2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Schoollife学案牛津译林版必修1 38页

Unit 1 School life 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．literature n． 文学 ‎2．extra adj. 额外的，外加的 ‎3．academic adj. 学业的，学术的 ‎4．former adj. 以前的 ‎5．splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的 ‎6．independent adj. 独立的 ‎7．somehow adv. 不知为什么；不知怎么地 ‎8．broadcast vt.& n. 广播，播放 ‎9．event n. (重要)事件；社交活动；比赛项目 ‎10．generation n. 一代，一代人 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．experience n．& vt. 经历，体验 ‎2．respect n．& vt. 尊敬，敬重 ‎3．average adj. 一般的，普通的；平均的 ‎4．struggle n. 难事；斗争；努力 vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎 ‎5．exchange n．& vt. 交换；交流 ‎6．kindness n. 善意 ‎7．inform vt. 通知，告知 ‎8．charge n. 负责，掌管 ‎　vt. 使承担责任；收费 ‎9．outing n. 短途旅行，远足 ‎10．composition n. 作品；成分 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 38‎ ‎1．devote vt.致力于；献身→devoted adj.忠实的，挚爱的→devotion n．献身，忠诚，热爱 ‎2．encouragement n．鼓励→encourage vt.鼓励，激励→encouraging adj.鼓励的；促进的→courage n．勇气，胆量 ‎3．enjoyable adj.有乐趣的；令人愉快的→enjoy vt.喜欢，享受 ‎4．challenging adj.具有挑战性的→challenge n．& v．挑战 ‎5．satisfaction n．满意→satisfy vt.使……满意→satisfied adj.满意的→satisfying/satisfactory adj.令人满意的 ‎6．fluent adj.流利的→fluently adv.流利地→fluency n．流利 ‎7．donate vt.捐赠→donation n．捐赠，捐款→donator n．捐赠者 ‎8．approve vt.& vi.批准，通过；赞成，同意→approval n．批准，赞成 ‎9．preparation n．准备，筹备→prepare v．把……准备好，筹备→prepared adj.有准备的 ‎10．graduation n．毕业→graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生 ‎1.“普通/一般/正常……”表达种种 ‎①average user 一般用户 ‎②ordinary family 普通家庭 ‎③common sense 常识 ‎2．词根“spect(＝look)”词集锦 ‎①respect n．& vt. 尊敬，敬重 ‎②aspect n. 外表；方面 ‎3.“en前缀＋adj./n.”构成的动词 ‎①courage→encourage鼓励 ‎②able→enable 使能够 ‎③large→enlarge 使扩大 ‎④sure→ensure 确保；担保 ‎⑤danger→endanger 危及 ‎4.牢记“同意”“反对”高频词 ‎①approve vt.& vi. 赞成 ‎②support n．& vt. 拥护 ‎③agree vi. 同意 ‎④disagree vi. 不同意 ‎⑤object vi. 反对 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．for_free 免费；无偿地 ‎2．make_sure 确保，保证 ‎3．make_use_of 利用，使用 ‎4．be_fond_of 喜欢，喜爱 38‎ ‎5．look_back_(on) 回忆，回顾 ‎6．on_average 平均，一般地 ‎7．in_charge_of 负责，掌管 ‎8．be_happy_with 对……满足 ‎9．take_good_care_of 好好照顾 ‎10．devote...to... 把……奉献给……‎ ‎11．used_to_do_sth. 过去常常做某事 ‎12．first_of_all 首先 ‎13．be_available_for 有用的，空闲的 ‎14．at_the_end_of 在……的结尾或结束 ‎15．become_interested_in 变得对……感兴趣 ‎16．struggle_against/with 与……作斗争 ‎17．more_than 不仅仅是；超过；非常 ‎18．come_up_with 提出 ‎1.“喜欢”种种表达 ‎①be fond of　 喜欢 ‎②care for 喜欢 ‎③fall in love with 爱上 ‎④be crazy about 对……着迷 ‎⑤be keen on 喜爱 ‎2.“通常，一般而言”说法种种 ‎①as a rule 通常，一般说来 ‎②in general 通常，一般而言 ‎③generally (speaking) 一般地(说)‎ ‎④on (the) average 一般地 ‎3.“devote...to(介词)”朋友圈 ‎①adapt...to...　使适应；使配合 ‎②adjust...to... 调节……以适应 ‎③addict...to... 使……对……上瘾 ‎④apply...to... 把……应用于……‎ ‎⑤prefer...to... 喜欢……胜过……‎ ‎⑥attach...to... 把……附在……上 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：“It is＋n.＋to do sth.”结构中it替代动词不定式作形式主语 We also had different students in some classes, so it_was_a_struggle_for_me_to_remember all the faces and names.　我们在一些课上有不同的学生，所以对我来说，记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。‎ 38‎ 句型2：upon/on＋n./doing 一……就……‎ Upon_finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.‎ 一完成学业，他就开始了中国之旅。‎ 句型3：the more...，the better...为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……，越……”‎ The_more choices you have, the_better your decisions will be.‎ 你的选择越多，你做的决定就越好。‎ 句型4：so...that...如此……以至于……‎ I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.‎ 起初我有些紧张，但所有成员都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle(斗争) against debt and misfortune.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Only when you come to China can you experience(体验) Chinese food culture.‎ ‎3．Einstein was one of the greatest scientists respected(尊敬) by the people all over the world.‎ ‎4．She is so independent(独立的) that she refused all others’ help.‎ ‎5．It is very important to teach the children how to deal with others’ kindness(善良) and rudeness.‎ ‎6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.‎ ‎7．I shook hands and exchanged(exchange) a few words with the manager after the meeting.‎ ‎8．One of the biggest challenges(challenge) the government is now faced with is how to improve the air quality.‎ 38‎ ‎9．If we hadn’t made adequate preparations(prepare), the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.‎ ‎10．The chairman has also given his approval(approve) for an investigation into the case.‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．I can speak English fluently,_so my deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.(fluency)‎ ‎2．The result of the experiment was very satisfying. Not only did we feel satisfied with it, but our teacher looked at us with satisfaction．(satisfy)‎ ‎3．Thanks to your encouragement,_I made continuous and encouraging progress in math, and finally I decided to study it in the university.(encourage)‎ ‎4．Few people are able to devote themselves fully to their careers. Once they are devoted to them, their devotion must bring them a big success.(devote)‎ ‎5．To tell the truth, the teacher didn’t make good preparations for his lessons. I had no choice but to be prepared to study by myself.(prepare)‎ ‎6．Bill Gates has donated a large sum of money to society. And he is highly respected for his donations．(donate)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 look back on; be fond of; make full use of; in charge of; on average; devote oneself to; for free Last year three of us went to a remote village to teach the children 1.for_free who were ten years old 2.on_average. Each of us was 3.in_charge_of 30 students. Difficult as the conditions were, we 4.made_full_use_of the resources and 5.devoted_ourselves_to teaching them. To our delight, they 6.were_fond_of learning English. How time flies! It has been half a year since we were there. Whenever we 7.look_back_on the time we spent together, we feel happy with what we did and miss the lovely children.