不是……而是……），二是 whether … or not (是否)。请看类例：
He was not an actor, who often appeared on stage, _____ a writer, writing stories.
A. but B. and
C. then D. so
答案选A，主要考查 not … but … 结构。
3. Just because they make more money than I do, _____ they seem to look down on me.
A. so B. and
C. but D. 不填
【陷阱】但容易误选A，将汉语的“因为……所以……”直译为 because … so …。
【分析】此题正确答案为D，但是按英语语法，because 为从属连词，用以引导原因状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 so 在表示“所以”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 because，又用了并列连词 so，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。
4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _____ he won first prize.
A. but B. and
C. even D. 不填
【陷阱】容易误选A，将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为 although … but …。
【分析】正确答案选D。按英语语法，although 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它表明整个句子为复合句；而 but 在表示“但是”时，它是并列连词，用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 although，又用了并列连词 but ，使得该句一半像复合句，一半像并列句，从而导致错误。正确的做法是，任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一个，使之要么成为复合句，要么成为并列句。其实，此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句，许多同学(包括许多老师和教学参考书)为了便于记忆，将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯，because和so不可连用，although 与 but 不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的，也是有效的，但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则，如果只是死记该规则，有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如：
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来我还是知道了。
此句既用了并列连词 but，又用了从属连词 although，但它并未造成错误，原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同，即此句 but 用于 although 之前，but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用，but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍为一个复合句。
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难。
此句将 but 与 although 用在一起，但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths
的复合句——这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.
5. When the last prize had been awarded _____ everybody cleared off.
A. and B. so
C. or D. 不填
【陷阱】容易想当然地误选A。
【分析】句首 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，它暗示整个句子为复合句；而so, and, or 为并列连词，无论选哪一个，都表明整个句子为并列句，从而导致前后矛盾，所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D，everybody cleared off 为整个复合句的主句。请看类似例子：
(1) If wishes were horses, _____ beggars would ride.
A. and B. so
C. or D. 不填
(2) If I’m mistaken, _____ you are mistaken too.
A. so B. and
C. or D. 不填
(3) Just before I left London, _____ I sent him a telegram.
A. and B. so
C. or D. 不填
(4) After they had each said a few words, _____ Lloyd George took the floor.
A. and B. so
C. or D. 不填
答案均选D，空格前分别为 if, when, before, after 引导的状语从句，空格后为整个复合句的主句。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on?” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.”
A. and, and B. or, or
C. and, or D. or, and
2. “_____ when does the pub stay open?” “About midnight.”
A. Since B. Before
C. Until D. After
3. “Would you like tea _____ coffee?” “_____, thanks.”
A. or, No B. and, Either
C. or, Neither D. and, Each
4. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do.
A. and B. then
C. so D. but
5. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right.
A. that B. which
C. that what D. what that
6. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods?
A. and B. or
C. so D. then
7. It shocked me to see ______ my neighbors treated their children.
A. why B. whether
C. how D. since
8. _____ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close.
A. Until B. Unless
C. Since D. While
9. We were just about ready to leave _____ it started to snow.
A. when B. before
C. after D. since
10. —I don’t like chicken _______ fish.
—I don’t like chicken, _______ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but
C. or, but D. or, and
11. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
—I’d like to, ___ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so
C. as D. but
【答案与解析】
1. 选D，第一空填 or，表选择；第二空填 and，can’t drink and drive 指不能同时既喝酒又开车，即不能酒后开车。
2. 选C，句意为“这家酒店开门到什么?（或这家酒店什么时候关门?）”
3. 选C，选项A用No来回答选择疑问句，不妥；选项B用 and 连接 tea 与 coffee，说明问句并非提供选择，而答语却用了 either 这样表选择性的词语，也不妥；选项D与语境不符。
4. 选D，前后意思转折，故选 but。注：but they do = but they like him。
5. 选C，that 为引导宾语从句的连词，在 that what he said at the meeting was right 这一宾语从句中，又包含有what he said at the meeting 这一主语从句，而在该主语从句中，what用作动词 said 的宾语。
6. 选B，or 表选择。
7. 选C。how 修饰谓语动词 treated。
8. 选B，从句意推知。
9. 选A，when 在此用作并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”。
10. 选C。第一空填 or，在否定词后用or，表示否定两者；第二空填but，表示转折。
11. 选D。but表转折，符合语意。而表并列的and， 结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。
动词时态考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词 but)，故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例：
— Oh, I ______ where he lives.
— Don’t you carry your address book?
No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
A. was B. had been
C. would be D. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。
【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题(答案均为A)：
(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _____ it was gone.
A. found B. had found
C. would find D. would have found
(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. needn’t D. would not have
(3) We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
(4) I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
A. called B. had called
C. would call D. would have called
(5) The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
A. was B. is
C. were D. had been
3. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
4. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t
C. don’t D. can’t
【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗?”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：
(1) “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
答案选B，“他答应(要来)”应发生在过去。
(2) “Hey, look where you are going!” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。
(3) “Oh it’s you ! I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”
A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized
答案选C。“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。
(4) “What’s her new telephone number?” “Oh, I _____.”
A. forget B. forgot
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
(5) “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready?” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize
C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized
答案选B。“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。
(6) “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really? I ______ it at all.”
A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized
答案选C。“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C。
【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
A. is, is B. was, was
C. is, was D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：
“What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______?”
A. were, had been B. have been, are
C. are, were D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。
7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
A. come B. comes
C. will come D. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选B。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果)，而是宾语从句(即if＝是否)，句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：
(1) I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
(2) “When _____ he come?” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
(3) “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from
C. dates from D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will。比较：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother.
A. will lose B. is losing
C. had lost D. has lost
2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.
A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone
C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going
3. I _____ for five minutes; why don’t they come?
A. am calling B. called
C. was calling D. have been calling
4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed
C. are missing D. had missed
5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.
A. are deciding B. decided
C. have decided D. had decided
6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _____ it?
A. took B. has taken
C. will take D. had taken
7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
A. save B. were saving
C. have saved D. are saving
8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again?
A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch
C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch
9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher! We _____ for 20 years.
A. don’t meet B. haven’t met
C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet
10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.
A. was to meet B. have met
C. had met D. would meet
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.
A. are expected B. have expected
C. are expecting D. will expect
12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
A. had written, left B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.
A. phoned B. would phone
C. had phoned D. was phoning
15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet?” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished
C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing
16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank?
—No, he _______ in the other direction.
A. was looking B. had looked
C. looked D. is looking
17. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”
A. almost have B. almost had
C. almost did D. might have
19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active?
A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot?”
A. Have you studied B. Did you study
C. Had you studied D. Do you study
21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please?” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”
A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened
C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened
22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker!” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”
A. discovered B. had discovered
C. discovers D. is discovering
23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
A. had rang; was B. has rung; was
C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is
24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.
A. has held B. had held
C. was holding D. would hold
25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
A. just went away B. had gone away
C. was just going away D. has just gone away
26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really? I ______.”
A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing
C. don’t know D. haven’t known
27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame! He _______!”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.
A. has had B. was having
C. is having D. has
29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived?” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
A. had gone B. has gone
C. is going D. went
30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”
A. is doing B. was doing
C. has done D. has been doing
31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.
A. included; were B. to include; are
C. including; were D. including; are
31. 选 C。第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。
【答案与解析】
1. 选D。根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。
2. 选C。句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。
3. 选D。用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。
5. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响。
6. 选B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
7. 选D。用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
8. 选A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
9. 选B。用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。
10. 选B。before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。
11. 选C。用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。
12. 选C。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。
13. 选D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
14. 选D。注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。
15. 选B。注意下文语境——事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。
16. 选A。表示当时正在进行的动作。
17. 选A。表示目前一种持续的状态。
18. 选C。句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C。
19. 选B。always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。
20. 选C。根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过?”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。
21. 选C。“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。
22. 选C。答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
23. 选B。按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。
24. 选C。用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。
25. 选C。由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。
26. 选A。“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。
27. 选B。根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
28. 选C。just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now。根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。
29. 选D。Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他(发生在过去)之后不久。
30. 选 D。现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。
被动语态考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _____ very soft.”
A. is feeling B. felt
C. feels D. is felt
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以 feel 选用被动语态。
【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为 feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子 (答案均为D)：
(1) Her forehead _____ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.
A. is feeling B. felt
C. is felt D. feels
(2) The new school has been completed. It _____ very beautiful.
A. is looked B. looked
C. has looked D. looks
(3) The dish _____ nice, but the milk _____ sour.
A. is smelt, is smelt B. is smelt, smells
C. smells, is smelt D. smells, smells
(4) The story of his life _____ interesting.
A. is sounded B. is sounding
C. has sounded D. sounds
2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisfy B. to, didn’t satisfy
C. at, wasn’t satisfied D. to, wasn’t satisfied
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。 be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about) 换成 to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为 not satisfy，这是是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
A. gave B. was given
C. had given D. had been given
2. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying
C. has said D. is said
3 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
A. attacked and robbed B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
4. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
A. was holding B. had held
C. was to hold D. was to be held
5. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
6. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
A. permits B. is permitting
C. is permitted D. has permitted
7. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
A. give B. are given
C. have given D. to give
8. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
A. has introduced B. is being introduced
C. is introduced D. was introduced
9.”How about the dishes, Dear?” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
A. cooked B. had been cooked
C. was cooked D. had cooked
10. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
A. wrote B. was writing
C. was written D. were written
11. “Look! Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for?”
A. is being building B. has been built
C. is built D. is being built
12. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
13. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.
