2021届新高考英语大一轮复习抓分北师大版：必修3Unit8　Adventure学案 32页

一、语基必备知识 (一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 1．desert n．　　　　　　　　 沙漠，荒原 2．porter n. 行李搬运工 3．luggage n. 行李 4．maximum adj. 最大的，最多的 5．footprint n. 脚印，足迹 6．exactly adv. 确切地，精确地 7．traveller n. 旅行者，旅客 8．goods n. 商品，物品，货物 9．wealthy adj. 富有的，富裕的 10．author n. 作者 11．professor n. 教授 12．ambition n. 志向，抱负 13．cheerful adj. 愉快的，高兴的 14．distant adj. 远处的；久远的 15．staff n. 员工，全体工作人员 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 1．adventure n. 奇遇，冒险的经历 2．extra adj. 特别的；额外的 3．optional adj. 可选择的，非强制的 4．accommodation n. 住所，住处 5．risk vt. 冒……的危险 6．flow vi. 流动，涌出 7．equipment n. 配备，设备 8．quantity n. 量，数量 9．shock vt. 震惊，惊骇 10．goal n. 目的；目标 11．function vi. 运转；发挥作用 12．aim n. 目标；目的 13．transport n. 运输，运送 14．shelter n. 遮蔽，庇护所 15．limit n. 边界；限度 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 1．major adj. 较重要的；较严重的 n. 专业课 →majority n．大多数 2．tiring adj. 令人疲劳的→tired adj. 疲倦的，厌倦的→tire vt. 使疲倦；使疲劳 3．uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的，不自在的→comfortable adj. 舒服的→comfort n．& vt. 安慰 4．differ vi. 不同于，有区别→difference n. 不同之处→different adj. 不同的 5．anxious adj. 忧虑的，担心的→anxiously adv. 忧虑地，焦虑地→anxiety n. 焦虑，不 安 6．extreme adj. 极度的，极端的→extremely adv. 极其地，极端地 7．similarity n. 相似性，类似性→similar adj. 相似的→similarly adv. 类似地 8．excitement n. 兴奋，激动→excited adj. 激动的，兴奋的→exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 9．various adj. 不同的，各种各样的→variety n. 品种；种类；变化→vary vi. 变化 10．preference n. 较喜欢的东西，偏爱→prefer v. 喜爱 11．amaze vt. 使惊愕(惊奇)→amazed adj. 惊愕的，吃惊的→amazing adj. 令人惊异的 →amazement n. 吃惊，惊愕 12．confuse vt. 使困惑→confused adj. 困惑的→confusing adj. 令人困惑的→confusion n. 混乱；困惑 13．preparation n. 准备，预备→prepare vt. 准备；预备→prepared adj. 准备好的 14．patience n. 耐心；忍耐力→patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人→patiently adv. 耐心地 15．observe vt. 观察，观测→observation n. 观察 16．disadvantage n. 不利，不利条件→advantage n. 有利条件，长处 1.由 quantity 想到的 ①several　　　　　　 几个 ②couple 一对 ③score 二十 ④dozen 十二个 ⑤numerous 许多的 ⑥none 没有 ⑦hundred 一百 ⑧million 百万 ⑨billion 十亿 ⑩trillion 万亿 2.“看”遍天下 ①notice　　　　　 注意到，留心 ②observe 观察 ③watch 观看，关注 ④stare (at) 凝视，盯着看 ⑤glance (at) 匆匆看一眼；瞥 ⑥glare (at) 怒视；瞪 ⑦witness 经历，见证 ⑧look (at) 看 ⑨gaze 凝视 ⑩glimpse 一瞥 3.今儿个真“高兴” ①cheerful　　　　　 ②happy ③glad ④pleased ⑤delighted ⑥joyful ⑦merry ⑧nice ⑨pleasant ⑩agreeable (二)重点短语——记牢用活 1．take__off　　　　　　　　　　 起飞 2．in__order__to__do__something 目的是，以便 3．upside__down 颠倒地，倒置地 4．turn__up 出现，到场 5．back__out 决定不履行(允诺的事) 6．get__across 使理解(某事) 7．in__turn 轮流 8．break__out (坏事)突然发生，爆发 9．put...into__prison 把……关进监狱 10．stand__by 坚持(某种说法) 11．on__one’s__way 在途中 12．break__down 损坏，不能运转 13．run__out__of 用完，耗尽 14．carry__on 继续做某事 1.“动词＋across”一览 ①come across　 (偶然)遇见 ②cut across 抄近路；打断 ③go across 横穿；走过 ④run across 遇到；跑着穿过 ⑤get across 使理解(某事) 2.“stand”短语面面观 ①stand out　　 突出；显眼；引人注目 ②stand for 代表；象征；容忍；主张 ③stand by 袖手旁观；坚持；支持；遵守 ④stand up 站起来 ⑤stand up for 支持；维护 3.run 短语一览 ①run into　　 偶然遇见；撞上 ②run after 追赶；追求 ③run out 被用完，用光 ④run out of 用完，用尽 ⑤run for 竞选 (三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型 1：too...to...太…… 而不能…… Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true. 尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事 太离奇了，令人难以置信。 句型 2：表示方位或时 间的副词位于句首，句 子用全部倒装语序 Then__came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬夜开始了。 句型 3：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事 有困难 The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having__great__difficulty__walking． 接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 1．All kinds of goods are being transported(运输) to a lot of countries every day. 2．She went to London with the aim(目标) of finding a job. 3．(北京卷)To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks(风险), so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 4．The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity(数量)． 5．They made 30 days’ accommodations(膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday. 6．We should put away our differences(differ) and work together for our common goal. 7．Most of us could hardly contain our excitement(excite) when hearing that our team won. 8．Make sure your sleep environment is quiet, dark, cool, and comfortable(comfort)． 9．The similarity(similar) between the two stories suggests Lowry wrote them both. 10．The majority(major) of my patients come to me from out of town. Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 1．My father is so good a doctor that he is always patient with his patients and he also has patience with us.He treats us very patiently．(patient) 2．We were amazed at his amazing performance，and other people were also looking at him in amazement．(amaze) 3．The goods in this shop vary from season to season. In winter, there are various kinds of coats while in summer there are a variety of skirts.(vary) 4．From her confused look, I knew that the confusing speech made her confused．(confuse) 5．It was an anxious moment for us that day.We were waiting anxiously at the gate for the result of the match. Next to us were some girls watching us with anxiety．(anxious) Ⅲ.选词成篇 in order to; on one’s way to; take off; stand by; get across 1．In__order__to experience Southeast Asian culture, Wei Hua and Wei Tong decide to take the plane which 2.takes__off on Sunday to Thailand.Both of them 3.stand__by their opinions, but first they must 4.get__across their ideas to their parents. So they try to persuade their parents to let them do it.5.On__their__way__to Thailand, they will meet their friend, Tom.With his help, they will have no difficulty in communicating with the local people. turn up; break down; run out of; carry on; in turn Last week we joined a summer camp.We drove to the summer camp all the way 6.in__turn．