‎ more than; used to; make sure; take good care of According to a survey conducted by China Daily, in China, 8.more_than 80% of the old people are 9.taken_good_care_of,_which delights us all. These years, the 38‎ ‎ government has taken all measures to 10.make_sure the elderly can be looked after properly. In the past, people 11.used_to think they would have many difficulties when they became old, but this problem is gone forever thanks to the leadership of the Communist Party.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)每首唐诗都与一个故事相关，因此对你来说理解它们比较容易。‎ Each Tang Poem is attached to a story, so it’s_easier_for_you_to_understand_them．‎ ‎2．我们一到达机场，就受到当地人的热烈欢迎。‎ Upon/On_arriving at the airport, we were given a warm welcome by the local people.‎ ‎3．你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。‎ The_more_careful_you_are,_the fewer mistakes you will make.‎ ‎4．那时我很忙，以至于三天没睡觉。‎ I was_so_busy_at_that_time_that I didn’t go to sleep for three days.‎ ‎ experience　vt.经历，体验　n．[U]经验；[C]经历 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Our hosts shared many of their experiences(experience) and recommended wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. ‎ b．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) These dogs were well trained by their masters who had a great experience with caring for these animals.删除a ‎②Welcome you to come here to_experience(experience) our traditional Chinese culture.‎ ‎③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced(experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)I am_very_experienced_in/have_much_experience_in(非常有经验) ‎ 38‎ doing this kind of job and I will gain_a_lot_of_experience(获得很多经验) from it.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)I_am_very_experienced_in/have_much_experience_in_doing_this_kind_of_job,_from_which_I_will_gain_a_lot_of_experience.(非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎ ‎(1)have experience in (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 在(做)某事方面有经验 from/by experience 凭经验 in/from one’s experience ‎ 根据某人的经验看 ‎(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 be experienced in 在……方面有经验　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Considering his ability, and experience, he might have done better.‎ 考虑到他的能力和经验，他应该能做得更好。(江西卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] experience作名词“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。作动词讲时意为“体验，经历”，是及物动词。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ work/working experience 工作经验 experience hardship 经历困难 an experienced teacher 一位有经验的老师 ‎ respect　n．尊重；敬意，问候(pl.)；方面　vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In China, we attach great importance to showing respect for the elderly.‎ ‎②She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that.‎ ‎③a.China is developing very rapidly in all respects(respect) and we’re all proud of our motherland.‎ b．Please send them my respects(respect) when you write to your family.‎ 38‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)Because the old professor was respected by everyone, he decided to make great contributions to the country.‎ ‎(高级表达) With_everyone_respecting_him,_the old professor decided to make great contributions to the country.(with复合结构)‎ ‎(1)respect sb. for... 因……尊敬某人 ‎(2)show/have respect for 对……表示尊重/尊敬 give/send one’s respects to ‎ 代某人向……问候 ‎ out of respect for 出于对……的尊敬；‎ ‎ 顾及 ‎[佳句背诵] Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out of respect for farmers’ labor.　中国的孩子在很小的时候就受到不能浪费每一粒粮食的教育，这是出于对农民劳动的尊重。‎ ‎[词块助记] ‎ respect the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊重 ‎ devote　v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·浙江卷6月)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.‎ ‎②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.‎ b．We expressed our gratitude to the people devoted(devote) to protecting the ecology in the area.‎ c．(2017·天津卷)He is a devoted(devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.‎ ‎③A teacher’s devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole 38‎ ‎ public because it brings benefits to the development of society.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)Jane devotes_herself_to_teaching(致力于教育) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎⑥(高级表达)Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎(1)devote...to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 把……献给；把……致力于 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于 ‎(2)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 be devoted to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 献身于(做)某事；专心致志 ‎ 于(做)某事 ‎(3)devotion n. 深爱；奉献 ‎[佳句背诵] I could only devote two hours a day to the work.　我一天只能在这个工作上花两个小时。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“专注于， 致力于”的表达还有： be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on等。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ devote one’s energies to a job　致力于一项工作 devote all one’s life to medical work for Chinese women and children　为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业贡献毕生精力 ‎ average　n．平均；平均数　adj. 普通的，通常的；平均的　vt.平均为 ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎①(浙江卷)去年平均降雨量仅为18.75厘米，使其成为自1850年加利福尼亚在成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。‎ 38‎ An_average_of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.‎ ‎②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)所有学生每周有两节体育课，每天平均跑20分钟。‎ All students have two PE classes a week and run for 20 minutes on_average every day.‎ on average　 平均 an average of... 平均有……‎ with an average of 平均为 above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下　‎ ‎[词块助记] ‎ the world’s average temperature　世界平均温度 children of average intelligence 智力一般的儿童 an average cost/price 平均成本/价格 an average student 一个普通的学生 ‎ struggle　n．& v．