【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版选修8unit3Inventorsandinventions学案(1) 9页

‎　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．—Have you ______？‎ ‎—No.I had the wrong number.‎ A．got in　　　　　　　　 B．got away C．got off D．got through 解析 考查动词短语的区别。get in“插话，收割”；get away“离开；走开”；get off“下车”；get through“接通电话，完成，到达，通过”，由此可知该题的答案为D项，意思是“你打通电话了吗？”‎ 答案 D ‎2．So far nobody has claimed the money______in the library.‎ A．discovered B．to be discovered C．discovering D．having discovered 解析 考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：迄今为止，没有人认领在图书馆里发现的钱。因discover与money之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ 答案 A ‎3．There were many talented actors out there just waiting______.‎ A．to discover B．to be discovered C．discovered D．being discovered 解析 考查不定式的被动式作目的状语。解答这类题时，一定要弄清非谓语动词和主语之间的逻辑关系。句意：在外面有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。to be discovered为不定式短语作目的状语。discover与其逻辑主语actors之间为动宾关系，且discover动作是将要发生，故用动词不定式的被动式。‎ 答案 B ‎4．After that，he knew he could______any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.‎ A．get away with B．get on with C．get through D．get across 解析 考查get动词短语。句意：(经历过)那件事以后，他知道只要他尽自己所能就能处理任何紧急情况。to the best of尽……所能；就……的限度。get away with携……潜逃；(做了坏事)逍遥法外；get on with进展；相处；get through通过；完成；get across过(马路、桥等)；使(人)了解自己的意思。由句意可知，C项为最佳选项。‎ 答案 C ‎5．It’s the sort of work that ______ a high level of concentration.‎ A．calls for B．makes up C．lies on D．stands for 解析 考查短语动词辨析。call for需要，需求；make up编(故事、借口等)；lie in位于，在于；stand for代表。根据句意，A项符合。‎ 答案 A ‎6．I tried phoning her office，but I couldn’t______.‎ A．get along B．get on C．get to D．get through 解析 考查动词词组辨析。get along“相处融洽，进展”；get on“继续，进行，上车”；get to“到达，开始”；get through“穿过，通过，读完，打通(电话)”。根据句意：我试着给她办公室打电话，但是没有打通。因此只有get through符合句意。‎ 答案 D ‎7．It is difficult to______one twin from the other.They almost don’t ______from each other.‎ A．differ； distinguish B．distinguish；different C．distinguish；differ D．tell；different 解析 distinguish表示“区分，辨别”，常构成distinguish A from B，而differ from each other意为“有区别，不同于”，相当于be different from each other。‎ 答案 C ‎8．—Mum，it is nice weather.I want to skate this afternoon.‎ ‎—Don’t you think the ice on the lake is too thin to ______ your weight?‎ A．carry B．bear C．catch D．take 解析 这里的bear不表示“忍受”，而是“承受”的意思。‎ 答案 B ‎9．Hardly could he______this amount of work in such a short time.‎ A．get through B．get off C．get into D．get down 解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作。get through有完成之意，符合句意。get off下车；get into进入，陷入；get down“下车，吞下，写下”；都与句意不搭配。‎ 答案 A ‎10．It is hard for young children to distinguish right ______ wrong.‎ A．with　　　 B．to ‎ C．from　　　 D．between 解析 distinguish right from wrong“辨别是与非”。‎ 答案 C ‎11．When we plan our vacation，mother often offers______suggestions.‎ A．careful B．practical C．effective D．acceptable 解析 母亲是长辈，她所拥有的是实用的信息。建议要经过检验之后才知道是否有效，排除C项，可接受的建议不一定实用，排除D项。‎ 答案 B ‎12．—Mum，we’ve got to be ______ and buy only what we need.‎ ‎—Oh，I’m glad to hear that.‎ A．practical B．content C．familiar D．actual 解析 前句句意：我们一定要实际些，只要我们需要的东西。practical实际的，符合情况的；content满意的；familiar熟悉的；actual实际的。‎ 答案 A ‎13．Letterboxes are much more______in the UK than in the US，where most people have a mailbox instead.‎ A．common B．normal C．ordinary D．usual 解析 考查同义词辨析。句意：信箱在英国比在美国更常用，在美国大多数人都有一个邮箱。common指“为许多人或事物所共同具有的，因而常见”；ordinary指“由于与一般事物的性质或标准相同，因而显得平常，无奇特之处，反义词为special”； usual指“在某一地方或某一时间内所常见的，往往指常用的东西，或常发生的事情，反义词为unusual”；normal同regular一样，意为“正常的，正规的，标准的”。‎ 答案 A ‎14．Start out right away，______ you’ll miss the first train.‎ A．and　　　 B．but ‎ C．or　　　 D．which 解析 句意：立刻出发，否则你会错过第一班火车的。or否则，符合句意。‎ 答案 C ‎15．Christmas Day is usually celebrated on December 25th ______ the birth of Jesus Christ.‎ A．in praise of B．