Unluckily, on the way our car 7.broke__down and what was worse, we 8.ran__out__of oil.Fortunately, after a while another car 9.turned__up and it was a warm­hearted driver that offered us some fuel and helped us fix our car. Finally, we can 10.carry__on our journey. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．这条街太窄，大型货车不能通过。 The road is too__narrow__to allow the passage of trucks. 2．门突然开了，冲出来一个高个子男孩。 Suddenly the door was opened, and out rushed__a__tall__boy． 3．(北京卷)她很难保持注意力集中。 She had__more__difficulty__(in)__keeping focused. differ　vi.不同，有区别 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① ( 北 京 卷 )Because a college community( 群 体 ) differs(differ) from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. ②a. The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to tell the difference(differ) between them. b ． (2019· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently(different)． ③British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling. ④ He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently(different)． [能力提升]——完成句子 ⑤只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望实现的任何事情有影响。 Only when we match our words with actions can__we__make__a__difference__in whatever we hope to accomplish. (1)differ from...in... 与……在……方面不一样 (2)difference n. 不同；区别 make a difference 有影响；使不相同 tell the difference between...and... 区分……与……的差别 (3)different adj. 不同的；相异的 be different from...in... 在……方面不同 (4)differently adv. 不同地　 [名师点津] 不同和相同： 不同：differ, be different, vary 相同，相似：be the same, be similar/alike anxious　adj.忧虑的，焦急的；挂念的；渴望的，急切的；不安的 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2019·天津卷)She was anxious to__know(know) what had happened. ②a.(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. b．(北京卷)Anxious(anxiety) all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. ③If you are worried about your health, share your anxiety(anxious) with your doctor. ④Children always seem to be anxious for the Children’s Day to come. [能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 我非常担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上都睡不着觉。 ⑤(普通表达)I’m so__anxious__about__the__coming__exam__that I can hardly fall asleep at night. ⑥(高级表达)Anxious__about__the__coming__exam,__I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形 容词短语作状语) (1)be anxious for/about sth. 　　　　　　 为某事担心(忧虑) be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人) 做某事 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心 with anxiety 焦虑地 (3)anxiously adv. 焦急地，忧虑地；渴望地 [佳句背诵] Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.　我们有些同学很自信，渴望参加课堂活动，另一些同学则紧张不 安。(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) [名师点津] 表示渴望(做)某事的常用短语还有 long to do sth./for sth.；desire to do sth./for sth.；be eager to do sth./for sth.；be dying to do sth./for sth.等。 risk　vt.冒……的危险　n．[C，U]危险，风险 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. ②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③(江苏卷)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。 Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people ’ s__lives__at__risk． (1)risk doing sth. 　　 冒险做某事 (2)at risk 有风险；处境危险 at the risk of... 冒着……的危险 run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒险(做某事) put...at risk 让……处于危险之中 [佳句背诵] ①He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks. 他觉得他应该做好每一步的决定，而不是冒险。 ②I don’t want to run the risk of losing it. 我不想冒着失掉它的风险。 various　adj.不同的；各种各样的 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① (2019· 北 京 卷 )No matter what you like to do ， there is a way to get involved in various(vary) activities on Earth Day. ②The research team is made up of pupils, whose ages vary from 10 to 15. [能力提升]——词汇/句式升级 ③ ( 普 通 表 达 )Our school has built a new stadium. It has all kinds of well­equipped facilities.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) ( 高 级 表 达 )Our school has built a new stadium, which__has__various/varieties__of/a__variety__of__well­equipped__facilities．(定语从句) (1)for various reasons　　　 由于种种原因 (2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类 a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的 all kinds of 各种各样的 (3)vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化 vary from...to... 从……到……不等； 在……到……之间变动　 [联想发散] “各种各样”表达： ①various/varieties__of/a__variety__of； ②all__kinds/sorts/types__of confuse　vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①I would often get confused(confuse) when I came across new words with a similar spelling. ②I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike. [能力提升]——完成句子 ③我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑， 如果你给我一些在晚宴上如何做到行为得体的建议， 我将感激不尽。 I am__quite__confused__by__Chinese__table__manners. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party. confuse...with/and... 混淆；辨别不清 be confused by 被……弄混；糊涂 confused adj. 困惑的；烦恼的 confusing adj. 令人费解的；使人困惑的 confusion n. 困惑　 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.　例如，有大量的参考书，我经常会因为选择而感到困惑。(2018·江 苏卷) quantity　n．量；数量 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①a.With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are__being__washed(wash) away now. b．With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is__being__washed(wash) away now. ②We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity. [能力提升]——词汇升级 ③(普通表达)Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. ( 高 级 表 达 )Before the exam, I spent a__large__quantity__of/a__great__deal__of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam. a large/small quantity of　　　 大量/少量的 large quantities of 大量的；许多的 in quantity 大量地　 [佳句背诵] Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.　专家 说，表扬的质量比数量更重要。(2019·浙江卷 6 月) [名师点津] (1)a quantity of 或 quantities of 后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词； (2)“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋ 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 aim　n．