奋斗；挣扎；斗争 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom.‎ ‎②a.(2019·江苏卷)He struggled to_explain(explain) what he heard in his head.‎ b．(浙江卷)The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle to_be_heard(hear)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(湖南卷)‎ ‎(高级表达)Having_struggled_for_months_to_find a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (现在分词短语作状语)‎ ‎ 38‎ ‎(1)struggle for... 为……而斗争 struggle against... 与……作斗争 struggle with... 和……一起奋斗；‎ ‎ 与……作斗争 ‎(2)struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ‎(3)struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] The Chinese people are in their struggle for right and freedom all the time.‎ 中国人民一直为争取权利和自由而斗争。‎ ‎[名师点津] struggle with有两个意思：一是“与……作斗争”，双方是敌我关系；二是“和……一起奋斗”，双方是朋友关系。‎ ‎ exchange　vi.& n．交换；交流；兑换 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·天津卷)I’ve never exchanged words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help.‎ b．I am going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.‎ ‎②(牛津词典)He’s giving her French lessons in exchange for her teaching him English.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(重庆卷)他们彼此交流思想和情感， 通过这些他们能获得更多的知识。‎ They exchange_ideas_and_feelings_with_each_other,_through which they probably acquire more knowledge.‎ ‎ ‎(1)exchange sth. for sth. 以某物换取某物 exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物 ‎(2)in exchange for... 作为……的交换 ‎(3)an exchange student 交换生 ‎[佳句背诵] It bothers the exchange student that he hasn’t found the approach ‎ 38‎ to learning Chinese. ‎ 使这位交换生苦恼的是他还没有找到学习中文的方法。‎ ‎[词块助记] foreign exchange 外汇 an exchange rate 汇率 New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所 ‎ inform　vt.告知；通知 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.‎ ‎②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme’s progress.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)I’m more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎(高级表达)I’m more than delighted to inform_you_of the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.‎ ‎ ‎(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事 inform sb. that/when/how...‎ ‎ 通知某人……‎ keep sb. informed (of...) ‎ ‎ 使某人随时了解(……)‎ ‎(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情报；信息 ‎[佳句背诵] I’m Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League. ‎ 我是李华，我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎ approve　v．赞成；同意；核准，批准 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve of their children 38‎ ‎ taking part in the weekend classes.‎ ‎②He said the plan announced on Sunday, if approved(approve), would avoid such a problem.‎ ‎③(2018·江苏卷)It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public approval(approve) they get online, often through “likes”．‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(2017·北京卷)老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们的在校经历。‎ ‎④The teacher gave_his_approval_to_us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approval)‎ ‎⑤The teacher approved_of_us making a video to record our experiences at school.(approve)‎ ‎ ‎(1)approve of (doing) sth. 赞成/同意某事 approve sth. 批准某事 ‎(2)approval n. 赞成，同意；‎ ‎ 批准，认可 ‎(3)disapprove v. 不赞成；不同意　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I approve of your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.‎ 我赞成你设法赚些钱，但不要荒废学业。‎ ‎[名师点津] “赞成/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb. to do sth., 因为approve用作“同意；赞成”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb./one’s doing sth.，其中介词of后是动词ing的复合结构。‎ ‎ charge　n．费用；价钱；控告；掌管；职责　v．控诉；收费；装载；使……承担责任 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to_charge(charge)．‎ b．(2017·江苏卷)Far from charging(charge) consumers high prices, many of these 38‎ ‎ services are free.‎ ‎②a.(安徽卷)—I wonder how much you charge for your services.‎ ‎—The first two are free while the third costs $30.‎ b．The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 下周厂长不在时， 汤姆将负责整个工厂。‎ ‎③Tom will take_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away. ‎ ‎④Tom will be_in_charge_of the whole factory next week when the director is away. ‎ ‎⑤The whole factory will be_in_the_charge_of Tom next week when the director is away. ‎ ‎ ‎(1)charge sb.with sth.(＝accuse sb. of sth.)‎ ‎ 因某事控告某人 charge sb.(money) for sth. 向某人索取某物的费用 ‎(2)free of charge＝for free 免费 in charge (of) 主管；负责；照顾 in the charge of(＝in one’s charge)‎ ‎ 由……负责，‎ ‎ 由……管理 take charge of 掌管；负责；看管　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Your order will be delivered free of charge within a tenmile limit.　‎ 在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ the person in charge 负责人 service charge 服务费 an admission charge of $ 5 五美元的入场费 38‎ ‎ look back (on)　回忆，回顾 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(湖北卷)Would you please look_through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?‎ ‎②Nobody will look up to you if you look down on/upon yourself.‎ ‎③The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn’t know.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)When I looked_back_upon_the_past(回顾过去), I’m proud of what I have achieved.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)Looking_back_upon_the_past,_I’m proud of what I have achieved.(现在分词作状语)‎ look into 向……里面看去；调查 look through 看穿，浏览 look up 查找 look up to 仰慕；尊敬 look down on/upon 看不起，轻视　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I like to look back on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.　我喜欢回忆我的中学时光，那是我一生中最快乐的日子。‎ ‎[名师点津] 表示“回顾，回忆”的短语还有：bring sth. back, call sth.to mind, call sth.up。‎ ‎ make use of　利用；使用 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Now most of the students are trying to make the best use of every minute to_prepare(prepare) for the coming exam.‎ ‎②It’s no use trying(try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons, as ‎ 38‎ the final examination is drawing near.