A. says B. is saying
C. has said D. is said
14. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
A. develop B. are being developed
C. are developing D. have developed
【答案与解析】
1. 选B。一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。
2. 选D。此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
3. 选A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。
4. 选D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。
5. 选B。从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
6. 选A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting。
7. 选B。谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。
8. 选B。技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。
9. 选B。从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有 didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。
10. 选D。in which were written the names and addresses…为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook。
11. 选D。因为 building 应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。
12. 选B。jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。
13. 选D。因为主语 a red sky 与谓语动词say之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
14. 选B。因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
2004.4.15
11 动词用法与辨析
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
A. advertise B. advertise for
C. advertise on D. advertise to
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”，advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。
【分析】事实上，正确答案为A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词：用作及物动词时，其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”；用作不及物动词时，其意为“做广告”、“登广告”，此时通常后接介词 for，表示“做广告征求”。比较：
advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)
advertise sth 为……登广告，登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词，其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)
People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。
The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。
再比较以下用例：
advertise jobs 登广告招人
advertise for jobs 登广告求职
2. No matter how much you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.
A. serve B. serve for
C. serve to D. serve on
【陷阱】容易误选B，即字对字地翻译汉语的“全心全意为人民服务”，将其中的“为”译为 for。
【分析】答案选A，serve 意为“为……服务”，可直接用作及物动词，其后不能按汉语意思误加介词 for。请看以下类似例子：
(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang B. rang to
C. rang with D. rang to
答案选A，ring 可以用作及物动词，表示“给……打电话”，故其后不用介词。
(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.
A. marry B. marry to
C. marry with D. marry for
答案选A，marry 可用作及物或不及物动词，用作及物动词时它的意思“与……结婚”，而不仅仅是“结婚”，也就是说，后接宾语时，无需用介词 to, with 等。
(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green?
A. contact B. contact with
C. contact to D. contact for
答案选A，contact 为及物动词，表示“与……联系”，其后不接介词。
3. According to the rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch
C. notice D. look at
【陷阱】容易误选A。因为按照英语一般习惯：看书看报用动词 read，看电视用动词watch，看电影用动词see，看比赛用动词watch，看黑板用动词look at，等等。
【分析】一般说来，汉语的“看书”至少有两层意思，一是指阅读性地看书，即看书＝读书，此时通常用动词read；另一种看书则不是指阅读性地看书，而只是大概地翻一翻或看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句以及考试时偷看书本等等，此时通常都不宜用动词read，而应根据情况选用其他动词(如 look at)。又如：
Let me have a look at the book. 让我看看或翻翻这本书。
Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。
4. “I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go?”
A. let B. agree
C. allow D. promise
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to；不能选B是因为动词 agree 习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式；不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中，to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语，比如 He promised me to go 的意思是“他答应我，他去”，而不是“他答应我让我去”。之所以能选C，是因为 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）与上文语境刚好吻合。
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
A. disagreed B. refused
C. agreed D. hoped
【陷阱】容易误选A，根据 agree to do sth(同意做某事)，想当然地类推出 disagree to do sth(不同意或不愿意做某事)。
【分析】事实上，语言有很多问题是不能类推的，如上面这一例，英语可说 agree to do sth，但习惯上却不说 disagree to do sth。类似地，英语中可说 like doing [to do] sth，但在现代英语中习惯上说 dislike
doing sth，却不说dislike to do sth。其实上面一题的最佳答案是B，refuse to do sth 意为“拒绝做某事”或“不愿做某事”。
6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
A. speak B. say
C. talk D. mention
【陷阱】很容易根据“他们拥有两辆小汽车，更不用说一辆摩托车了”这一中文语境而选择B。
【分析】其实最佳答案为D。因为not to say 和 not to mention 均为习语，但其含义区别甚大：
not to mention＝更不用说，此外还有
not to say＝虽不能说，即使不能说
It is warm, not to say hot. 天气虽说不上热，但也够暖了。
He was impolite, not to say rude. 他即使不是粗鲁，至少也是没有礼貌。
There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙，还不算小孩。
They have three dogs to look after, not to mention the cat and the bird. 他们有三只狗要照顾，更别提那只猫和鸟了。
7. “Do your parents agree to your doing that?” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”
A. hope B. suggest
C. support D. encourage
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。因为若仅从汉语意思来看，四个选项均可填入空格处。
【分析】其实此题的正解答案是D。因为在以上四个选项中，只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即可用于 encourage sb to do sth，而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语，即英语中习惯上不说 hope sb to do sth, suggest sb to do sth, support sb to do sth。顺便说一句，以下英汉语表达也有类似差别，请注意：
汉语说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。
汉语说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。
汉语说“不同意某人做某事”，但英语不说disagree sb to do sth。
汉语说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。
汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。
汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 propose sb to do sth。
汉语说“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说 approve sb to do sth。
汉语说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。
汉语说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth。
汉语说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth。
汉语说“指导某人做某事”，但英语不说 guide sb to do sth。
汉语说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。
汉语说“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说 prevent sb to do sth。
汉语说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。
汉语说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。
汉语说“陪伴某人做某事”，但英语不说 accompany sb to do sth。
要表示以上汉语意思，英语需改用其他说法。如：
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
arrnage for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事
congratulate sb on doing sth 祝贺某人做了某事
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
等等。
8. Nowadays everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.
A. accept B. accept a
C. receive D. receive a
【陷阱】容易误选A或B。因为accept 与 receive 的基本区别是前者表示“接受”，后者表示“收到”，而汉语通常是说“接受教育”，而不是说“收到教育”，所以选A或B，
【分析】其实上，此题的正确答案是D，因为英语中习惯说 receive a good education，而不说 accept a good education。另外，education 表示抽象意义的“教育”时，不可数，但表示“一种教育”或“一段教育”时，可与不定冠词连用。
9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
A. care B. prevent
C. defend D. protect
【陷阱】容易误选B。因为许多同学一看到题干中的 from，再联系到选项中的 prevent，便马上想起了 prevent … from … 这个常用搭配。
【分析】在 prevent A from B 这一句式中，A 和 B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点。此题正确答案应是 D，protect … from … 意为“保护……免受……”。
10. Mr. Smith was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car.
A. paid B. took
C. cost D. spent
【陷阱】容易误选A，误选的依据是pay … for … 这一搭配。
【分析】若单独说 He paid $2 000 for the car (他付了2 000美元买这车)是完全可以的，但问题是，本句前面有这样一句He was in great need of money (他急需要钱)，既然是“急需要钱”，又怎么还会花2000美元去买车呢？尤其还需注意的是 car 前的物主代词
his，这说明是为自己的车花2000美元钱，不合情理。此题的正确答案是B，take 在此表示“获得”、“得到”，句意为“他急需要钱，把自己的车以2000美元给卖掉了”。
11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
【陷阱】此题容易误选C。
【分析】其实应选B。choose 表示“选择”，其实是指“选择出来”(pick out)，而不是指“从……选择”，要表示后者的意思，要用 choose from，有时也用 choose among。同样地，下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略：
Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 这些词典可供你选择。
In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事实上，有各种各样的颜色可供选择。
比较：
He chose a red one. 他选了一个红色的。
He chose from some red ones. 他从一些红色的当中去选。
He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道选哪个。
He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道从哪个当中去选。
请做以下试题(答案选D)：
(1) “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】正确答案为B。persuade 的真正意思是“说服”，而不是“设法说服”，要表示后者的意思英语应用 try to persuade (当然也可用其他词，如 advise 等)。类似地：
(1) kill 的意思是“杀死”，不表示“设法杀死”，要表示后者的意思英语用 try to kill。
(2) prevent 的意思是“阻止”，不表示“设法阻止”，要表示后者的意思英语用 try to prevent。
13. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay，它是lie(位于，在)的过去式 lay；第二空 laid，它是 lay(放，置)的过去分词，句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及词形变换：
(1) lay 有两个常见意思：一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物)，二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如：
Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。
Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗？
Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?
(2) lie 有三个主要意思：一是表示“躺”或“平放”，二是表示“位于”，三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时，均为不及物动词。如：
Don’t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上。
The book lay open on the desk. 那本书摊开着放在桌上。
Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。
I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。
(3) 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思，而是其词形。注意下表所示：
意 思
现在分词
过去式
过去分词
lie
躺，平放，位于(vi.)
lying
lay
lain
lie
说谎(vi.)
lying
lied
lied
lay
放(vt.)，下蛋(vi.&vt.)
laying
laid
laid
请做下题(答案均为B)：
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
【陷阱】容易误选A或C。因为许多同学会模仿 come → came → come 的变化形式，想当然地认为 welcome的变化形式是 welcome → welcame → welcome。
【分析】此题第一空应填动词 paid，因为 pay a visit to（拜访）是惯用搭配，其中的 pay 不能换成take。第二空要填welcomed，因为welcome 用作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为 welcomed，即它是规则动词。有的同学也许会问，我们不是常说 You are welcome 吗? 为什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢？那是因为此处的 welcome 为形容词，而不是动词。
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】按英语语法，连系动词后通常接形容词作表语，而不接副词，据此可以排除选项B和D。但到底是应选A还是C呢？许多同学凭感觉认为 taste to be good 似乎很通顺，于是选了C。但是，错了，正确答案应是A。原因是用作连系动词的 taste 后习惯上不接to be。如：
这棵树上的苹果味道很好。
正：The apples from this tree taste delicious.
误：The apples from this tree taste to be delicious.
类似地，feel, smell, sound 等连系动词后习惯上也不接不定式 to be。如：
你的想法听起来很好。
正：Your idea sounds a good one.
误：Your idea sounds to be a good one.
玫瑰发出香气。
正：Roses smell sweet.
误：Roses smell to be sweet.
比较：seem, appear, prove, turn out, continue 等连系动词后可以接不定式 to be，也可省略 to be。如：
She seems (to be) a little tired. 她似乎有点累。
He appears (to be) quite young. 他显得年轻。
The examination turned out (to be) quite easy. 结果考试相当容易。
The weather continued (to be ) fine. 天气仍然很好。
注：用作连系动词的 look 后能否接 to be，各语法家意见不一：有的认为可接to be，有的认为不能接 to be。为此，建议同学们以不接 to be 为宜。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job?” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years?” “Yes, I see.”
A. has become B. has turned
C. has changed D. has been
5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
6. I don’t want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
A. suit B. fit
C. suits D. fits
7. “Will another fifty be enough?” “Just twenty will ______.”
A. work B. do
C. suit D. fit
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
A. send B. lead
C. drive D. show
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
A. got B. gained
C. seen D. caught
10. We haven’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
A. help B. enjoy
C. share D. spare
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
A. answered B. received
C. accepted D. agreed
12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
A. done B. seen
C. finished D. realized
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____?