目标；目的；对准　v．对准目标，打算 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities. ②a.(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection. b．(2017·北京卷)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming/aimed(aim) at getting rid of homelessness. ③ The aim of education is to__teach(teach) young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly. ④(2017· 北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree­lined street, not knowing where she was heading. [能力提升]——词汇升级 ⑤(普通表达)In order to improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week. (高级表达)With__the__aim__of__improving/Aiming__at__improving/Aiming_ _to__improve the level of English, we attend English Corner once a week.(aim) (1)aim to do sth.　　　 旨在做某事 aim at doing sth./be aimed at 目的是；旨在 (2)take aim at... 瞄准…… with the aim of 以……为目标；意在…… (3)aimless adj. 无目的的 aimlessly adv. 无目的地 　 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。 [词块助记] aim high　　　　　　 志存高远 achieve/realize my aim 达到我的目的/实现我的目标 a programme aimed at teenagers 针对青少年的节目 observe　vt.& vi.看到，观察，注意到；遵守(法律，习俗等)；庆祝(节日等) [一词多义]——写出下列句中 observe 的含义 ①(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.观察 ②(江苏卷)Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守 ③I’d like to tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival.庆祝 ④She observed her best friend walking on the opposite side of the road.注意到 [能力提升]——完成句子 ⑤当我经过他的房子时，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。 When I passed by his house, I observed__him__playing in the yard. ⑥刚才他被看到拿着一本书走进了办公室。 He was__observed__to__enter the office with a book in his hand just now. observe sb. doing sth.　 看到某人正在做某事 observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事 observe sb./sth. done 看到某人/物被…… 　 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] Also known as Tomb­Sweeping Day, the Qingming Festival is usually observed around April 5 and is a time for honoring deceased family relatives. 　清明节，也就是 人们熟知的扫墓日，通常在 4 月 5 日左右，人们常在这一天祭祀亡故的亲人。 [名师点津] observe 作“观察； 注意”讲时，可用省去 to 的动词不定式或 v.­ing 形式 作宾语补足语； 但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号 to 要还原。类似的词还有 see, watch, notice, hear, feel，make 等。 limit　vt.限制；限定　n．界限；限度 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people. ②(2019·江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources. ③I have limitless(limit) hopes and confidence in my university, like to my future. [能力提升]——完成句子 ④他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。 His English is__so__limited__that he can’t understand what the native speakers say. (1)limit...to...　 　　 把……限制在……内 (2)set a limit to... 对……规定限度 there is a/no limit to... 对……是有限的/无限的 (3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的　 [佳句背诵] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.　文章的长度限 制在约 400 词。 (全国卷Ⅰ) [名师点津] 上述搭配中 to 均为介词，后跟名词或 v.­ing 形式作宾语。 take off　脱下；移去；(飞机)起飞；休假；开始成功 [一词多义]——写出下列句中 take off 的含义 ①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I took off my T­shirt and dived into the water.脱掉 ②(陕西卷)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.起飞 ③ ( 江 苏 卷 )Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.开始成功 ④(四川卷)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.休假 take up　　　　　　 占去，占据(时间、地位等) take down 记下；拆卸 take in 吸收；接待；欺骗；理解 take on 呈现；雇用；接纳 take over 接管，接任　 [语段背诵] After taking up the job as a manager, he took down many scientific methods and took in many skilled workers. Soon the company took on a new look, which suggested the company would soon take off. turn up　出现；到场；开大；调高；发现；向上翻 [基础练习]——用 turn 的相关短语填空 ①Things turned__out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. ②The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned__down． ③The moment the bell rang, all the students turned__in their papers immediately. ④I often turn__to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result, I have made great progress in my studies. [能力提升]——词汇升级 ⑤ ( 普 通 表 达 )Some famous Chinese artists will appear and perform at the exhibition.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) (高级表达)Some famous Chinese artists will turn__up and perform at the exhibition. turn down　　　　　 拒绝；关小；调低 turn in 上交；自首 turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造 turn over 翻身；移交；转变 turn off 关掉 turn to sb. for help 向某人求助　 [佳句背诵] Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later. 别着急，我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。 [联想发散] “出现，到场”短语荟萃： ①turn__up；②show__up；③be__present__at get across　使理解(某事)；(使)被接受；横过(马路，河等)　 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①I called all day yesterday，but I couldn’t get through to you. ②The girl has been looking for a chance to get away from the beggars. ③It is hard for the poor young man to get over the difficulty this time. [能力提升]——完成句子 ④如果我们克服了目前的困难， 那么一切都应该会好起来。 If we can get__over__our__present__difficulties,__then everything should be all right. ⑤这儿有他许多朋友。他曾经在这些朋友的帮助下摆脱了困境。 He has a great many friends here, with whose help he once got__away__from difficult situations. get away from 　　 逃离；远离；避开 get down to 开始认真处理/对待，开始做 get over 克服 get through 穿过；完成；接通电话；用完 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] Whether we are buying, selling, consulting, or simply trying to obtain information, we will need to get across ideas to an audience we are not used to dealing with. 无论是做买卖、协商，还是仅仅获得信息，我们都需要使那些我们从未与之打过交道的 人弄明白我们的意思。 break down　分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败； 打破，消除 [一词多义]——写出下列句中 break down 的含义 ①(陕西卷)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air­conditioning system broke down.(机器)出故障 ②If Tim carries on working like this, he’ll break down sooner or later.