‎ ‎(高级表达)With_the_final_examination_approaching,_we must make_the_best_of/make_the_most_of/take_full_advantage_of every minute to go over our lessons.(with复合结构)‎ ‎ ‎(1)make full/good use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用 take (full) advantage of (充分)利用 ‎(2)be of great use 很有用 It’s no use doing sth. 做某事是没有用的。‎ ‎[佳句背诵] We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after school every day.　‎ 每天放学后，我们学生和老师都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎ “It is ＋n.＋ to do sth.” 结构中it替代动词不定式作形式主语 ‎(教材P2)．..it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.　……对我来说，记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。 ‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2018·浙江卷11月)It’s a really good idea to_visit(visit) colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.‎ b．(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ ‎②a.It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in the exam.‎ b．It is necessary for us to practice speaking English every day.‎ ‎③It’s no use arguing(argue) with her—she won’t listen.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(安徽卷)事实是每个人都会有一段时期，在这段时期里很多事都不顺利，因此你不必太担心。‎ ‎④It_is_true_that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to ‎ 38‎ be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎⑤The_truth_is_that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much.(表语从句)‎ ‎ ‎(1)本句属于“It is＋形容词/名词＋不定式”结构。其中it是形式主语， 不定式短语是真正的主语。‎ ‎(2)it作形式主语的常见句型：‎ ‎①It is＋adj.＋ (for/of sb.) to do sth.‎ ‎②It is＋adj./n.＋that从句 ‎③It is no good/use doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用的 ‎[佳句背诵] It is necessary to learn traditional Chinese culture. The more you learn, the more interested you will become in it. 　学习中国传统文化是有必要的。你学得越多， 你就会对它越感兴趣。‎ ‎[名师点津] 在“It is/was＋adj.(for/of sb.) ＋to do sth.”结构中，for前面的形容词通常是difficult，necessary, important, quick, easy等，这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而of前面的形容词常常是wise, kind, stupid, silly, bright, nice, good等，这些形容词常常与人的性格特点有关。‎ ‎ upon/on＋n./doing 一……就……‎ ‎(教材P9)Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.‎ 一完成学业，他就开始了中国之旅。 ‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 他一到车站，就发现火车已经开走了。‎ ‎①On/Upon_arriving_at_the_station,_he found that the train had left.‎ ‎②On/Upon_arrival_at_the_station,_he found that the train had left.‎ ‎③He found that the train had left as_soon_as/the_moment_he_arrived_at_the_station．‎ ‎④Hardly had he arrived at the station when he found that the train had left.‎ 38‎ upon/on＋n./doing表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。“一……就……”的其他表达：‎ ‎(1)as soon as＋从句 ‎(2)no sooner...than.../hardly (scarcely)．..when...‎ ‎(3)the moment/instant/minute...＋从句 ‎(4)immediately/instantly/directly＋从句　 ‎ ‎ so...that...如此……以至于……‎ ‎(教材P18)I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying.‎ 起初我有些紧张，但所有成员都那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。 ‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.‎ ‎②a.The Great Wall is so wellknown a tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. ‎ b．The Great Wall is such a wellknown tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. ‎ ‎③a.(2018·天津卷)You have so much experience in such competitions that your participation will help us win an award.‎ b．There is so little rain this summer here that we have to water the vegetable garden.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)The newlybuilt stadium is so big that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎(高级表达)So_big_is_the_newlybuilt_stadium_that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(倒装)‎ so/such...that引导结果状语从句， 意为“如此……以至于……”。 ‎ ‎(1)so...that...句型的常见形式： ‎ 38‎ 　 ‎ ‎(2)such...that...句型的基本结构： ‎ ‎(3)当so.../such...放在句首时， 主句要用部分倒装 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.　她在拐弯处开得如此之快，以至于汽车差点偏离车道。(重庆卷)‎ ‎[名师点津] (1)在so/such...that...句型中，当so或such以及它们所修饰的部分位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎(2)little既有“少”的意思，又有“小”的意思。当“少”讲时后接不可数名词，用so修饰；当“小”讲时后接可数名词，用such修饰。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．If we had_exchanged(exchange) telephone number last week, I would have no trouble getting in touch with you now.‎ ‎2．On arriving(arrive) in the city, he set about finding a suitable place for his restaurant.‎ ‎3．However, as I stepped into Senior Three, I had to devote most of my spare time to studying(study)．‎ ‎4．Their goal was to ensure the health of the living while respecting(respect) the dead.‎ ‎5．(江苏卷)It is everyone’s responsibility to_obey(obey) the rules to keep the society in order and people’s lives safe.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．I haven’t seen Ann for so long a time that I have forgotten what she looks like.‎ 38‎ ‎2．Devoting himself to the research，the professor in charge of the institute seldom spends his spare time with his family.‎ ‎3．You’d better cut your hair short.Our school doesn’t approve of students wearing long hair.‎ ‎4．We should believe in ourselves and make great efforts to struggle for success as well as wealth.‎ ‎5．All passengers could get food for free as soon as they got onto the ship.‎ 维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ ‎1．(江苏卷)With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people’s life in all respects.方面 ‎2．My father is a tall, handsome, and successful man who devotes all his time to his work and our family.把……献给 ‎3．Having struggled for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.拼搏 ‎4．(2018·天津卷)I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago.I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. 经历 ‎5．The average temperature ranges between 23℃ and 39℃and 51% of the island is covered with forests.平均的 维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．Her whole life was devoted to care for the sick and needy.care→caring ‎2．