A. work B. pass
C. agree D. does
14. What’s the matter with the radio? Why isn’t it _____?
A. broadcasting B. working
C. doing D. sounding
15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
A. spends B. takes
C. uses D. costs
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
A. sink B. swim
C. jump D. struggle
17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
A. passed B. recognized
C. missed D. lost
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
A. noticing B. running
C. watching D. glancing
19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
A. save B. share
C. serve D. help
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
A. use B. waste
C. spend D. put
21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
A. expects B. hopes
C. wishes D. requires
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
A. hope B. wish
C. achieve D. succeed
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，spare 在表示“腾出或省去（多余的人或物）”。
2. 选C，regard … as …的意思“把……当作……”，其中的介词 as 不能换成 to be。
3. 选B。I tried to 为 I tried to get a job 之省略。
4. 选D。因为A、B、C均为终止性动词，均不能连用 for about six years 这样的一段时间。
5. 选A。matter 在此的意思是“要紧”、“关系重大”。
6. 选A。填空句为强调句，强调主语 red and black colours，故其后的谓语要用复数，即排除C和D。另外，fit 与suit区别是：fit 表示“适合”或“合身”等(及物或不及物)，主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而 suit 表示“适合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。
7. 选B。do 在此表示“够”、“足够”、“适合”、“行”、“可以”等义。又如：
This will never do! 这事永远不可以。
I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我饿了，给我弄点吃的东西，什么都行。
8. 选D。show sb to the door 意为“送某人到门口”。注意，其中的介词 to 不可省略，否则就成了 show sb the door（驱赶某人，下逐客令）。另外，也不要按汉语意思选A，因为send 通常表示派人送，而不表示亲自送。
9. 选D，catch 在此表示“发现”，句中的 provided 用作连词，意为“如果”。
10. 选C。既然书不够，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share(分享)了。
11. 选C。accept 意为“同意”、“接受”，注意不能选D，因为 agree 后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
12. 选D。realize 在此的意思不是“实现”，而是指“使(不安、恐惧等)成为事实”。
13. 选A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
14. 选B。work 在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。
15. 选D。spend 和 cost 均可表示“花费”，但句型不同：spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth (in doing sth)，cost + 某人或某机构 + 金钱或时间。
16. 选D。由句意和常识推知。
17. 选C。miss 指“错过”。
18. 选C，由句子的语境可推知。
19. 选A，save 指“省去(劳力等)”。
20. 选B。
21. 选A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“预料”。
22. 选C，achieve 意为“完成”、“做到”。其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
短语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. When he realized the police had seen him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for
C. made out D. made up
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】正确答案应选B。make for 意为“移向，走向”。最具干扰性的选项是A，因为make off 的意思是“匆匆逃走”。之所以不能选A，是因为 make off 不及物，其后不能接宾语；而 make for 是及物的，其后可以接宾语。另外两个选项的意思是：make out 指“勉强了解，开出(支票等)，成功”；make up 指“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”。
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at
C. drop in on D. drop in
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案应选B。drop in 意为“顺便走访，不预先通知的拜访”，为不及物动词，其后不接宾语，若要接宾语，遵循以下原则：表示拜访某人，后接介词on；表示拜访某地，后接介词at。call 表示“拜访”时也遵循以上原则，即 call at 后接地点，call on 后接人。
3. “Why didn’t you write?” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of
C. given away D. given out
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。give out 有很多意思，如表示“分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表，用尽，精疲力竭”等，此题取其“用尽”之义。选项A和B很具干扰性，它们均可表示“用完，用尽”，但是它们是及物的，其后应接宾语。假若将选项A改为been used up 也可以选。
4. I think your health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up
C. take up D. get up
【陷阱】几个干扰项均容易误选。
【分析】答案选B。pick up 的意思很多，其中一个用法是表示“恢复，改进，改善”。如：
The weather may pick up. 天气会好转的。
Business is picking up again. 生意又有所好转。
除此之处还可表示“拿起，捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；(用车)来接，去取；重新开始，继续；感染(疾病、坏习惯等)”等。
其他几个选项的意思分别为：give up 意为“放弃”；take up 意为“开始(学习或从事等)，继续，占去，接纳，提出”；get up 意为“起床”。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. To our surprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up
C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up
C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrangement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out
C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great changes taken place in your village?” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up
C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up
C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out
C. die away D. die off
7. My study of biology has ___C___ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down
C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).
A. broke down B. pulled down
C. turned down D. put down
9. The government has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for
C. looked for D. paid for
10. John has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away
C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of
C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The mother often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back from B. keep out of
C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surprise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up
C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up
C. work out D. carry out
15. Although Jane agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in
C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to
C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can hardly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off
C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend?” “Good idea! I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of
C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off
C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of animals can _______ the colour of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up
C. put on D. get into
【答案与解析】
1. 选A。turn out 意为“结果是，原来是”等；turn up 意为“找到， 发现，出现，开大音量”等；set out 意为“开始，出发，陈述”等；set up 意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创(纪录)，提出”等。
2. 选B。give up 意为“放弃”；give out 意为“分发，发出(气味、热等)，发表，用尽，精疲力竭”；give away意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖”；give off 意为“发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出（枝、杈等）”。
3. 选B。work out 在此表示“有预期结果”；work over 意为“调查，重做”；work up 意为“逐步建立，逐步发展”；work in 意为“配合，引进”。
4. 选B。set up 意为“建立”；hold up 意为“举起，支撑，继续下去，阻挡，拦截”；send up 意为“发出，射出，长出，使上升”；bring up 意为“教育，培养，提出”。
5. 选C。give up 指“放弃”，put up 指“举起，架起，修建，张贴”等，hang up 指“挂断(电话)”，ring up 指“给某人打电话”。
6. 选B。die away 指“(声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱”；die down 指“(慢慢)熄灭，平静下来”；die off 指“一个一个地死去”；die out 指“(家族、种族、习俗、观念等)灭绝，绝迹”。
7. 选C。take up 意为“开始(学习或从事等)，继续，占去，接纳，提出”；take off意为“脱下，起飞，打折，请假”；take away 意为“取走”；take down 意为“写下，拆下”。
8. 选A。break down意为“中止，毁掉，压倒，停顿，倒塌”；pull down 意为“摧毁，推翻，使降低，使身体变差”；turn down 意为“拒绝，关小音量，减弱，降低”；put down 意为“放下，拒绝，镇压，削减，记下”。
9. 选B。call for 意为“要求，提倡”；ask for 意为“请求，索要”；look for 意为“寻找”；pay for 意为“为……付钱”。
10. 选A。let out 意为“放掉，泄露，放大，出租”；give away 意为“送掉，分发，放弃，泄露, 出卖，让步”；bring in 意为“生产， 挣得，介绍引进”；make up 意为“弥补，虚构，缝制，整理，和解，编辑，化妆”。
11. 选A。put up with 意为“忍受，容忍”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”；have effect on 意为“对……有影响”；keep away from意为“远离，不接近”。
12. 选B。hold back from 意为“向……隐瞒”；keep out of 意为“使在……之外”；break away from 意为“脱离”；get rid of 意为“摆脱，消除，去掉”。
13. 选D。keep back 意为“扣下，留下，阻挡，隐瞒”；hold up意为“举起，支撑”；bring down 意为“打倒，击落，打死，降低”；cut off 意为“切断，断绝”。
14. 选B。make up 意为“弥补，虚构，整理，编辑，化妆”；take up 意为“拿起，开始从事，继续，吸收”；work out 意为“计算出，设计出，有预期结果”；carry out 意为“完成，实现，贯彻，执行”。
15. 选B。give in 意为“让步，屈服，上交”；give away 意为“分发，赠送，背弃，出卖，泄漏”； give off 意为“发出(光、热、声音、气味等)”；give out 意为“分发，散发，用完，耗尽，垮掉，失灵，出故障，发表，公布，发出(热、声音、信号等)”。
16. 选A。live up to 意为“实践，做到”；stand up to 意为“勇敢地抵抗”；look up to 意为“尊敬，仰望”；run up to 意为“达到，积累到”。
17. 选D。turn in 意为“上交，归还”；turn into 意为“进入，(使)变成”；turn to 意为“转向，变成，求助于，致力于”；turn off 意为“关掉，避开”。
18. 选C。see about 意为“查询，留意于”；look after和take careof均表示为“照顾，关心”；get down to 意为“开始认真考虑”。
19. 选A。set out 意为“陈述，陈列，出发，开始”；set off 意为“出发，动身”；set over 意为“移交，置于……上，指派……管理”；set up意为“设立，竖立，架起，升起，创(纪录)，提出”。
20. 选A。take on 意为“披上，呈现，具有，雇用，接纳，流行”；dress up 意为“打扮，装饰，伪装”；put on 意为“穿上，把……放在上，装出，增加”；get into意为“进入，陷入，穿上”。
情态动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall B. will
C. would D. can
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：
Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?
Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？
(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)
请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：
(1) “I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”
A. should B. must
C. would D. shall
2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t D. needn’t
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can
C. need D. may
【陷阱】可能误选B或C。
【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。
5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：
Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.
A. must copy B. must have copied
C. should copy D. should have copied
答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。
6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “I thought you wouldn’t mind.” “Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _____ me first.”
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I ______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. It’s a very kind offer, but I really _____ accept it.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. don’t
5. The police still haven’t found her, but they’re doing all they _____.
A. may B. can
C. must D. will
6. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn’t B. mightn’t
C. mustn’t D. won’t
7. You _____ him the news; he knew it already.
A. needn’t tell B. needn’t have told
C. mightn’t tell D. mightn’t have told
8. As she’s not here, I suppose she _____ home.
A. must go B. must have gone
C. might go D. might be going
9. Are you still here? You ______ home hours ago.
A. should go B. should have gone
C. might go D. may have gone
10. “I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.” “Oh, it _____ my aunt Jean.”
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
11. I _______ have met him a long time ago. Both his name and face are very familiar.
A. may B. can
C. would D. should
13. “Shall we go shopping?” “Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. can’t D. shouldn’t
14. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn’t B. can’t
C. may not D. needn’t
15. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t D. couldn’t
17. He ______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
18. “Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?” “I’m not so sure. She ______ ill.”
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
19. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
20. “You ______ your teacher for help. He is kind-hearted.” “Yes. A whole day _______.”