in honor of C．in terms of D．in association with 解析 考查介词短语辨析。in praise of称赞；in honor of纪念；in terms of在……方面；in association with与……在一起，与……联合。由题意知选B项。‎ 答案 B Ⅱ.完形填空 Elaine was a saleswoman，who drove all over the city five days a week.When all the freeway lanes were at a dead stop，she would drive quickly along the emergency lane.While driving she usually__1__on her cellphone，drinking a soda or eating a sandwich—her hands，legs and mouth were always__2__while she was driving.‎ Last night she got__3__in Friday evening rush hour.She was going to be __4__for her date.She was already__5__when things seemed to be getting worse and all the traffic stopped.Elaine drove__6__over to the emergency lane.Soon she saw the red flashing lights in the mirror.She had to__7__her car.A goodlooking officer walked up.‎ ‎“Officer，my boyfriend left me after he got me pregnant.I have constant morning sickness.I’m just trying to get to the nearest store to buy my__8__.” She looked at the officer with__9__eyes.‎ He looked at her pitifully，then said__10__，“Okay，ma’am.Take the first exit.I hope you’ll be feeling better.”‎ The officer walked back to his car and Elaine drove on.This was the second time that__11__had worked for her.She had one more thing to do before she got home.She had to mail a package.When she got to the shopping mall at 7 pm，no parking was__12__，except for the handicapped space.Elaine drove right into it.She would only be a minute，she told__13__.All she had to do was __14__the post office，get the package__15__，and pay the clerk.‎ Fortunately，there was no__16__in the store.Everything was done so __17__that she was whistling while she walked back out to her car.Then she stopped__18__.There was an envelope on the windshield (挡风玻璃)．She opened it slowly.She knew__19__it was，but not how much it was.She screamed when she saw the__20__.A dog started barking.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了在晚上回家的途中发生在女推销员Elaine身上的事情。‎ ‎1. A.depended　　 B．carried C．talked　　 D．sold 解析　她在开车时通常打电话、喝苏打汽水或吃三明治。talk(to sb.)on one’s cellphone意为“用手机(和某人)通话”。‎ 答案　C ‎2．A.full 　　 B．open ‎ C．free　　 D．busy 解析　在开车时她的手、腿和嘴巴总是闲不住。busy忙碌的，符合语境。‎ 答案　D ‎3． A.stuck　　 B．hurt ‎ C．annoyed 　　 D．punished 解析　昨晚她赶上了周五晚上的交通高峰期。get stuck in意为陷入……。‎ 答案　A ‎4．A.late 　　 B．ready ‎ C．excited　　 D．mad 解析　她的约会要迟到了。be late for迟到，符合语境。‎ 答案　A ‎5．A.satisfied　　　 B．angry ‎ C．exhausted　　 D．calm 解析　就在事情似乎变得更糟糕，所有的交通都停止的时候，她已经生气了。angry生气的，发怒的。‎ 答案　B ‎6．A.reluctantly 　　 B．immediately C．guiltily　　 D．gratefully 解析　Elaine立即(immediately)将车开上应急车道。此空与文章第一段第二句中的“quickly”相呼应。‎ 答案　B ‎7．A.stop 　　　 B．start ‎ C．discard 　　 D．speed 解析　她不得不将车停(stop)下。‎ 答案　A ‎8．A.gas 　　 B．ticket ‎ C．medicine　　 D．package 解析　她说她只是想到最近的商店买点儿药(medicine)。‎ 答案　C ‎9．A.innocent　　 B．aggressive ‎ C．addicted　　 D．proud 解析　她用无辜的(innocent)眼神望着那名警官。‎ 答案　A ‎10．A.softly 　　 B．rudely ‎ C．strictly　　 D．skeptically 解析　他满怀同情地看着她，温和地(softly)说：“‎ 那行，女士。走第一个出口吧。我希望你会好起来。”‎ 答案　A ‎ ‎11．A.officer 　　 B．excuse ‎ C．driver 　　 D．mistake 解析　这是那个借口(excuse)第二次奏效了。‎ 答案　B ‎12．A.adoptable　　 B．accessible ‎ C．acceptable　　 D．available 解析　当她晚上7点钟到达购物中心的时候，除了残疾人专区外，已没有可供使用的(available)泊车位。‎ 答案　D ‎13．A.the clerk　　 B．the guard ‎ ‎ C．the worker　　 D．herself ‎ 解析　她告诉自己，只会停一分钟。反身代词herself在此作told的宾语。‎ 答案　D ‎14．A.take out　　 B．get out ‎ ‎ C．run into 　　 D．push into 解析　她要做的就是跑进(run into)邮局，将包裹称重(weighed)，并付钱给工作人员。‎ 答案　C ‎15．A.weighed 　　 B．printed ‎ C．repaired 　　 D．paid 解析　参见上题解析。‎ 答案　A ‎16．A.car 　　 B．line ‎ C．police 　　 D．service 解析　幸运的是，不需要排队。line队伍，行列，符合语境。‎ 答案　B ‎17．A.quickly　　 B．slowly ‎ C．strangely　　 D．quietly 解析　一切都做得很快(quickly)以至于她往回走向汽车时竟吹起了口哨。‎ 答案　A ‎18．A.talking　　　 B．driving C．thinking　　 D．whistling 解析　她停止吹口哨(whistling)。‎ 答案　D ‎19．A.how 　　 B．why ‎ C．