(身体)垮掉 ③(湖北卷)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts. 分解 ④ ( 天 津 卷 )The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除 ⑤(湖北卷)He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.失控 break in　　　　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 闯入，破门而入 break out 爆发，突然发生 break through 突破；克服，战胜 break up 解散；结束；拆散 break away 突然离开；突然挣脱 [佳句背诵] Mother broke into my room and told me not to stay up or I would break down. 妈妈闯进我的房间，告诉我不要熬夜了，否则身体会垮掉的。 run out of　用尽；用完 [基础练习]——用 run 的相关短语填空 ①(2019·北京卷)If they run__out__of certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed. ②In the future, care for the environment will become very important as the earth’s natural resources__run__out． ③I’d like to run__for the vice president of the English club in our school. ④I__ran__across one of my old friends when I was walking in the street the other day. [能力提升]——一句多译 如果我们继续像这样用水，我们很快就会把它用完。 ⑤If we keep using the water like this, we will__soon__run__out__of__it. (run) ⑥If we keep using the water like this, it will__soon__run__out. (run) ⑦If we keep using the water like this, we will__soon__use__it__up. (use) ⑧If we keep using the water like this, it will__soon__be__used__up. (use) (1)run out 　　　　 用完；用尽 give out 用尽；用完；精疲力竭 use up 用尽；用完 (2)run across 偶然遇到 run for 竞选；匆匆去取 run into 撞上；遇到　 [佳句背诵] ①What should I do when I’m about to run out of gas at midnight on my way home? 当我的车在午夜回家的路上快没油了，我该怎么办？ ②It’s my great honor to announce that I am running for chairman of the Students’ Union. [名师点津] (1)run out of＝use up 表示主动意义，主语通常是人； (2)run out＝be used up 表示被动意义，主语通常是物； (3)give out 作“用尽；用完”讲时，用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物。 too...to...太……而不能…… (教材 P26)Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.　尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马 可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ① (2019· 北 京 卷 )Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to__make(make) necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful college experience. ②a.You can’t be too careful while doing your homework. b．You can never be careful enough to__do(do) your homework. [能力提升]——句型转换 ③Mary was so absorbed in her study that she couldn’t hear the noise outside. →Mary was too__absorbed__in__her__study__to__hear the noise outside. (1)某些形容词与“too...to...”句型连用时，too (＝very) 表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多 为表示情感的词，如 glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，willing，ready，eager，anxious 等。 (2)当在 too 前加上 only, but, all, simply 或 just 时，“too ...to ...”结构表示肯定意义，此 时 too 带有赞赏的感情色彩。 (3)“too ...to ...”结构和 never, not 等否定副词连用时，表示肯定意义，意为“无论……也 不过分；越……越好”。　 [佳句背诵] ①Just as an old saying goes：“It is never too late to learn.” 正如那句老话所言：“活到老，学到老”。 ②Don’t worry. I’ll be only too glad to help you if there’s anything wrong. 　不用担心， 如果出了什么问题， 我会很乐意帮助你的。 have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 (教材 P28)The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking. 接下来离开的是奥茨上尉，他行走有很大的困难。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding(find) Ann’s house? —Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily. ②You have no difficulty remembering(remember) the new words, so you can’t imagine the difficulty I have learning(learn) them by heart. ③Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently. [能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ④(普通表达)We had__difficulty__walking__home(步行回家非常困难) in the snowstorm. You can’t imagine the difficulty. ⑤(高级表达)You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__we__had__walking__home_ _in__the__snowstorm！(定语从句＋感叹句) (1)difficulty 前可用 great, much, some, any, no, little 等修饰，difficulty 还可以用 trouble, problems, a hard time 等替换。 (2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth.　　在某事上有困难 (3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事/在某事上没有困难 　 [ 佳 句 背 诵 ] Undoubtedly, we must have difficulty in searching for the road leading to science. 毫无疑问，我们在寻找通向科学的道路上一定有困难。 [名师点津] (1)在考查句型 have difficulty (in) doing sth.时，difficulty 往往提前作主句中的 先行词，定语从句中谓语为“have＋doing”形式； (2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的 difficulty 是不可数名词。 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. 2．(2018·江苏卷)As children grew，they became more anxious(anxiety) to get more public approval. 3．It is reported that a large quantity of money has__been__wasted(waste) on the project. 4 ． A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity(similar)． 5．The manager was extremely(extreme) angry and left the meeting room without saying a word. 维度二　在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词 1．The speaker was too excited to get across to most of the listeners present at the meeting. 2．When we hurried to the airport, the plane to Shanghai had taken off． 3．School provides a variety of activities for children after class. 4．In my opinion, you’d better set a limit to the expense of your trip. 5．(全国卷)I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. 维度三　易错混用(改正下列句子中的错误) 1．As a matter of fact，there is a limit on what one can tolerate. on→to 2．Large quantities of milk has gone bad because of the hot weather.has→have 3．Aiming at attracting more people, the ceremony was very popular. Aiming→Aimed 4．The pen must have run out ink. Could you lend me yours？在 out 后加 of 5．I can’t imagine what difficulty the woman had brought up her children.brought→bringing 维度四　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义) 1．(江苏卷)Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and limits the size of brains.限制 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.拒绝 3．The Chinese people observe the Spring Festival from generation to generation.庆祝 4．