Look back on his childhood, he is full of mixed feelings.Look→Looking ‎3．It was very foolish for the boy to swim in the river alone.for→of ‎4．Tim was very upset because he was charged by the police for breaking the law.for→with ‎5．The best things which we spare no effort to run after don’t always make the things which suit us best.第一个which→that ‎6．She is a teacher with more than 20 years’ experiences in teaching.experiences→experience ‎7．There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, an average 18 students in each class.在average后加of 38‎ ‎8．In the end of the meeting，it was announced that an agreement had been reached.In→At ‎9．The students didn’t pay attention to the use they made use of the computer lab，which made the teacher so angry.删除第二个use ‎10．The book was such difficult that the little boy couldn’t understand it.such→so 维度五　完成句子 ‎1．虽然他被培训了三个月，但还是没有通过最终的测试。‎ Though_he_had_been_trained for three months, he still didn’t pass the final test.‎ ‎2．从妈妈的爱心、耐心和理解中，我知道了养育孩子是一份多么重大的责任。‎ From mother’s love, patience and understanding, I have learned what a huge responsibility it_is_to_raise_a_child．‎ ‎3．学习英语不像我们想象的那么有挑战性。‎ Learning_English is not as/so_challenging_as we imagined.‎ ‎4．锻炼和其他的减肥方法一样有用。‎ Exercise is as_useful_a_way as any other to lose weight.‎ ‎5．我们一到，就把所有的礼物分发给孩子们，然后耐心地教他们唱歌。‎ Upon/On_arriving,_we handed out all the gifts to the children, and then we patiently taught them to sing songs.‎ ‎6．他刚到车站，公共汽车就走了。‎ ‎(1)No_sooner had he got to the station than the bus left.‎ ‎(2)Hardly had he got to the station when the bus left.‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Mr. Smith is in charge of a big company, who 1.has_been_devoted(devote) to his business. He has not only achieved great 2.achievements(achieve) but also won the respect of his colleagues and schoolmates so far. He donates an average of 50‎ 38‎ ‎，000 dollars to our school to make some poor students study 3.for free every year.‎ At first, it was really a struggle for him 4.to_run(run) a company on his own after graduating from university because he had little experience and didn’t have enough funds. Here is 5.an unforgettable story about him. Upon 6.graduating(graduate) from university, he was not sure whether he would go to work in a big city or not. At last, he decided to set up his business. He made full use of his time to develop his own business. As a result, the 7.harder(hard) he worked, the more confident he became. 8.Whenever he looks back on those days, he always feels very happy.‎ To our joy, he came to our school today and approved a cultural exchange program. 9.Luckily(lucky) I was chosen as an exchange student. I was so 10.excited(excite) that I jumped with satisfaction.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①在学校我们不但可以上课，而且度过了我们的青少年时代。‎ At school we not_only_attend_class_but_also_spend_our_whole_youth．‎ ‎②上学读书是我们每个人重要的也是必不可少的一个经历。‎ Going_to_school is an_important_and_necessary_experience for every one of us.‎ ‎③学校是什么样子不重要，重要的是我们是否会全身心投入学习。‎ It_is_not_important what the school is like.What matters is whether we are going to devote_ourselves_to_study．‎ ‎④培养对学科的兴趣和学习功课同等重要。‎ Developing an interest in the subjects is as_important_as_learning_lessons．‎ ‎⑤如果我们在学校尽了最大努力，当我们成年后回顾这段时期时就会感到非常满意。‎ If we have done our best, we will look_back_on this period with_satisfaction when we grow up.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑥用定语从句升级句①‎ School_is_a_place_where_we_not_only_attend_class_but_also_spend_our_whole_youth.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, besides)‎ 38‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ School is a place where we not only attend class but also spend our whole youth.So going to school is an important and necessary experience for every one of us.‎ It is not important what the school is like.What matters is whether we are going to devote ourselves to study.Besides，developing an interest in the subjects is as important as learning lessons.If we have done our best, we will look back on this period with satisfaction when we grow up.‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·江淮十校联考)‎ CrazyCreative Traditions in Schools Here are a few schools’ crazycreative traditions that will probably have you wish to go there so you could celebrate in all the graduation fun. Learn about them all in the below.‎ Attire(服装) and Flowers at College of Charleston You fashionista will love this one. During the December ceremony, women wear black dresses and men wear black tuxedos(无尾礼服). During the May ceremony, women wear white dresses and men wear summer tuxedos. It’s also been a tradition since the 1930s to carry flowers onto the stage：women carry bouquets of six red roses in a red bow and men wear a single red rose boutonniere(胸花). So classy!‎ Hoop Rolling at Wellesley College 38‎ This allwomen’s college tradition was originally held on May Day, but it’s now held in April. The purpose was to allow students to essentially leave all their worries behind and just participate in some fun games outdoors. Back in the day, it was said that the winner of the hoop rolling race was the first to be married, and in the 1980s she would be the first to be a CEO. Nowadays, the winner would be the first to achieve her own happiness...that is, after being thrown into Lake Waban by all her classmates.‎ Fabric and Green Grad Recycling Program at the University of New Hampshire You’ll absolutely love this tradition. UNH’s vendor provides wrinkleresistant caps and gowns made of recycled plastic bottles. Graduates then have the opportunity to donate their gowns to be cleaned and reused. Graduates are still able to keep their caps and tassels as keepsakes, all while helping to save the environment.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了三所国外学校的一些有趣的、新奇的、富有创意的传统。‎ ‎1．