2020版高考英语 Unit 3 Under the sea（词汇考查+词汇应用）（含解析）新人教版选修7 8页

Unit 3‎ 李仕才 ‎ 一、词汇复习 ‎（一）单句语法填空 ‎1． Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______. ‎ 答案：another　句意：循环利用是保护环境的一种方法，再次使用是另一种。another“另一，又一”。‎ ‎2． To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues. ‎ 答案：that　根据“先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任”可知，此处用于替代不可数名词trust，应用that；如果替代可数名词复数用those或the ones。‎ ‎3． At our factory there are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine. ‎ 答案：those　考查用于比较对象替代的代词。比较对象的替代通常可以用that替代不可数名词，those替代可数名词复数，故此处用those替代比较对象machines。‎ ‎4．(2015·安徽黄山一模改编)Cultural shock is a feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own. ‎ 答案：their　句意为：文化冲击是一种大多数旅游者在外国会经历的感受，他们会发现当地文化与自己的文化大不相同。根据句意可知此处指旅行者自己的文化。of one's own为固定搭配“某人自己的”，故填their。‎ ‎5．(2015·威海市二模)I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd. ‎ 答案：myself　句意为：在嘈杂的人群里，我不得不提高声音使自己被听见。make myself heard意为“使我自己被听到”。‎ ‎（二）英汉互译 1. ‎△snorkel vi.n.__________‎ 2. ‎△aquarium n. __________‎ 3. anecdote n. __________‎ 4. ‎△Clancy n. __________‎ 5. ‎△baleen n. __________‎ 6. ‎△baleen whale __________‎ 7. annual adj. n.__________‎ 8. ‎△migration n. __________ ‎ 9. witness vt. n. __________‎ 10. accommodation n.__________‎ 8‎ 1. shore n. __________‎ 2. offshore adj.__________‎ 3. opposite prep adj. __________‎ 4. yell vi. n. __________‎ 5. pause vi. & n. __________ ‎ 6. ‎△oar n. __________‎ 7. telescope n. __________‎ 8. teamwork n. __________‎ 9. ‎△blow-hole n. __________‎ 10. dive vi. & n. __________‎ 11. flee vi. (fled, fled) vt. __________‎ 12. ‎△harpoon n. __________ ‎ 13. drag vt. __________‎ 14. depth n. __________‎ 15. ‎△meantime adv. __________‎ 16. ‎△in the meantime __________‎ 17. lip n. ‎ 18. ‎△overboard adv.__________‎ 19. urge vt. __________ ‎ 20. abandon vt. __________‎ 21. shark n. __________‎ 22. Help (…) out __________‎ 23. relationship n. __________‎ 24. conservation n.__________‎ 25. ‎△iceberg n. __________‎ 26. jog vi. __________‎ 27. seaside n. & adj.__________‎ 28. net n. __________‎ 29. target n. __________‎ 30. tide n. __________‎ 31. ‎△driftnet n. __________‎ 32. dimension n. __________‎ 33. reflect vi. __________‎ 34. pure adj. __________‎ 35. cell n. __________‎ 36. aware adj. __________‎ 37. be/become aware of __________‎ 38. vivid adj. __________‎ 39. neat adj. __________‎ 40. seaweed n. __________‎ 41. narrow adj. __________‎ 42. flashlight n. __________‎ 43. upside down __________‎ 44. suck vt. & vi. __________‎ 8‎ 1. ‎△sea-slug n. __________ ‎ 2. ‎△turtle n. __________‎ 3. ‎△eel n. __________‎ 4. sharp adj. __________‎ 5. tasty adj. __________‎ 6. ‎△giant adj. n. __________‎ 7. ‎△clam n. __________ ‎ 8. grey adj. & n. __________‎ 9. scare vt. vi. __________ ‎ 10. ‎(be) scared to death__________ ‎ 11. shallow adj. __________ ‎ 12. steep adj. __________‎ 13. boundary n. __________‎ 14. Antarctic adj. __________‎ 15. ‎ the Antarctic __________ ‎ 16. awesome adj. __________‎ 17. ‎△leap vi. & n. (leapt, leaped;leapt, leaped) vt. __________‎ 18. seal n. __________ ‎ 19. ‎△refund vt. n.__________‎ 20. pension n. __________ ‎ 21. pensioner n. __________‎ 二、阅读理解 A Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.‎ In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S.‎ last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.‎ However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce 8‎ ‎ by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?‎ The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.‎ How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.‎ ‎1.The passage mainly talks about________.‎ A. the world's food problem B. the development in biotech C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages ‎2.According to the passage, GM foods________.‎ A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries ‎3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.‎ A.GM foods are available everywhere B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets 8‎ ‎4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?‎ A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious. ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。‎ B ‎(2018·河北石家庄高中毕业班一模)‎ Few people are aware that Waterloo Bridge, crossed by thousands of daily commuters(通勤者) and celebrated as a London landmark, was mainly built by a female workforce.