A. can ask, will waste
B. must have asked, had wasted
C. could have asked, was wasted
D. shouldn’t have asked, would be wasted
21. “Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must B. might
C. would D. can
22. “Show me your permit, please.” “Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It ______.”
A. might fall out B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
23. “Look at these tracks. It _______ be a wolf.” “Don’t be so sure. I think it _______ be a fox.”
A. must; could B. may; might
C. need; must D. could; need
25. “Did Jim come?” “I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.”
A. might have come B. might come
C. mush have come D. should have come
【答案与解析】
1. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”，此处含有责备之意。
2. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. 选B，表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事，用might + 动词完成式。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事，则可用 may [might] + 动词完成式，如 He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. 选C。由句意可知。
5. 选B，do all one can 意为“尽力”或“竭尽全力”。
6. 选C，mustn’t 在此相当于 can’t，且语气更强。
7. 选B，“needn’t + 动词完成式”的意思是：本来不必做某事，但实际上做了。上句意思是“你本来不必告诉他这个消息的，因为他(当时)已经知道了”。注意，句中 knew 为过去式。
8. 选B，must 后接动词完成式表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定已经做了某事”。
9. 选B，should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事，结果未做”。
10. 选B，对过去情况的肯定推测，宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”，再根据句意，可确定答案为B。注：can 表示推测通常不用于肯定句。
12. 选A。may have done sth 表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测，意为“可能曾经”。
13. 选C。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 意为“不能”。
14. 选B。根据上下文的语境推知。can’t 表推测，意为“不不能”。
16. 选D。couldn’t have done sth 表示对过去情况进行推测，意为“过去不可能发生过某情况”。
17. 选A。根据下文的 will be 可知，“他考试再不及格”是将来的事，据此可排除B和D。再根据语意，排除C。
18. 选D。从时间上看，由于是昨天没来开会，所以推测他生病也应指昨天，故排除A和C。从语境上看，既然上文说 I’m not so sure，那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选D。
19. 选C。根据上文的过去时态可知，此句谈的是过去的事，故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。
20. 选C。couldn’t have done sth 结构在此表示责备，指过去本来可以做某事但实际上未做。第二空填 was wasted，陈述的是过去的一事实。
21. 选B。根据下文的 I’ll phone the airport and find it out 可知，说话人对自己的推测没有很大把握，故选 might。若选A，语气太强，不合语境；若选D，不合语法习惯，因为can 表推测通常不用于肯定陈述句中。
22. 选D。既然“通行证现在不在口袋里”，那么它“掉出去”应发生在过去，故排除A和B。比较选项C和D所表示的意思，选D更恰当。
24. 选A。根据 Don’t be so sure 可知前面一空应填must。第二空填的could表示推测，虽为过去式形式，但表示现在意义，语气较委婉，它与表推测的 can 主要用于否定句和疑问句不同，它可以用于肯定陈述句。
25. 选A。根据句中有关时态可知“他来”发生在过去，故排除B；根据 I don’t know 可知选项C语气太肯定，不合适；选项D的意思是“本来应该来”，与语境不合。
非谓语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。
【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
此题的答案是 C不是A，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
此题答案选 C，这与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
2. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【陷阱】容易误选B，根据 can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。
【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：
can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题，答案也是 B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再请看以下试题：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
此题应选C，句中的 can’t help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：
(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用 devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。
(2) 选A错误：若将 do 改为 doing 则可以。
(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。
(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与 devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5) 选D错误：若单独看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为 being也可选它。
请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词 and 或 but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式 to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语 purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide
C. providing D. provided
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. to be tied B. being tied
C. tied D. having tied
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与 tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说 his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的 with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：
Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds B. found
C. being found D. will find
答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：
(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.
A. argued B. to be argued
C. to be arguing D. being argued
(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.
A. turned B. having turned
C. to be turned D. being turned
6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.
A. of taking B. taking
C. to take D. take
【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：
remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事
remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）
remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）
请看两个例句：
I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。
My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight
C. flight D. flying
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词 constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词 fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语 will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
【分析】正确答案为B，因为 get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
get down to doing sth 开始做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事
admit to doing 承认做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样
9. Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy B. buying
C. on buying D. in buying
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。
【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on [upon] (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：
He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
10. “Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
【陷阱】容易误选D，根据 have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。
【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的 some clothes 与其后的不定式 to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have some clothes to wash 中的 to wash 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：
Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。
11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put B. to put
C. putting D. having put
【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A)：
I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.
A. paid B. paying
C. to pay D. having paid
但是，下面一题稍有不同：
Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened
此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.
A. be, to do B. was, doing
C. be, doing D. was, to do
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：
(1) 第一空填 be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。
(2) 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 …should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：
(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.
A. to build B. building
C. build D. built
此题答案选 A，不是 B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：
…make use of every part of the materials to build the power station
由此可见，make use of 的宾语是 every part of the materials，其后的不定式 to build the power station 为目的状语。
(2) Does the way you thought of _______ the water clean make any sense?
A. making B. to make
C. how to make D. having made
此题答案选B，不是A。句子主语是 the way，you thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to make the water clean 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。
13. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】答案选A。此句结构较复杂，现分析如下：
(1) that they would like to see _____ the next year 是修饰名词 the plan 的定语从句。
(2) 由于 the plan 与空格处的 carry out 有被动关系，故填过去分词 carried out。
请做以下类似试题：
(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl?
A. to have go B. to have to go
C. to have gone D. having to go
在确定答案之前，我们先来看看下面这个句子：
I think I’d like to have a boy go with me.
句中的 go 要用原形，这是因为其前有表示使役的动词have。在此句中，假若对名词a boy 提问，便可得出：
Who do you think you’d like to have go with you?
对照上面一题，答案很显然是A。
(2) Who did the boss _____ his car this time?
A. make wash B. make to wash
C. make washing D. making to wash
在做此题之前，也请先看看下面这个句子：
The boss made Jack wash his car this time.
假若对句中的名词Jack 提问，便可得出：
Who did the boss make wash his car this time?
由此可知上面题答案为A。
(3) You can never imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.
A. found B. finding
C. to find D. for finding
此题答案选B。考查的基本结构是 have great difficulty (in) doing sth。
14. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.
A. to has come B. to have come
C. to having come D. has come
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】其实正确答案是A。大家知道，短语 look forward to意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词要用动名词，许多同学据此便选择了C。但问题是，句中介词 to 的宾语不是have come，而是the holiday。正解的句子分析是：the holiday为句子主语，we have been looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略)，has come 是句子谓语。请做以下类似试题：
(1) The man you referred to _____ just now.
A. comes B. come
C. coming D. came
答案选D，句子主语为 the man，you referred to 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。
(2) The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.
A. proves B. prove
C. proving D. be proved
答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory proves to be of no use in our studies.
(3) The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.
A. was B. be
C. being D. been
答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The work was worth praising.
(4) I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.
A. to help B. help
C. helping D. helped
答案是 A。句中空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the very work 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。
(5) Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing?
A. spending B. being spent
C. spend D. to spend
答案选 D。enjoy 的宾语是句首的疑问词 which，不是其后的动词 spending。此题中的 to spend… 用作目的状语。
(5) What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own.
A. being B. to be
C. is D. are
答案选C，而不选A。what the boy enjoys 是主语从句，空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。
(6) Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use.
A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove
答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是 nothing，that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”
(7) The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.
A. standing B. to stand
C. to standing D. to stands
答案选D。we paid a visit to 是修饰the old house 的定语从句，句中的stands 为主句谓语。
(8) The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to is
答案选D。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。
(9) The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.
A. came B. to come
C. to coming D. to came
答案选D。句中的he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。
(10) The result what he said would lead _____ his regret in the future.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to was
答案选D。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。
15. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这是非谓语动词作状语。
【分析】正确答案选A。根据句中的连词and 可推知它是一个并列句。假若将此题改为下面这样，则答案为B：
_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
但是，若改成下面一题这样，则答案为C(不定式短语表目的)：
_______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
请做以下试题，答案均选A，都是因为句中的并列连词 and（填空句为祈使句）：
(1) _______ to the top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.
A. Get B. To get
C. Getting D. Having got
(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.
A. Drink B. To drink
C. Drinking D. Having drinking
(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching
C. To watch D. Have watching
(4) _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look B. Looking
C. To look D. Having looked
(5) _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. Leave B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. When left
有时不用连词连接句子，而用破折号，情况也是一样(答案均选A)。如：
(6) _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turn B. Turning
C. to turn D. To have turned
(7) _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.
A. Try B. Trying
C. To try D. To have tried
以下各题也应选A，是因为句中的从属连词 when, before, until 等（填空句为祈使句）：
(8) ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
(9) ______ left when you get to the end of the street.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Kept
(10) ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.
A. Put B. Putting
C. To put D. To be putting
(11)______ until the lights have turned to green.
A. Wait B. To wait
C. Waiting D. Having waited
(12) ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.
A. Join B. To join
C. Joining D. Joined
以下各题也应选A，因为填空句为祈使句：
(13) I don’t want to listen a long story — just _____ me the result.
A. tell B. telling
C. to tell D. to be telling
(14) Why stand there watching — _____ and help us!
A. come B. coming
C. to come D. to be coming
(15) Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.
A. save B. to save
C. saving D. having saved
(16) First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.
A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking
C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking
(17) To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
但是请注意，类似下面这样的题目情形有所不同，所填部分为目的状语（用不定式，即答案选B）：
(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.
A. Study B. To study
C. Studying D. Having studied
(19) _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.
A. Sleep B. To sleep
C. Sleeping D. Having slept
(20) ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.
A. Keep B. To keep
C. Keeping D. Having kept
(21) ______ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.
A. Improving B. To improve
C. Improve D. Having improved
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting
C. to put D. putting
2. When you’re learning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have B. having
C. and have D. and having
3. I felt it a great honour ______ to speak to you.
A. to ask B. asking
C. to be asked D. having asked
4. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
5. Before you decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.
A. consider B. considering
C. to consider D. considered
6. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
7. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry D. saw carrying
9. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
11. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
12. To test eggs, _______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
13. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”
A. to get B. getting
C. to be getting D. having got
14. “Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”
A. Get B. Getting
C. To get D. to be getting
15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.