what 　　 D．that 解析　她知道那是什么(what)，但她不知道是多少。‎ 答案　C ‎20．A.letter 　　 B．order C．amount 　　 D．invitation 解析　当她看到罚单上的金额(amount)时，她尖叫起来。‎ 答案　C Ⅲ.阅读理解 Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners，city squares and in suburban supermarkets.In these freeforall libraries，people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.“This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.It is open for everybody，” Michael Aubermann，one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.‎ The western city’s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm.It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann’s group，the Cologne Citizen’s Foundation，has placed outside.“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well，” said Aubermann.The public bookshelves，which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups，have appeared independently of each other in many cities，suburbs and villages.Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.‎ Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.“We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition，” said Elmar Muether.“If books are present everywhere，it helps our business，too.”‎ So far，the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems.Aubermann said，“Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.” ‎ At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood，the lower shelves are reserved for children’s literature only.“It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this ‘reading culture on the street’—from old readers to kids to immigrants，” Aubermann said.‎ While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods，Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods，where citizens often don’t have as much access to literature.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?‎ A．People can take the books and leave their books at will.‎ B．People can’t borrow books unless they donate books.‎ C．People can borrow whatever they like after registering.‎ D．People have to return the books according to the required time.‎ 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.”可知，人们可以随意取阅或捐赠图书，不需要登记，也没有规定的还书时间。‎ 答案　A ‎2．According to Aubermann，the public bookshelves________.‎ A．are financed by local volunteers B．have been going well since their birth C．were managed by the local government D．will hold more books and take a shorter turnover 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well”可知，公共书架自诞生以来运行良好。根据第二段第四句话可知A项错误，C、D两项文中没有信息支持。‎ 答案　B ‎3．The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to________.‎ A．communities that have many people B．communities that have many tall buildings C．communities that are free to live in D．communities that are of high grade 解析　词义猜测题。根据后面的“poor neighborhoods”的对比可知，upscale neighborhoods指的是高档社区。‎ 答案　D ‎4．Which might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Public Reading Becomes Popular Worldwide B．New Trends of Bookshelves in ‎Germany C．Public Bookshelves Spread Across ‎Germany D．Reading Culture on the Street in ‎Europe 解析　标题概括题。综合本文内容可知，C项“公共书架遍布德国”最适合作为本文的标题。‎ 答案　C Ⅳ.短文改错 Today we had the honor of Professor Smith to give us an English lesson.All of us were deeply by this unforgettable English lesson.The professor began the class an amusing English story，which attracted our at once.He spoke slowly and clearly so that we could follow him well. inspired，most of us took an active part in classroom activities.After class，many students being——— interviewed spoke highly of him.They said never before they experienced interesting a class.From his lesson，we came to conclusion that it is not so difficult to learn English we find a good way.‎