‎ There are no written or photographic records of the women who built the bridge since the construction company that built it closed in the 1980s and with it went all the records. What’s left is anecdotal evidence, kept alive by the tourist boat captains who have called it the Ladies’ Bridge.‎ During the Second World War, with the majority of the active male labor force 8‎ ‎ away at the front, women increasingly took on traditionally male roles. By 1944, 25，000 women were working in the construction industry, carrying out backbreaking tasks. These women were permitted to carry out this exhausting and dangerous work on the basis that it would only be temporary and that their pay would be lower than that of men. So the trend in women working in construction and engineering did not continue after the war.‎ September sees a series of events celebrating the unknown work of the large female workforce. Musician Claudia Molitor has created a 45minute musical entitled “the Singing Bridge”， which runs at Somerset House from 9 to 25 September. In late September, the “Light up the Ladies’ Bridge” event sees the National Theatre’s fly tower lit up by large scale photographic projections(投影) of female construction workers working in construction during World War Ⅱ.‎ Let’s all celebrate the women who have helped to build the cities in which we live.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国滑铁卢桥的历史、建造人、纪念活动等。‎ ‎1．Why do few people know about the builders of Waterloo Bridge?‎ A．The records of their work have been lost.‎ B．Female workers received little attention.‎ C．The construction took place long ago.‎ D．Few people know about the bridge.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，自从20世纪80年代建造该桥的建筑公司倒闭以来，就没有妇女建造该桥的文字或照片记录了，所有的记录随着公司的倒闭都丢失了，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．Why did London women do the construction work?‎ A．It was a tradition in London.‎ B．They wanted to get a steady job.‎ C．The company offered them better pay.‎ D．Most men had gone to the battlefield.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知，由于二战期间大部分男子上前线参战，妇女便不得不充当起了男子的角色，故D项正确。‎ 8‎ ‎3．What’s the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The influence of the bridge on art.‎ B．A musician’s contribution to the bridge.‎ C．The events in honor of the bridge builders.‎ D．Women’s work during the Second World War.‎ C　解析：段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段第一句为该段主题句，该段主要介绍了在九月份举行的一系列纪念建桥者的活动，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Which can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Female Workers on the Rise ‎ B．A Hidden Treasure in ‎London C．A New London Landmark D．The Story Behind the Ladies’ Bridge D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国滑铁卢桥的历史、建造人、纪念活动等，重点介绍了该桥被称为“女士桥”的原因和其背后的故事，故D项最适合作本文标题。‎ 三、七选五 When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat.‎ ‎1．Sales of goods that keep you cool Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.__1__ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular.‎ ‎2．__2__‎ Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last year's outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast.‎ ‎3．Energy bills ‎__3__ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.__4__ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and we're going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz.‎ 8‎ ‎4．Violence Heat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“__5__ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said.‎ A．Air pollution B．Pest population C．Rising heat is the expected response in any summer.‎ D．Heat does not directly lead to more violence in general.‎ E．More and more people are worried about their expenses.‎ F．As more energy is used，air quality problems may occur.‎ G．So it's not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves.‎ ‎【解题导语】本文介绍了伴随高温天气会出现的一些事件。‎ ‎1．G　空前一句提到购物中心是夏天人们外出经常去的地方之一，空后一句提到与制冷有关的商品，如空调、风扇等都很受欢迎，结合本段小标题可知，G项“因此一些(制冷商品的)销售量在酷暑期猛增就不足为奇了”与此处匹配。‎ ‎2．B　根据空处所在位置可知，空处为本段小标题。根据空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是说害虫的数量在酷暑期也会快速增长，故B项与此处匹配。‎ ‎3．E　根据段落小标题Energy bills可知，本段和费用有关，空后又提到(电)风扇和空调的运行会使能源费用高于平均水平，故空处应讲人们对高温天气下使用这些电器的花费的担忧，所以E项符合语境。‎ ‎4．F　上文提到能源费用增加，下文提到由此会造成更多的空气污染。由此可推知，F项“随着更多的能源被消耗，空气质量问题可能会出现”与此处匹配。‎ ‎5．D　根据空后一句可知，高温影响一种特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空处与下文呈转折关系，再结合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D项“总的来说，高温不会直接导致更多的暴力”与此处匹配。‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