If you want to participate in the December ceremony, you can choose ________．‎ A．College of Charleston B．Wellesley College C．University of New Hampshire D．Oxford University A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“During the December ceremony” 可知，在College of Charleston可以参加十二月的典礼。故选A项。‎ ‎2．Hoop Rolling at Wellesley College is aimed at enabling the students to ________．‎ A．be a CEO B．have fun C．achieve happiness D．be married B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The purpose was to allow students to essentially leave all their worries behind and just participate in some fun games outdoors.”可知，Hoop Rolling at Wellesley College旨在让学生得到乐趣。‎ ‎3．What are UNH’s caps and gowns made of?‎ A．Flowers. B．Silk and cotton.‎ 38‎ C．Leather. D．Recycled plastic bottles.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“UNH’s vendor provides wrinkleresistant caps and gowns made of recycled plastic bottles.”可知，答案选D项。‎ B ‎(2020·皖南八校联考)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.‎ Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said, “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”‎ Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.‎ The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms.Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.‎ In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.‎ Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something that I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，‎ 38‎ 主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。‎ ‎4．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?‎ A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.‎ B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.‎ C．She was laughed at by her classmates.‎ D．She couldn’t get on well with others.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。‎ ‎5．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?‎ A．Praise from her students.‎ B．Devotion to her students.‎ C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.‎ D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。‎ ‎6．What can we know about Grimm?‎ A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.‎ B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.‎ C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.‎ D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。‎ ‎7．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．How Grimm helped her student out.‎ B．What problem Prisilla had at school.‎ C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.‎ 38‎ D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项最能概括文章大意。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·合肥第一次质检)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenberg’s __1__ changed. One day his vision “__2__ up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes. __3__， the surgery didn’t work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so __4__ that he refused to see anyone.‎ As Greenberg’s best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and __5__ to be his “reader”. Arthur read __6__ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg __7__ scoring straight A’s. Still, he was __8__ about getting alone and relied on his friend.‎ Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldn’t __9__ him because of an appointment. Greenberg __10__. They argued, and Arthur walked off, __11__ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal. Greenberg, who was completely __12__， stumbled(蹒跚而行) through the rushhour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he __13__ at the Columbia University stop.‎ At the gate of the university, someone __14__ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir.” Greenberg __15__ the voice. It was Arthur’s. Greenberg’s first reaction was __16__， but in the next second, he realized what he had just __17__ and realized, too, who had made it possible. __18__， Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most __19__ strategies.‎ Blindness doesn’t make Greenberg fail to appreciate the __20__ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.‎ ‎【解题导语】　Greenberg是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友Arthur的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美好。‎ 38‎ ‎1．A.faith B．attitude C．fortune D．reputation C　解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处表示Greenberg的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎2．A.lit B．steamed C．cleared D．cheered B　解析：根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎3．A.Otherwise B．Moreover C．Therefore D．However D　解析：根据空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenberg’s eyes.”和空后的“the surgery didn’t work”可知，前后句是转折关系。However “但是，然而”符合语境。故正确答案为D。otherwise“否则”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore “因此，所以”。‎ ‎4．A.shy B．desperate C．selfish D．nervous B　解析：根据空前一句“Greenberg was going blind.”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎5．A.offered B．pretended C．happened D．learned A　解析：根据下文中的“Arthur read ______ to him every day, taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur说服Greenberg回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offered)成为他的“阅读器”。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎6．A.letters B．newspapers C．textbooks D．magazines C　解析：根据下文中的“Greenberg ______ scoring straight A’s”并结合语境可推知，Arthur应该是给Greenberg读课本(textbooks)。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎7．A.ended up B．carried on C．imagined D．considered 38‎ A　解析：根据语境可知，在Arthur的帮助下，Greenberg最终取得了全优的成绩。end up “最后处于” 符合语境。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎8．A.curious B．confident C．excited D．tentative D　解析：根据本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。tentative “犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为D。‎ ‎9．A.abandon B．rescue C．comfort D．accompany D　解析：根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany)他。