A. lost B. losing
C. to lose D. to have lost
16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.
A. to find B. to have found
C. to be found D. being found
17. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not do
18. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
19. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
20. “How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?” “The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
21. “What do you think made Mary so upset?” “_______ her new bike.”
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
22. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
23. Though ________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
25. Though I have often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.
A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing
C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing
26. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.
A. spoken B. speaking
C. speak D. be spoken
28. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
29. _______ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.
A. Taking B. Being taken
C. Taken D. Having taken
30. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.
A. followed by B. following by
C. to follow D. to be followed by
31. After describing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.
A. to explain B. explaining
C. to be explaining D. having explained
32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened
C. for opening D. in opening
33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering B. to be watering
C. to water D. being watering
34. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting B. to post
C. to be posting D. have posted
35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.
A. to tell B. telling
C. to have told D. having told
36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.
A. turning, going B. to turn, to go
C. turning, to go D. to turn, going
37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
38. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
39. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
41. With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting
C. to settle D. being settled
42. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
44. “Good morning. Can I help you?” “I’d like to have this package _______.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
45. What have we said _______ her so happy?
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. What worried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed
47. “Which sweater is yours?” “The one _______ No. 9.”
A. that marked B. was marked with
C. which marked D. marked with
48.If the car won’t start, _____ it.
A. try push B. try pushing
C. to try pushing D. to try to push
49. They stayed up until midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.
A. and saw B. to see
C. seeing D. for seeing
【答案与解析】
1. 选D。catch sb doing sth 意为“碰上某人在做某事”或“逮住某做某事”。
2. 选B。这是一个含when 引导时间状语从句的主从复合句，having a good teacher 在主句中用作主语。
3. 选C。句中的 it 为形式主语，不定式 to be asked to speak to you 为真正主语，因“我”与ask为被动关系，故用被动式。
4. 选 B。like 和 love后接不定式或动名词均可，但 would love / like 后只能接不定式，据此可排除选项 C、D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，其后要接不定式完成式，即选 B。
5. 选A，before 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。其中 it will have … 为修饰名词 the effect 的宾语从句。
6. 选 A。根据句中的 studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，也就是说“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，故用完成式，即选 A。
7. 选 C。do with 与 what 连用可以表示“处置”、“放置”、“利用”等。如：
What shall I do with it? 怎样处置它好呢?
What have you done with my umbrella? 你把我的雨伞放到哪 里去了?
I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
8. 选B。anyone seen carrying bags…为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags … 用作定语修饰代词 anyone。另外，句中的 who was seen carrying bags 为 see sb doing sth 这一结构的被动式。
9. 选 B。devote…to… 的意思是“把……贡献给……”或“致力于……”，其中 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后动词要用动名词。句中的 he had 为定语从句，用以修饰 all，注意不将 had to 视为同一个语义结构。
10. 选 C。lead to 意为“导致”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。由于逻辑主语 the thief 与catch 为被动关系，故答案选 C。
11. 选 D。look forward to 意为“期盼”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。注意不能选 B，因为 pay a visit 不能带 the flower-lined garden 作宾语，假若在 paying a visit 后加上介词 to，则可选 B。
12. 选A。句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故要用动词原形。
13. 选B。现在分词短语表伴随。
14. 选C。to get enough protein and nutrition 表目的。
15. 选A。(be) lost to sth 为习语，意为“不再受某事物的影响”、“将某事物置之度外”。
16. 选C。因keys 与 find 是被动关系。
17. 选 A。不定式的否定式总是将否定词 not 置于不定式符号 to 之前，而不能置于其后，同时结合 tell sb (not) to do sth 这一结构可排除选项 C、D。当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略该不定式而只保留不定式符号 to。
18. 选 B。find 后可接现在分词（表示动作在进行）或过去分词（表被动关系）作宾语补足语，但是不接不定式。另外，由于he 与 smoke 是主动关系，故选 B。
19. 选 D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。比较四个选项，finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是 she，而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等，故选 D。
20. 选 B。the key to… 意为“……的关键”，其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，若后接动词要用动名词。另一方面，名词 demand 与 make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，同时根据句中的 by the customers，可确定答案选 B。
21. 选 C。答句是针对疑问词 what 的回答，而问句中的疑问词 what 在句中用作主语，所以答句也应是一个能用作主语的东西，比较四个选项，只有C合适。其完整回答形式为 Losing her new bike made Mary so upset. 比较，下面一题要填不定式，因为四个选项中只有 To choose a new chairman 能回答疑问词 why：
“Why was a special meeting called?” “______ a new chairman.”
A. Choose B. Choosing
C. To choose D. Chosen
22. 选 D。由于 the research 与 begin 是被动关系，故用过去分词 begun。Once begun 可视为 once it is begun 之省略。
23. 选 C。由于 his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为 lack 是及物动词，故后接宾语无需用介词，故选 C。
24. 选 D。非谓语动词的否定式要将否定词 not 放在整个非谓语动词之前，据此可排除 A、C。另外，由于 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。
25. C。第一空填 sung，因为 song 与 sing 是被动关系；第二空填 sing，因为 you 与 sing 是主动关系。
27. 选 A。until spoken to 可视为 until he is spoken to 之略。
28. 选C，不定式短语to send it to 用作这语，修饰其前的名词 the person。注意句尾的介词 to 不能省略，因为被修饰的名词 the person 为介词 to 的逻辑宾语。
29. 选 C。this medicine 与动词take 为被动关系，故用过去分词。
30. 选A。从句意上看，人群跟在明星后面，反过来，明星便是被人群跟着。
31. 选A。go on doing sth = 继续做同一事情，go on to do sth = 做完某事后续继做某事。
32. 选C。excuse sb for doing sth 意为“原谅某人做了某事”。
33. 选C。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。
34. 选A。remember doing sth = 记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth = 记住要做的事。
35. 选B。根据下文的 I can only go so fast 知前文应是叫对方不要老催自己快走。比较：stop doing sth = 停止做某事，stop to do sth = 停下正在做的事去干另一事。
36. 选D。一是分清以下两个结构：remember to do sth=记住做某事，remember doing sth=记住曾做过某事；二是注意 when going to bed 相当于 when you go to bed。
37. 选 D。由于动词 give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，故用过去分词，即选 D。其中 Given time 可视为 If he is given time 之略。
38. C。由于 Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且因句中有 in 1636，故选 C。注意不能选 B，否则前后两句之间缺少必要的连词。
39. 选D，由于 remain 为不及物动词，所以包含过去分词 remained的A和C不宜选(因为两者均含有被动意味)；选项B也不宜选，不定式to remain 用作修饰 20 dollars 的后置定语，由于彼此之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，故不妥（因为 remain 不及物）。现在分词remaining 的意思是“剩下的”。
40. 选 B。动词 hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
41. 选 C。“with+名词+不定式”的意思是“有……要……”。又如：
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。
With such good cardres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策，我们感到放心。
42. 选 B。remain 作“尚需”解，是连系动词，其后要接不定式作表语。由于 see 与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
43. 选 D。否定词 not 应放在动名词之前，故排除A、C；又因为 Tony 与 invite 是被动关系，故选 D。
44. 选 D。“have+名词或代词+过去分词”结构在此表示“请某人做某事”。
45. 选 B。to make her so happy 是结果状语。注意词序What have we…，不是 What we have…。比较下面一题(答案选D)：
What we have said ________ her so happy.
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. 选 B。否定词 not 应放在-ing 形式之前，逻辑主语 his 之后，由此可排除 C 和 D；又因为 the child 与 allow 是被动关系，故选 B。
47. 选D。marked with 可视为 which is marked with No. 9 之略。
48. 选B。注意句首为if 引导的条件状语从句，填空句为祈使句，故第一个动词应是try，不应是 to try；另外，try doing sth 的意思是“做某事试试看有何效果”。
49. 选 B。不定式表目的。
虚拟语气考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are
C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。
4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming
C. came D. had come
【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：
(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”
A. won’t B. didn’t
C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”
A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”
A. won’t B. didn’t
C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.
A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling
C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
【陷阱】容易误选 D。
【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did
C. had D. would
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. don’t know B. hadn’t known
C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get
5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said
C. might say D. might have said
12. You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.
A. would have passed B. would pass
C. wouldn’t have passed D. wouldn’t pass
【答案与解析】
1. 选B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2. 选A。虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。
3. 选B。I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
4. 选A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
5. 选B。第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法)；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。
6. 选C。It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。
7. 选 B。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
8. 选 D。这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D。
9. 选 C。if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C。
10. 选 A。without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
11. 选 D。otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
12. 选 D。根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have+过去分词。
13. 选 C。as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth。又如下面一题要选 C：
It seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
A. circles B. is circling
C. were circling D. has been circling
14. 选C。but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C。
强调句型考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。
【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is [was]… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。
2. “How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”
A. it that B. he that
C. it when D. he which
【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。
【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：
(1) Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。
(2) What is it _____ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。
3. _____ was very ______ that little Jim wrote the letter.
A. It, careful B. It, carefully
C. He, careful D. He, carefully
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，但最有可能误选的可能是A，认为这是一个普通的系表结构，即认为第二空要填形容词作表语。
【分析】其实，此题是一个强调句，其非强调形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully. 若用 it is … that… 的强调句式强调其中的状语 very carefully 即为上面一题的题干，所以答案应选B。请看下面几例，也属强调结构：
(1) It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
答案选C，被强调成分为 when she was about to go to bed 这一时间状语从句。
(2) It may have been at Christmas _____ John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
答案选C，被强调成分为 at Christmas，其中的动词 be 采用了 may have been 这一较为复杂的形式。
4. “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?” “It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.”
A. where B. which
C. that D. when
【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。
【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a
meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。
其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。请再看两例：
(1) It was his nervousness in the interview ______ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。
(2) It is the ability to do the job ______ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。
6. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which, that B. that, which
C. which, which D. that, where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。
【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：
(1) It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how
C. who, that D. that, which
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy (以及修饰它的定语从句who had been in prison)。
(2) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where, which B. that, that
C. where, that D. which, that
此题答案选C，全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。
7. Was it five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是强调句。
【分析】其实，此题应选A，这不是强调句。因为在强调句中，若去掉强调句的结构词 it is [was]…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句不是这样，若去掉结构词，即为 Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at则可以，因为 at five o’clock 用作时间状语。此题选A可分析为：it 表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，全句意为“火灾是5点钟发生的吗?”比较下面一题（答案选B，为强调句）：
Was it at five o’clock ______the fire broke out?