There’s tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.忧 虑；焦虑 5．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming to introduce American customs.目的是 6．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was burned to the ground.爆发； 突然发生 7．Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.不同的；各种各样的 8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.打破 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑 体部分用法) In order to experience Chinese culture which 1.differs(differ) from his country’s, Tom planned to travel to Beijing. He first got his idea 2.across to his parents. With his parents’ permission, he decided to go to Beijing by plane which took 3.off on Sunday. For this trip, he made full 4.preparations(prepare) for it. On the way to Beijing, he came across his friend, Li Hua. After arriving in Beijing, he had no difficulty 5.communicating(communicate) with the local people with the help of Li Hua. To his amazement, there are 6.various(vary) kinds of entertainment facilities, activities and large 7.quantities(quantity) of old buildings. In a word, it’s so dizzying. Apart from the trip, he also aims to learn Chinese well, and he takes full advantage 8.of every minute to study hard. He strictly 9.limits(limit) his time of playing. We often see him 10.studying(study) late into night. We all think he should pay attention to his health in case it breaks down. 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文) 1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇) ①史密斯先生开车去伦敦上班途中汽车出了故障。 Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work when__his__car__broke__down． ②他打电话给汽车修理厂，维护工很快就来了。 He telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned__up． ③10 分钟后，他的车被修好了。 Ten minutes later his__car__was__repaired． ④为了弥补落下的时间，他飞快行驶。 He wanted to make__up__for__the__lost__time so he began to drive faster. ⑤后来他车里的油用光了，没能按时到达伦敦。 The oil in the tank ran__out,__so he failed__to__reach London on time. 2．升级平淡句 ⑥用 in order to 升级句④ He__began__to__drive__faster__in__order__to__make__up__for__the__lost__time. 3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so, unfortunately) ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Mr.Smith was driving a car to London to go to work when his car broke down. So, he telephoned a garage and soon a repairman turned up. Ten minutes later his car was repaired. He began to drive faster in order to make up for the lost time. Unfortunately, the oil in the tank ran out, so he failed to reach London on time. 课时练 1　2 篇阅读＋1 篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2020· 郑 州 质 量 预 测 )Four teenage girls from Minnesota, US. 120 hours of nonstop togetherness. No cellphones. This is not a reality show, but an adventure journey. “It was really perfect，” said Julia Ruelle of her recent adventure to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness with three of her childhood friends. “By unplugging, we had an amazing time.” Last year, the 16­year­old took part in an essay contest and carried off a prize. The award was a 5­day canoe and camping adventure with up to three friends. No parents or guides would be there. So Julia invited her friends Anna Wander, Madeline Wilson and Julianna Torelli. The four Minnetonka High School juniors arrived in Ely for training the day before they began the journey. They set out the next day at 7 a．m., quickly developing a routine. “We were done paddling by noon，” Julia said. “We ate lunch at the campsites and then it was time for hammocks(吊床), reading, making friendship bracelets(手镯) and talking.” The girls all had experience in the outdoors before. Anna had been to the Boundary Waters with her family. “I love how you are separated from everything in your life, especially technology, ” Anna said. Without her phone, she said, “I’m less worried about things.” Madeline, too, had been to the Boundary Waters a few years ago. “But this time, I had to paddle right and set up camp，” she said. The girls made fire and cooked meal together. No one was ever hungry or homesick, but they were nervous in the final night as they waited out a thunderstorm. They left wet sleeping bags in one tent, and squeezed into another for the night. “Every thunderstorm in the Boundary Waters feels huge，” Julia said. On the car ride home, they were all on their phones catching up with friends. “It was a little at a loss turning my phone on，” said Anna. “Mental health can be improved so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to get away and reconnect with yourself.” 【解题导语】　16 岁的高中女生 Julia Ruelle 参加了一个作文比赛并获奖，奖品是邀请 最多三位朋友一起进行为期五天的独木舟和露营探险。于是四个女孩关闭手机，体验了独特 的五天冒险之旅。 1．How did Julia Ruelle get the chance to camp? A．She won an essay contest. B．She was invited by her friends. C．She performed well in her school. D．She asked her parents for support. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“Last year, the 16­year­old took part in an essay contest and carried off a prize. The award was a 5­day canoe and camping adventure with up to three friends.”可知，Julia Ruelle 参加了一个作文比赛并获奖，奖品是一次为期五天的独 木舟和露营探险，最多可以邀请三个朋友。据此可知，Julia Ruelle 是通过在一次作文比赛中 获奖获得这次机会的，故 A 项正确。 2．Why was the 5­day adventure unique to the girls? A．They needed to complete many tasks. B．They needed to find a guide on their own. C．They had to live on a boat for several days. D．They had to live without their smartphones. D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“No cellphones.”和倒数第二段第三句“Without her phone, she said，‘I’m less worried about things.’”可知，此次活动的独特之处在于不允 许带手机，故 D 项正确。 3．What can we know about the girls from the story? A．They had not got any camping experience before. B．They all felt refreshed after the adventure journey. C．They enriched their learning experiences by exploring. D．