故正确答案为D。abandon “抛弃，丢弃”；rescue “营救”；comfort “安慰”。‎ ‎10．A.compromised B．panicked C．explained D．apologized B　解析：根据语境可知，Greenberg还没有做好独处的准备，当Arthur无法陪同他时，他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为B。compromise “妥协”；explain “解释”；apologize “道歉”。‎ ‎11．A.leaving B．finding C．consulting D．serving A　解析：根据空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg独自留在(leaving)纽约中央车站。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎12．A.tired B．amused C．confused D．satisfied C　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，对Arthur将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused “困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎13．A.got off B．pulled over C．looked around D．ran away A　解析：根据空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎14．A.turned to B．shouted at C．knocked into D．quarreled with 38‎ C　解析：根据下文中的“Oops, excuse me, sir.”可推知，有人撞到了(knocked into)Greenberg。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎15．A.raised B．lost C．controlled D．recognized D　解析：根据下文“It was Arthur’s.”可知，Greenberg认出了(recognized)Arthur的声音。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎16．A.anger B．pleasure C．relief D．sorrow A　解析：根据语境可知，Arthur之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎17．A.missed B．questioned C．ignored D．achieved D　解析：根据空后的“and realized, too, who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg意识到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠Arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎18．A.Gradually B．Finally C．Obviously D．Strangely C　解析：根据空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most ______ strategies”可推知，很明显(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为C。‎ ‎19．A.brilliant B．familiar C．defensive D．complex A　解析：参见上题解析。familiar “熟悉的”； defensive “防御的”；complex “复杂的”。‎ ‎20．A.magic B．beauty C．wisdom D．truth B　解析：根据全文以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为B。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇语法填空 38‎ 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·安徽联盟阶段考试)‎ It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in the education system. In an attempt to help the children of poor families, a nationwide program called “Head Start” was started in the US in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into preschool institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help them succeed in school. But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late. Many children who entered it at three were already behind their peers in language and intelligence and the parents were not involved in the process. At the end of each day, “Head Start” children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.‎ To improve the results, another program was started in Missouri that concentrated on parents as the child’s first teachers. This program was based on research showing that working with the family is the most effective way of helping children get the best possible start in life. The fouryear study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and represented different socioeconomic statuses, ages and family structures. The program involved trained educators visiting and working with the parent or parents and the child. The program also gave the parents some guidance, and useful skills on child development.‎ At three, the children involved in the “Missouri” program were evaluated with the children selected from the same socioeconomic backgrounds and family situations. The results were obvious. The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers. They performed equally well regardless of socioeconomic backgrounds or family structures. The one factor that was found to affect the child’s development was the poor quality 38‎ ‎ of parentchild interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.‎ The “Missouri” program compares quite distinctly with the “Head Start” program. Without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational unfairness.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要通过对比两项侧重点不同的教育项目表明，要实现教育公平就应该关注对父母的教育，使其与孩子之间进行高品质互动，并且意识到孩子出生后前三年的重要性。‎ ‎1．What caused the failure of the “Head Start” program?‎ A．The large number of poor families.‎ B．The disapproval from children.‎ C．The late start of the program.‎ D．The long period of time.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“But the results have been disappointing, because the program began too late.”可知，Head Start项目的失败是因为其开始得太晚了。‎ ‎2．What do we know about the “Missouri” program?‎ A．It focused on the children’s first school teachers.‎ B．It helped the children return to the same home.‎ C．It made the children improved in many aspects.‎ D．It gave the parents advice on their development.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The children in the program were more advanced in language development, problem solving and other intellectual skills than their peers.”可推知，Missouri项目让参与的孩子们在许多方面都有改善。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, what is likely to influence children’s performance?‎ A．The number of family members.‎ B．The parentchild communication.‎ C．The intelligence of their parents.‎ D．The teacherstudent relationship.‎ 38‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The one factor that was found to affect the child’s development was the poor quality of parentchild interaction.”可知，父母和孩子之间的交流质量是影响孩子发展的因素之一。故选 B。‎ ‎4．How does the author develop the passage?‎ A．By listing figures.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By presenting ideas.‎ D．By drawing conclusions.‎ B　解析：篇章结构题。通读全文内容可知，本文是通过对比两个侧重点不同的教育项目， 从而组织文章的，故选 B。‎ B ‎(2020·安徽五校质检)‎ While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What’s more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about afterschool work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.