A. when B. that
C. which D. in which
8. “Was it under the tree _____ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where
C. which D. while
【陷阱】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】其实此题应选D。做好此题的关键是正确理解上下文的语境。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”现在反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为非强调句，句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，句意显然很荒唐。
9. It’s more than half a century _____ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.
A. when B. that
C. since D. while
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是强调句型。
【分析】假若选B，将此句分析为强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 joined…became 却是两个终止性动词，这显然不合适。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中多用一般现在时代替。
10. It was lack of money, not of effort, _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
【陷阱】容易误选A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。
【分析】其实，此题最佳答案为C，整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort 这一结构，干扰了许多同学对 it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1.—Who are making so much noise in the garden?
—_______ the children.
A. It is B. They are
C. That is D. There are
2. It is _______ he often fails in exams ______ makes his parents worried about him.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; that D. / ; that
3. It is the protection for the trees _______ really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.
A. what B. that
C. 不填 D. which
4. It is _____ my father worked _____ I work now.
A. where, that B. where, when
C. that, where D. that, that
5. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that you
6. It was ten o’clock _____ he came back home.
A. when B. that
C. since D. after
7. It was not until he came back _____ he knew the police were looking for him.
A. which B. since
C. that D. before
【答案与解析】
1. 选A。为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。
2. 选C。为强调句型，被强调成分为主语从句 that he often fails in exams。
3. 选B。为强调句型，句意为“真正重要的在于保护树，而不在于种多少树”。
4. 选A，整个句子为 it was … that … 格式的强调句式，即第二空要填that；第一空填where，where my father worked 为地点状语从句，为强调句的被强调部分。句意为“我现在我父亲曾经工作过的地方工作”。
5. 选A，为强调句的一般疑问句形式，其相应陈述句为 It was you that I saw …。
6. 选A。when 表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”
7. 选C。为 He didn’t know the police were looking for him until he came back 之强调形式。注意，not … until … 的强调句式通常为 It was not until … that … 的形式。
名词性从句考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.
A. that B. what
C. that that D. what what
【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B。
【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.
A. which B. how
C. what D. having
【陷阱】可能误选A。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词 which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题(答案选B)：
He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”
A. that B. what
C. which D. as
3．“Is ______ you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A. this B. that
C. all that D. that all
【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all you want to say? 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all。
4. “When ______ leave for Japan?” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A. they will, will they B. will they, they will
C. they will, they will D. will they, will they
【陷阱】可能误选D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题(答案选C)：
(1) None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.
A. she will marry, she will marry B. she marries, she marries
C. she will marry, she marries D. she marries, she will marry
(2) “Where _______ go to work?” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”
A. we shall, we shall B. shall we, shall we
C. shall we, we shall D. we shall, shall we
5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用 he 或she等。比较以下两句：
Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。
Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。
6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A或B：选 A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who；选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句(注意没有先行词)。
【分析】其实答案应选C。that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词 know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语 my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题(答案均为C)：
(1) Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(2) I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
(3) He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that B. which
C. as D. because
前面两题 that 引导宾语从句，后面一题 that同位语从句(修饰the news)。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it B. which
C. that D. what
2. Patience is a kind of quality — and that is ___A___ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. which
C. which D. how
3. It has come to my notice _______ some of you have missed classes.
A. what B. which
C. that D. when
4. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “___ I was last night.”
A. That B. When
C. Where D. What
5. Country life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can’t enjoy while living in big cities.
A. that B. why
C. where D. what
6. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A. that B. when
C. what D. how
7. _______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
8. _______ we are doing has never been done before.
A. That B. What
C. Which D. Whether
9. People have heard _______ the President has said; they are waiting to see _______ he will do.
A. how, how B. what, what
C. when, how D. that, what
10. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants.
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
11. These wild flowers are so special I would do _______ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever
12. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A. What B. That
C. When D. Because
13. Eat ______ cake you like and leave the others for ______ comes in late.
A. any, who B. every, whoever
C. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever
14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _______ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. That’s because
15. ____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one
C. Anyone D. Whoever
16. _______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.
A. How; that B. That; which
C. That; which D. What; that
【答案与解析】
1. 选D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that made matters worse。
2. 选A。what 引导的是表语从句，相当于 the thing that it takes to do anything well。
3. 选C。that 引导的是一个主语从句，句首的it为形式主语。
4. 选 C。答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。类似地，下面选 C：
“_______ made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “______ she was a woman.”
A. What, What B. That, That
C. What, That D. That, What
5. 选D。what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that。
6. 选 C。句首的 it 是形式主语，空格处所填词用于引导主语从句。由于该主语从句中又缺主语，故排除A、B、D。（注意：不能选 A，因为 that 引导名词性从句时不能充当句子成分）
7. 选 A。第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why。
8. B。what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that。
9. B。两空均填 what，均用于引导宾语从句，因为两个宾语从句中的动词 said 和do 均缺宾语，而在各个选项中只有 what 可用作宾语。
10. 选 A。what 引导宾语从句。由于动词 wants 缺宾语，所以填 what。句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。
11. 选 A。I can to save them 为 I can do to save them 之略，此句中的 do 缺宾语，故选 whatever。
12. 选 B。that 在此引导主语从句，无词义，也不充当句子成分。注意不要根据中文意思选 D，因为 because 不用于引导主语从句。
13. 选 C。两个空格处均为引导宾语从句的引导词，而四个选项中两者可引导宾语从句的只有 C。
14. 选 B。比较 That’s why… 与 That’s because…：前者用于强调结果，后者用于强调原因。如下面一题选 D：
I got wet all through. _______ I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why
C. There’s why D. That’s because
15. 选 D。由 is worth praising 这一谓语可知前面是主语从句，排除不能引导从句的 B 项和 C 项；whoever 引导主语从句表示“任何……的人”，在此它相当于 anyone who。
16. 选 A。how 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。
定语从句考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.
A. which was B. it was
C. which were D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.
A. which is B. it is
C. which are D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.
A. which are B. it is
C. which is D. them are
(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are B. it is
C. which is D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that B. which
C. where D. what
【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。
【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：
_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。
再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：
(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As
C. That D. It
(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.
A. Which B. As
C. That D. It
4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：
David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.
A. that B. who
C. as D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.
A. like B. that
C. which D. as
5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that B. it
C. them D. which
【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that B. it
C. them D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that B. it
C. them D. which
(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.
A. that B. it
C. them D. which
类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：
(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that B. him
C. them D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that B. who
C. them D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.
A. that B. who
C. them D. whom
6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.
A. whom B. them
C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。
【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of… 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：
(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. which B. them
C. what D. that
(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.
A. them B. which
C. what D. that
(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. whom B. them
C. which D. who
(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.
A. them B. whom
C. which D. who
7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.
A. whom B. them
C. which D. who
【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.
A. which B. them
C. what D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them
C. what D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.
A. which B. them
C. what D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。
(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。
(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their B. whose
C. which D. that
选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。
9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.
A. as B. which
C. and it D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which
C. and it D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
10. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。
【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：
She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：
(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。
(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.
A. which B. when
C. how D. where
选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。
(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.
A. where B. when
C. that D. which
选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _______ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once
C. they once grew D. once grew
2. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm, _____ many people have gone home.
A. that B. which
C. whose time D. by which time
3. Is this the reason _______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
4. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without ______ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that
C. this D. which
5. When he was working there he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. what
6. It’s said that he’s looking for a new job, one ______ he can get more money to support his family.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
7. We are living in an age ______ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that
C. whose D. when
8. The little time we have together we’ll try _____ wisely.
A. spending it B. to spend it
C. to spend D. spending that
9. The old building, behind _______ was a famous church, was _______ we used to work.
A. that, the place B. it, the place
C. which, where D. what, where
10. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, _______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
11. The modern history of Italy dates from 1860, ______ the country became united.
A. when B. if
C. since D. until
12. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _____ in the forest.
A. once they grew B. they grew once
C. that once grew D. once grew
13. You could see the runners very well from ______ we stood.
A. which B. where
C. that D. when
14. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
15. What have you got _____ will help a cold?
A. what B. that
C. it D. who
16. He was very angry and I can still remember the way _____ he spoke to me.
A. how B. that
C. what D. which
17. Do you know the man from ________ house the pictures were stolen?
A. which B. that
C. what D. whose
18. I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which
C. as D. where
19. Is this all that you need? If you married me, I’d give you everything you _____.
A. want B. wanted
C. had wanted D. are wanting
20. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ________ taught me English three years ago.
A. which B. when
C. where D. who
21. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which
C. while D. why
22. He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think is
23. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which
C. this D. what
24. Their problem today is somewhat similar to _____ they faced many years ago.
A. that B. which
C. that which D. it
25. I saw some trees the leaves of _____ were black with disease.
A. that B. which
C. it D. what
26. The famous basketballer, _______ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
A. where B. when
C. which D. who
27. When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the girl brought out a cheaper one, _______ she had arranged with James.
A. the which was what B. what was that
C. which was what D. that was that
【答案与解析】
1. 选 C。先行词是 those，可视为 those flowers 之省略。they once grew 前省略了关系代词 which。全句意为：这儿所养的花是由他们曾在森林里种植的花培养出来的。
2. 选D。by which time 引出的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中 by which time 相当于 and by that time。
3. 选 A。注意不能选 D，因为动词 explained 缺宾语。
4. 选 D。which 指 the road map。
5. 选C。from whose efforts he still suffers 为修饰 a serious illness 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 efforts。
6. 选B。where 引导定语从句修饰 one。注：one 在此指 a new job。类似地，下面一题的答案是C，因为one that 相当于 a problem that：
The problem is _____ has caused us a lot of trouble.
A. one B. that
C. one that D. that one
7. 选 D。先行词是表时间的 age(时代)，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 when。
8. 选C。该句的正常词序为 We will try to spend the little time we have together wisely.