They used to keep in close touch with their friends by phone. B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mental health can be improved so much in the Boundary Waters. It really helps to get away and reconnect with yourself.”可推知，经历这次冒险 之旅后，她们都感受到，这次冒险之旅远离尘嚣，重新与自己连接，改善了自己的精神健康， 故 B 项正确。 B (2020·河南六市高三联考)It was about seven years ago. I just picked up my three­year­old daughter from the nursery. I was weighed down with shopping bags, and with my daughter’s things. We arrived at a pedestrian crossing and she pressed the button. In the distance, I heard alarms, told my daughter to wait and watched a police car approaching. Little did I know, as the__green__man flashed, that my daughter had begun to run into the road. I watched the police car speed toward us—that’s when you sounded your horn and waved wildly to me. My daughter was about a meter from the path of the police car, hidden from their view by your car. I screamed her name and ran toward her. She stopped and was shocked by the rush of the police car as it sped past. She wondered why you had blown your horn, asking, “Mom, why was that woman so rude？” not realizing you had saved her life. She wondered why I picked her up and burst into tears. My legs gave way as I reached the other side of the road. I should have followed my “wait” with a hand on her shoulder, or an explanation of why we were ignoring the green man this time, especially as I had in effect conditioned her to cross the road at the sight of the green flash. I beat myself up for months, and still do, with flashbacks and horrible assumptions about what might have been. But for your sounding your horn, seeing what I hadn’t seen, I would have been left a mother on the other side of the road, totally broken. I apologize for putting you in that position—I can imagine that it upset you，too. You saved her life and I am so grateful. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。大约七年前，“我”的女儿过马路时没有注意到警 车，幸亏一位女士按喇叭提醒，才挽救了女儿的生命。这件事让“我”至今难忘，心中充满 感激。 4．What does the underlined part “the green man” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A pedestrian.　 B．A policeman. C．A traffic sign. D．A button. C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Little did I know, as the__green__man flashed，that my daughter had begun to run into the road.”并结合常识可知，此处表示看到绿 灯亮之后，“我”的女儿跑到了马路上；据此可推知，画线部分指代一种交通标志，故 C 项 正确。A 项意为“一个行人”，B 项意为“一个警察”，D 项意为“一个按钮”，都与语境不 符。 5．Why did the woman sound her horn? A．To stop the police car. B．To show her impatience. C．To greet passing pedestrians. D．To draw the mother’s attention. D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“I watched the police car speed toward us—that’s when you sounded your horn and waved wildly to me. My daughter was about a meter from the path of the police car, hidden from their view by your car.”可知，“我”看到警车向“我 们”疾驰而来，这时你按响了喇叭，疯狂地向“我”挥手。“我”的女儿离警车的车道大约 一米远，你的车挡住了他们的视线。据此可推知，那位女士按响喇叭是为了引起这位母亲的 注意，提醒她注意她女儿的安全，故 D 项正确。 6．What can we infer from the incident? A．The mother didn’t regret what had happened. B．The daughter didn’t follow the traffic rules. C．The woman responded quickly and properly. D．The police drove beyond the speed limit. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段可知，当看到小女孩面临危险时，那位女士按响喇 叭，并疯狂地向小女孩的母亲挥手；并结合第三段第一、二句“I screamed her name and ran toward her. She stopped and was shocked by the rush of the police car as it sped past.”可知，警车 疾驰而过，“我”的女儿安然无恙；据此可推知，那位女士反应快速、正确，挽救了小女孩 的生命，故 C 项正确。 7．How did the mother feel when taking hold of her daughter? A．Angry and shocked. B．Scared but relieved. C．Guilty and confused. D．Grateful but sad. B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句“She wondered why I picked her up and burst into tears. My legs gave way as I reached the other side of the road.”可知，女儿不知道“我”为 什么把她抱起来并突然大哭起来；当“我”走到路的另一边时，“我”的腿软了；结合上文 可知，一位女士的提醒使“我”的女儿避免了车祸；据此可推知，抓住女儿时，这位母亲既 害怕，又感到宽慰，故 B 项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2020·河北九校联考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．.. I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint. __6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team. Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a co­captain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team! 【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是 作者的毅力和决心。 1．A.really B．merely C．suddenly D．barely D　解析：根据 But 的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..”可知，此处应用一个表示否定意义的副词， 表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教她这么多人生课程。barely“几乎不，几乎没 有”，符合语境。 2．A.various B．latest C．unique D．classical A　解析：根据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者学跳各种 (various)风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“独特的”；classical“古典的”。 3．A.worked out B．took out C．came out D．stood out D　解析：根据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋， 她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被获知，盛开”； stand out “出色，显眼”。 4．A.deadly B．strange C．costly D．valuable C　解析：根据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈学习。 costly 是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。 5．A.happy B．content C．comfortable D．secure C　解析：根据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”； content“满足的”；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。 6．A.Now that B．Even if C．As though D．Just when B　解析：根据主句“I used what I learned...develop my dancing skills”可以推断出，该空 所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用 Even if“尽管”。 7．A.new B．primary C．previous D．final C　解析：根据上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她用以前学到的 舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最终的”。 8．A.energy B．admiration C．appreciation D．