‎ The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that’s because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”‎ The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激进的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, ‎ 38‎ especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.‎ Sirkka is not the only one who believes afterschool work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.‎ While the longterm impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban afterschool work as well!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。‎ ‎5．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because ________．‎ A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea B．they needed to do some experiments during the month C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations D．the headmaster had to carry out the government’s policy A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What makes children’s learning hard nowadays?‎ A．Children have to do more analyzing.‎ B．The approach to education is complex.‎ C．Children get no support at home and school.‎ D．There are many more facts to memorize.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were ‎ 38‎ primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。‎ ‎7．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?‎ A．Help children with their homework.‎ B．Free children from afterschool housework.‎ C．Spend more time reading to their children.‎ D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。‎ ‎8．What can we infer about the students in Finland?‎ A．They study the hardest at school.‎ B．They have a more relaxing school life.‎ C．They enjoy great success after graduation.‎ D．They all have a talent for math and science.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·重庆质量抽测)‎ Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives, even if you live in the city.‎ Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent’s excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1.________. “I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get 38‎ ‎ the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.‎ ‎2．________. If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.‎ Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and wellbeing. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. 3.________， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.‎ Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. 4.________．‎ Plant a small garden. 5.________. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.‎ A．Limit electronic devices while driving B．Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to C．If you want to raise your healthy and wellbalanced children D．If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables E．It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness F．If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community G．Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。‎ ‎1．B　解析：根据下文中的“‘I don’t know! Let’s find out together.’ is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling.”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起孩子的好奇心，故选B项。‎ ‎2．A　解析：根据空后一句“If you have to carpool (拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.”可推知，‎ 38‎ 开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。‎ ‎3．C　解析：承接上文“Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and wellbeing.”和空后的“nurturing creativity...as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。‎ ‎4．G　解析：根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深孩子对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。‎ ‎5．D　解析：承接上文“Plant a small garden.”，并与下文“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种些蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2020·石家庄重点高中摸底)I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9! You can imagine how 1.____________(terrible) shy I was with so many eyes fixed on me. I had no choice but 2.____________(prepare) for it, though. First of all, I was to draft the speech, 3.____________ was just a piece of cake for me, a good writer. But the hardest part 4.____________(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory—for it 5.__________(forbid) to read from the paper. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs 6.____________(tremble) and my mind blank. But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found 7.____________ back, delivering my speech without difficulty. After 8.____________ seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding—I made it! From then on, my fear of talking before the audience disappeared. Actually with my 9.____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the 10.____________(great) difficulty on my way to success is my fear. Overcome it and I will be able to achieve my goals.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。‎ ‎1．terribly　解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词 38‎ terribly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。‎ ‎2．to prepare　解析：考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。‎ ‎3．which　解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代“to draft the speech”，故填which。‎ ‎4．lay　解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。‎ ‎5．was forbidden　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．trembling　解析：考查with复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立主格结构。此处my legs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎7．myself　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“found myself back”，故填反身代词myself。‎ ‎8．what　解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。‎ ‎9．confidence　解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，故填confidence。‎ ‎10．greatest　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词difficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。‎ 38‎