9. 选C。第一空填 which，指 the old building；第二空填 where，用以引导表语从句。
10. 选 C。先行词是地点名词 places，由于关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用 where。
11. 选A。when 引导的是非限制性定语从句。
12. 选C。that once grew in the forest 为修饰 those 的定语从句。
13. 选B。where 在此相当于 the place where。
14. 选 B。the price of which was very reasonable 为非限制性定语从句，其中的 the price of which 相当于 and its price 或 and the price of it。假若空格前有并列连词 and，则可选 C。
15. 选B。that will help a cold 为修饰 what 的定语从句。比较：Have you got anything that will help a cold? 以及 I’ve got nothing that will help a cold.
16. 选B。the way 后不接how 引导的从句，换句说，how 不是关系代词或关系副词，不能引导定语从句。以the way 为先行词的定语从句通常用 that 或 in which 来引导，在非正式文体中也可省略 that 和 in which。
17. 选D。from whose house the pictures were stolen 为修饰 the man 的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语，修饰 house。
18. 选 D。先行词是 many cases，关系副词 where =in which。
19. 选A。尽管句中用了 if you married me, I’d give you everything 这样的虚拟语气句子，但修饰everything 的定语从句 (that) you want 却要用陈述语语气，因为它是回答前面 Is this all that you need? 这一提问的。
20. 选 D。因定语从句缺主语，且关系代词指人，故选D。
21. 选A。where 所引导的为修饰 a dangerous situation 的定语从句。
22. 选 A。选项中的 I think 是插入语，若略去不看便可清楚地看出答案。
23. 选 B。of course 为插入语，若将项其去掉，则答案显然是B。
24. 选C。that which相当于 the problem which。
25. 选B。the leaves of which 相当于 whose leaves。
26. 选 D。先行词是 The famous basketballer(著名的篮球明星)，故要用 who 来引导定语从句，因为其余三项均不用于指人。
27. 选 C。which 引导一个非限制性定语从句，其中 which 指代 a cheaper one，且在定语从句中用作主语。which was what 中的 what引导一个表语从句，它相当于 the one that。
状语从句考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _______ your work is being done.”
A. before B. until
C. as D. the moment
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查 not…until…结构。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选 as 表原因。
2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A. As B. While
C. Because D. If
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。尽管 as 和 while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的 as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果 as 不是表示“当……的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)
请做以下两题，答案均选 while，不选as：
(1) _______ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open.
A. While B. As
C. Before D. How
(2) _______ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.
A. While B. As
C. After D. How
3. After the war, a new school building was put up ______ there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)……的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选 where)：
(1) The famous scientist grew up _______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever
C. where D. wherever
(2) She found her calculator _______ she lost it.
A. where B. while
C. in which D. that
(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where
C. then D. which
(4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.
A. at which B. at where
C. the place where D. where
(5) You should let your children play ______ you can see them.
A. where B. when
C. in which D. that
(6) Now he works in the factory ______ his father used to work.
A. where B. when
C. in which D. that
4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _______ stood the famous tower.
A. that B. at which
C. when D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是 the famous tower，谓语是 stood，正常词序为 where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。
4. They kept trying _____ they must have known it was hopeless.
A. if B. because
C. when D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：
He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。
He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。
The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。
有许多同学只知道 when 表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：
Why do you want a new job ______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
5. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until
C. when D. while
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的 when 可以连用副词 suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用 suddenly 来代替 when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：
(1) I was about to go out ______ the telephone rang.
A. when B. suddenly
C. as soon as D. directly
(2) We were swimming in the lake _______ the storm started.
A. when B. suddenly
C. until D. before
(3) She was walking down the road _______ she heard someone shouting for help.
A. when B. suddenly
C. until D. before
6. The fire went on for quite some time _______ it was brought under control.
A. when B. since
C. after D. before
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。before 意为“在……之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选 before：
(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _______ it got worse.
A. until B. when
C. before D. as
(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ________ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since
C. until D. before
(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _____ she is completely well.
A. that B. since
C. when D. before
(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments ______ they spoke.
A. after B. before
C. since D. when
7. Mother asked me to take more money _______ something unexpected should happen.
A. in case B. so that
C. in order that D. when
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”。如以下各题也都选 in case：
(1) ________ I forget, please remind me about it.
A. In case B. So that
C. In order that D. When
(2) Take your umbrella just ________ it rains.
A. in case B. so that
C. in order that D. when
(3) Be quiet _______ you should wake the baby.
A. in case B. so that
C. in order that D. when
(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
A. in case B. so that
C. in order that D. when
(5). I’ll keep his address _____ I need it.
A. so that B. in order that
C. in case D. when
8. _______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked B. Check
C. If you check D. To check
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，尤其可能误选A。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。前面一个分句为条件状语从句，后面一个分句为主语。现分析几个干扰项：选项 A 和 D 均为非谓语动词，根据英语语法习惯，非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，而此句的 some spelling mistakes 显然不能用作 having checked 或 to check 的逻辑主语，故不能选为答案；若选 B，则两个句子之间缺少必要的连词，也不对。请做类似试题(答案均选 C)：
(1) ________ more careful, the work might have been done better.
A. Being B. Having been
C. If you had been D. To have been
(2) _______ your diet, it is easy to reduce.
A. Watching B. To be watching
C. If you watch D. To have watched
(3) _______ a pair of compasses, it is easy to describe a circle.
A. Having B. To have had
C. If you have D. if having
(4) _______ for something, a receipt is given to you.
A. Paying B. Having paid
C. When you have paid D. To be paying
(5) _______ the sun rising slowly in the east, the scene is a perfect dream.
A. Seeing B. To be seeing
C. When you see D. Having seen
9. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _______ she has finished her homework.”
A. when B. since
C. unless D. as soon as
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。此句为省略句，答句句首的 No 表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 请做类似试题(答案均选B)：
(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, ______ you aren’t too noisy.”
A. when B. if
C. unless D. as soon as
(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _______ we promise him more money.”
A. when B. unless
C. unless D. as soon as
(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _______ we don’t sleep throughout the night.”
10. “When did he leave the classroom?” “He left _______ you turned back to write on the blackboard.”
A. the time B. the moment
C. until D. since
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。the moment 用作连词，意为“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。类似地，the minute, the instant 也可用作连词，表示“一……就……”的意思。如以下试题也选 B：
(1)“Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?” “Yes, I gave it to her ________ I saw her.”
A. while B. the moment
C. suddenly D. until
(2) The doorkeeper gave the alarm _______ he saw the smoke.
A. while B. the instant
C. suddenly D. before
(3) I raised the alarm _______ I saw the smoke.
A. while B. the minute
C. suddenly D. since
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed.
A. unless B. since
C. although D. when
2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless
C. after D. until
3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.
A. Even though B. Unless
C. As long as D. while
4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway.
A. even if B. as though
C. as long as D. unless
5. “Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.”
A. after B. unless
C. until D. when
6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees.
A. However B. Whatever
C. Whichever D. Whoever
7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them.
A. where B. in which
C. at D. for them
8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
A. Wherever B. However
C. Whichever D. Whoever
9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said.
A. while B. as soon as
C. suddenly D. then
10. ________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
A. Whatever B. What
C. Whichever D. Whenever
11. ____ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After
C. Although D. As soon as
12. I thought she was the very girl that I should marry _______ I met her.
A. first time B. for the first time
C. the first time D. by the first time
13. Don’t play by the river _______ you fall in and drown!
A. in case B. so that
C. in order that D. when
14. Why do you want a new job ____ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
15. He is better than _______ I last visited him.
A. when B. that
C. how D. which
16. _______ the punishment was unjust, he accepted it without complaint.
A. So long as B. Even though
C. Since D. While
17. ________ the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.
A. While B. As
C. Since D. Because
18. _______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.
A. As long as B. As far as
C. Just as D. Even if
19. _______ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A. Whatever B. Whenever
C. However D. Wherever
20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when
C. so that D. as if
21. Mr Zhang is mild in character. He never shouts ____ he is very angry.
A. if B. even
C. though D. even when
22. “How long do you suppose it is _______ he left for Japan?” “No more than half a month.”
A. when B. before
C. after D. since
23. In some countries, _______ are called “public schools” are not owned by the state.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
【答案与解析】
1. 选 D。when 意为“在(当)……时候”。其余三项填入空格处，句意不通。
2. 选 D。until 意为“直到”，句意为“一位优秀的故事讲述者必须能够让听众在故事结束前一直保持好奇心”。
3. 选 C。as long as 意为“只要”，全句意为“只要我知道这钱是安全的，我就不会担心了”。类似地，下面一题也选 as long as：
“What are you going to do this afternoon?’ “I’ll probably go for a walk later on ____ it stays fine.”
A. as far as B. as long as
C. even if D. as if
4. 选 D。unless 意为“如果不”、“除非”，用以引导一个条件状语从句。
5. 选 C。考查 not…until… 句式，其意为“直到……才……”。
6. 选B。whatever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter what。注意不能选A，因为 suggest 是及物动词，它应带自己的宾语，而 however 不能用作宾语。
7. 选A。where 指“在……的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。
8. 选A，wherever 意为“无论什么地方”。
9. 选 B。根据语境可推知。如下面一题也选as soon as：
_______ he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who gave him some help.
A. While B. As soon as
C. Suddenly D. Then
10. 选A。whatever her faults 为让步状语从句，句末省略了谓语动词 are。
11. 选 A。now that 为连词，用以引导原因状语从句，其意为“既然”，与since 同义。其中的 might as well意为“不妨”。全句意为“既然你得到一个机会，你不妨充分利用它”。
12. 选C。the first time 在此用作连词，用以引导状语从句。句意为“我第一次见到她就认为她很诚实”。
13. 选C。in case 意为“以防”。
14. 选 D。when 不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“既然”，相当于 since，用以引导原因状语从句。全句意为：你既然已经有了这么好的工作，干吗还要找新的工作呢? 请再两例：
I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想听，我就不告诉你了。
Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料，为什么还要用木料?