enthusiasm D　解析：根据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推 断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy “精力”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”；appreciation “感激”； enthusiasm “热情”。 9．A.instructor B．performer C．partner D．contributor A　解析：根据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者 学习如何做一个教练。instructor “教练，导师”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同 伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐献者”。 10．A.spoke about B．backed up C．made up D．put on D　解析：根据空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者为家人表演节目。put on“上演”。 11．A.attempted B．failed C．chose D．intended B　解析：根据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句 中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事”符合语境。attempt“尝试”；choose“选 择”；intend“打算，计划”。 12．A.admitted B．addicted C．adapted D．applied A　解析：根据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈 队录取。be admitted to“被……录取”。 13．A.considered B．pushed C．warned D．expected B　解析：根据下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a co­captain of the team and lead them to...”可知，此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者督促自己做该队中最优秀 的队员。push sb. to be/do...表示“督促某人成为……/做……”。consider“认为”；warn“告 诫”；expect“期望”。 14．A.examination B．campaign C．activity D．trial C　解析：根据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。 15．A.injuries B．goals C．disagreements D．desires A　解析：根据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾多次受伤(injuries)。 goal “目标”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。 16．A.recovery B．practice C．suffering D．learning A　解析：根据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of ______” 可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，故选 recovery “恢复，康复”。practice “训练”；suffering “痛苦”；learning “学习”。 17．A.cured B．caused C．defeated D．fought B　解析：根据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。 18．A.just B．also C．yet D．still D　解析：根据空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此处应表示这直至今天还 困扰着作者，故用 still。 19．A.approach B．understand C．win D．keep C　解析：即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带领校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一 个全国冠军头衔。根据句中的“national championship title”可知，此处用 win。win the...title 表 示“获得……冠军头衔”。 20．A.organization B．history C．charge D．imagination B　解析：参见上题解析。 课时练 2　2 篇阅读＋1 篇七选五 ＋1 篇语法填空 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2020· 济南针对性训练)The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2，000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40，000 plant species, 3，000 fish, 1，294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region. One in five of all the birds in the world live in the Amazon rainforest. The warm and wet forest has been in existence for at least 55 million years, and thrived even during glacial periods, allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species. Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳定年法) has revealed trees of 10 centimeter in diameter to be more than 300 years old, and some trees over 1，000 years old, indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity. The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11，200 years ago. European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著 居 民 ). By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers. The Amazon rainforests has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen. But due to deforestation( 滥 伐 森 林 ), rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earth’s land surface, and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change. Severe deforestation began in the 20th century, with 587， 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture. The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation, and at the present rate, scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades. 【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了亚马逊热带雨林的历史、丰富的物种以及现在所面临的 危险。 1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To prove the forest untouched. B．To classify species scientifically. C．To show the diversity of species. D．To attract more attention to the Amazon region. C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容并结合第二段第一句中的“allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species”可推知，那些关于动植物种类的数字说明了亚 马逊热带雨林的物种多样性，故选 C。 2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die? A．European explorers brought diseases there. B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly. C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned. D．They got killed by Spanish explorers. A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves, killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．”可知，可能多达 90%的亚马逊土著居 民因为欧洲探险者所带来的疾病而死亡，故选 A。 3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest? A．It has the largest number of species. B．It covers over 5% of South America. C．It is becoming larger in area. D．It is being endangered now. D　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句中的“at the present rate...in two decades”并结 合最后一段的整体内容可推知，亚马逊热带雨林遭到破坏，而且未来 20 年可能会减少 40%，故选 D。 4．What may be included in the following paragraph? A．Examples of destroying forests. B．Measures to protect rainforests. C．New settlements in the Amazon region. D．Ways to stop global warming. B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的关键词“deforestation”可推知，亚马逊热带雨林 砍伐严重，那么本文接下来自然就会论述这一问题的解决措施，故选 B。 B (2020· 信阳高三调研)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows that some flora can feel a plant­eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin­Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶), which is known to prevent plant­eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail’s approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study. “ It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far­ranging effects，” Karban says. “The research was comprehensive，” he adds, “but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.” “That’s the million­dollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. 【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警 觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。 5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________． A．make them grow better B．give them a warning C．keep plant­eating animals away D．inform plant­eating animals of danger B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock 在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生 自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选 B。 6．Why is the example of caterpillars mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce another animal. B．To confirm the result of the study. C．To appeal to people to protect animals. D．To analyze different resistance chemicals. B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning’s impact on another potential threat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选 B。 7．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A．How tomato plants become aware of danger. B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C．Whether the research is of practical value. D．What the finding of the research is. A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“‘The research was comprehensive，’he adds，‘but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban 实际上想了解的是 西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选 A。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail’s Approach D．A Defense Attack A　解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词 plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知， 本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反 应，故选 A。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2020· 平 顶 山 名 校 模 拟 )Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day ­ to ­ day life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should. Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns. 3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field. Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool. Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centres. 5.________ A．Libraries help people learn. B．Libraries help educate the kids. C．They create a great sense of community. D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny. E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs. F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them. G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world. 【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压 的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。图书馆随着时代发展，创造了一种社区意 识。 1．G　解析：根据空前一句“For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day­to­day life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与 此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故 G 项符合语境。 2．D　解析：根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费 借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆 免费读书的情况，故 D 项符合语境，衔接上下文。且 D 项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”相呼应。 3．A　解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解， 尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以一直拓展你的学 习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故 A 项正确。 4．E　解析：根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故 E 项与此处匹配。 5．C　解析：根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知， 图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造 了一种社区意识，故 C 项正确。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2020·洛阳、许昌质检)Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not 1.____________(eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don’t eat meat, while vegans are people who don’t eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles 2.____________(become) more well­known in the UK. 3.____________ are Britons cutting their meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production 4.____________ the environment. 5.____________(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become 6.____________(healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat­free diet can help reduce 7.____________ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure. Organic farming is 8.____________ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified ( 转 基 因 的 ) food and want their food to be 9.____________(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat 10.____________(produce) without the use of drugs. 【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了英国正在流行的两大趋势，即素食主义和有机农业。 1．to eat　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为固定搭配 decide not to do sth.“决定不做某 事”，故用不定式作宾语。 2．are becoming　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主 义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处用现在进行时，表示现在的一种 趋势，且与句子主语的复数形式保持一致，故用 are becoming。 3．Why　解析：考查疑问副词。与语境中的问号呼应，并结合下文的内容可推知，此 处表示对原因的疑问，故用特殊疑问词 Why。 4．on　解析：考查介词。effect on sb./sth.意为“对某人/某(事)物有影响”，为固定搭配， 故用介词 on。 5．Worries　解析：考查名词的单复数。worry 为可数名词时，意为“令人担忧的事”， 且根据语境及该句中的 have 可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语。 6．healthier　解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：为了变得更健康，其他一些人选择 改变他们的饮食习惯。此处包含一个比较的概念，故用形容词比较级形式作 become 的表语。 7．the　解析：考查冠词。risk 被介词短语 of certain cancers 修饰，表示特指，故用定 冠词 the 修饰。 8．another　解析：考查限定词。与上文“Vegetarianism(素食主义) is becoming one rising trend in the UK”呼应可知，此处表示另外一种兴起的趋势，故用限定词 another 修饰名词 trend，表示“再一，另一”。 9．organically　解析：考查副词。修饰动词用副词，故用副词 organically 修饰动词 produced。 10．is produced　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，produce 与句子 主语 Organic meat 是被动关系，且表示客观叙述，故用其一般现在时的被动语态形式。