15. 选A。than 后省略了 he was，假若补充完整，全句即为 He is better than he was when I last visited him。
16. 选 B。比较四个选项：so long as(只要)，even though(即使)，since(自从，既然)，while(当……时候)，其中只有B的意思最合适，全句意为“即使处罚不公平，他毫无怨言地接受”。
17. 选A。while 在此不表示“当……的时候”，而表示“尽管”。
18. 选B。as far as 意为“尽，就，至于”，常用于 as far as I know(据我所知)，as far as one can see(在某人看来)，as far as one can(某人尽力)，as far as sth / sb is concerned(就某事 / 某人来说)等结构。
19. 选C。however 在此引导让步状语从句，意义上相当于 now matter how。
20. 选 C。so that 引导目的状语从句，其意为“为了”。
21. 选 D。根据句子语境，选 B 或 D 较适合，但 even 是副词，不是连词，不能引导状语从句，故选 D。
22. 选 D。问句的基本结构是“It is +时间段+since 从句”，其原句型是 I suppose it is no more than half a month since he left for Japan. 假若对此句中的 no more than half a month 提问，则可得到提问句。
23. 选 D。what 引导的是主语从句，其中的 what 相当于 the schools that。
交际口语考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Don’t you believe me?” “______, I’ll believe _______ you say.”
A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what
C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever
【陷阱】容易误选A。认为Yes 永远译为“是”，No 永远译为“不”。
【分析】最佳答案选D。在回答否定疑问句时，要特别注意 yes, no 的正确理解。回答yes 时，可视为 yes, I do 之类的省略形式；回答 no 时，可视为 no, I don’t 之类的省略形式。针对上题而言，“Don’t you believe me?”的意思是“你难道不相信我?”其答句 “Yes, I do” 的实际意思便是“不，我相信你”，这与 I’ll believe whatever you say 的意思完全吻合。注意，第二空不宜填 no matter what，因为它只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导宾语从句。请再看类似试题：
2. “Would you mind if I _______ one of these books?” “_______.”
A. took; Certainly not B. take; Yes, of course
C. can take; Yes, please do D. may take; No, I’m using it
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是would you mind 后接 if 从句时，从句谓语通常要用一般过去时（但 Do you mind if 后的谓语不用过去式）；二是对 would you mind… 的回答实际上是对 mind(介意)的回答，即肯定回答表示“介意”，否定回答表示“不介意”。请做以下类似试题：
(1) “Do you mind if I smoke here?” “_______. Go to the smoking room, please.”
A. Of course not B. Sure, why not
C. No, I don’t D. Yes, I do
答案选D。根据下文的 Go to the smoking room, please 可知说话者介意对方抽烟，故选D。
(2) “________, sir?” “No. Go ahead.”
A. May I use your dictionary
B. Do you mind if I use your bike
C. Would you mind opening the window
D. May I have a look at your new book
答案选B。注意答句中的 no 和 go ahead：no 表否定，否定 mind，即表示“不介意”，这与其后 go ahead 表示的同意刚好吻合。
3. “Haven’t seen you for ages! Do you still work in Guangzhou?” “_______. It’s two years since I worked there.”
A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I do
C. No, I haven’t D. No, I don’t
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为 D。要做对此题，首先要正确理解 It’s two years since I worked there 的意思。按英语习惯，since用作连词时，它所引导从句的谓语通常应是非延续性动词，若为延续性动词或状态动词，则它所表示的动作或状态的应是其完成或结束(而不是其开始)。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he lived in Beijing.
正译：自从他离开北京以来，我一直未收到他的信。
误译：自从他住在北京以来，我一直未收到他的信。
He has never come to see me since I was ill.
正译：自我病愈以来他还没来看过我。
误译：自我生病以来他还没来看过我。
由此可见，上面一题中It’s two years since I worked there 的实际意思是“我没在那儿工作已有两年了”。弄清此句的意思后，再结合上下文的语境，答案选D就不难理解了。
4. “I’ve never found a better job.” “_____.”
A. I don’t think so B. Too bad
C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，主要是将上文的意思理解错了，即将其理解为“我从来没找到一份好工作”。
【分析】最佳答案为 C。I’ve never found a better job 的实际意思是“这是我所找到的最好的一份工作”，可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job (我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作，即这是我所找到的最好的工作)省略。只要正确理解了这话的实际含义，答案选C也就不难理解了。请再看两题：
(1) “How do you like the food in this restaurant?” “Oh, _______. We couldn’t have found a better place.”
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案选 C。We couldn’t have found a better place 的实际意思是“这是我们所能找到的最好的地方”，可视为 We couldn’t have found a better place than this place 之省略。
(2) “How do you like the food in this restaurant?” “Oh, _______. We couldn’t have found a worse place.”
A. too bad B. sorry
C. wonderful D. impossible
答案选 A。此题与上面一题仅差一词，即将 better 改成了 worse。We couldn’t have found a worse place 可视为 We couldn’t have found a worse place than this place 之略，其意是说“我们不能找到一个比这个地方更好糟的地方了”，言外之意，“这是最糟的地方”。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “Could you do me a favour and take the box up to the six floor?” “_______.”
A. With pleasure B. My pleasure
C. No wonder D. No comment
2. “It’s $500, but that is my last offer.” “OK, it is a ________.”
A. cost B. price
C. reward D. deal
3. “I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.” “_______ let’s go and see him.”
A. What’s more B. If so
C. Where possible D. When necessary
4. “Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?” “It ______.”
A. all depend B. all depends
C. is all depended D. is all depending
5. “Do you want to go to the movie, Jane?” “______. I feel like doing something different.”
A. Don’t mention it B. I don’t want it
C. I don’t think so D. Not really
6. “Would you like me to show you the way?” “_______.”
A. That’s very kind of you. B. Yes, you could.
C. Good idea! D. With great pleasure!
7. “I prefer a computer made in your company, but I may need some more information about the product.” “_______.”
A. Thank you B. It’s a pleasure
C. You are welcome D. At your service
8. “Have a drink?” “No thanks, _____.”
A. I do mind B. I don’t like it
C. Never mind D. I’d rather not
9. “We’ve missed the train!” “_____, there’ll be another in ten minutes.”
A. All right B. Not at all
C. Never mind D. Don’t mention it
10. “Would you mind telling her the news?” “_____, but I don’t know if I _____ her these days.”
A. Of course, shall see B. Of course not, see
C. Of course, see D. Of course not, shall see
11. “May I borrow your paper?” “ ______.”
A. By all means B. Never mind
C. You are welcome D. Don’t mention it
12. He pushed his way through the crowd, saying “_____.”
A. Never mind B. With pleasure
C. Go ahead D. Excuse me
13. “Here’s what you asked for.” “______.”
A. Many thanks B. Thank a lot
C. Thanks you D. Thank you a lot
14. “Can you spare me a few minutes now?” “______, but I’ll be free this afternoon.”
A. No, I won’t B. Yes, with pleasure
C. I’m not sure D. I’m afraid not
15. “Would you like to turn that music down? I’m writing a letter.” “_____.”
A. No, I’d like to B. No, please
C. Yes, sorry. D. Yes, I’d like it.
16. “You must find such long hours very tiring.” “______. I enjoyed it.”
A. After all B. Never mind
C. Not in the least D. That’s all right
17. “Would you take this along to the office for me?” “_____.”
A. That’s right B. With pleasure
C. Never mind D. Not at all
18. “Do you need any help with those heavy bags?” “No, thanks; _____.”
A. Never mind B. All right
C. I can manage D. You are welcome
19. “Mr Smith is a kind person. I like to to work with him.” “In fact, everyone _______.”
A. is B. does
C. has D. likes
20. “At lunch time I’d like to have a chat with you.” “Pardon, Have _____ with me?”
A. when B. who
C. which D. what
21. “I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.” “______. It was her fault.”
A. No way B. Not possible
C. No chance D. Not at all
【答案与解析】
1. 选 A。with pleasure 的意思是“高兴地”、“乐意地”。注意不宜选B，my pleasure 主要用于回答感谢，意为“这是我乐意做的事”、“不用客气”，也可说成 It’s my pleasure 或 It’s a pleasure等。
2. 选D。It’s a deal 的意思是“就这么办”、“一言为定”。
3. 选B。if so 为 if it is so 之略，意为“如果那样的话”。
4. 选B。It all depends 的意思是“那要看情况”，也可说成 That depends。
5. 选D。not really 表示否定，但语气较轻，意为“不很……”。
6. 选A。That’s very kind of you 意为“你太好了”、“你真是太客气”，常用于感谢对方的友好提议。又如下面一题也选A：
“Can I get you a cup of coffee?” “______.”
A. That’s very nice of you B. With pleasure
C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea
7. 选D。at your service 的意思是“随时为您服务”、“随时为您效劳”。
8. 选D。I’d rather not 通常用于委婉地拒绝对方的邀请或提议。
9. 选C。never mind 表示安慰，意为“不要紧”、“没关系”。
10. 选D。第一空填 of course not，表示“不介意”；第二空要填 shall see，因为 if 引导的是宾语从句，而不是条件状语从句，所以不能用一般现在时表示将来。
11. 选A。by all means 表示同意，意为“完全可以”。
12. 选D。excuse me 用作从别人面前经过时的礼貌用语，又如：Excuse me, could I get past? 对不起，让我过去好吗？
13. 选A。若选B，则应改为Thanks a lot；若选C，则应改为 Thank you 或 Thanks；若选D，则应改为 Thank you very much 之类的。换句话说，thank 用作动词时，它是及物的，其后应有宾语；用作名词时，它通常要用复数形式。另外注意，英语中虽然可说 Thanks a lot，但习惯上不说 Thank you a lot。
14. 选D。甲要乙现在抽出几分钟，而乙说要等下午才有空——也就是说，乙现在抽不出时间，所以选D最适合。
15. 选C。从上下文语境来看，一方因音乐声放得太大已对另一方（正在写信）造成影响，所以选C较恰当。
16. 选C。Not in the least 意为“一点也不”。注意联系下文的 I enjoyed it。
17. 选B，with pleasure 主要用于回答请求或邀请。
18. 选C。由句意推知。
19. 选B。does 相当于 likes to work with him。注意不能选D，因为 like 是及物动词。
20. 选D。答话人由于没有听清问话人的 chat 一词，故针对问话人的 have a chat with you，反问 have what with me？
21. 选 A。no way 的意思是“没门”。根据上下文的语境(尤其是It was her fault)可推知。
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