2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：形容词和副词 12页

www.ks5u.com Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are. ‎ 解析：根据句中的than可知，此处应用形容词比较级。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than nonrunners.‎ 解析：根据空后的than和语境可知，此处应该使用副词比较级形式，故填longer。‎ ‎3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He screams the loudest (loud) of all.‎ 解析：根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知此处应用副词最高级。‎ ‎4．(2018·浙江卷)There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.‎ 解析：此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用副词比较级形式，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”。‎ ‎6．(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.‎ 解析：sixteen years earlier表示“早在16年前”。此时的earlier相当于before，一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。‎ ‎7．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, ‎ you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater (great) and less importance.‎ 解析：and连接并列成分，根据后面的less可知，此处要用形容词比较级形式。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.hardly→hard 解析：此处指用力把足球踢回操场。hardly“几乎不用力”；hard“努力地，猛烈地”。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, when I was in the fifth grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.too→very/so 解析：too much意为“太多”，so/very much意为“非常”。此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”，故应用so much或very much。‎ ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.去掉much后的more 解析：better为well(健康；身体好)的比较级形式，不用再加more。‎ ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.larger→large 解析：根据句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前讲话，这里没有比较的含义，故将larger改为large。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.earlier→early 解析：get up early意为“早起”，句中没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川卷)The dishes that I cooked were Mom's favoritest.favoritest→favorite 解析：favorite没有比较级和最高级。‎ ‎(一)形容词与副词比较等级的构成 形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化，有规则与不规则两种。‎ ‎[A]规则变化：‎ 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音 节词 和少 数双 音节 词　‎ 一般加er或est tall long taller longer tallest longest 以e结尾的，只加r或st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母再加er或est big hot fat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先改y为i再加er或est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest 其他双 音节词 和多音 节词　‎ 在前面加more或most difficult beautiful more ‎ difficult more ‎ beautiful most ‎ difficult most ‎ beautiful ‎[名师指津] ‎ 少数双音节词以及er及le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式 common→commoner/more common→commonest/most common ‎[B]不规则变化：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good well better best bad/badly ill worse worst many much more most little less least far farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest ‎(二)形容词与副词比较等级的用法 ‎1．平级比较 ‎(1)用as...as..., not...as/so...as引导 Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)．‎ 亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。‎ Henry does not have as/so many books as I have.‎ 亨利的书不如我的多。‎ ‎(2)as＋形容词＋as＋数量词 ＝ 数量词＋形容词 The building is as tall as 100 meters.‎ ‎＝ The building is 100 meters tall.‎ 这幢楼有‎100米高。‎ ‎2．表示比较的特殊结构 ‎(1)表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”结构。‎ This computer is less expensive than mine.‎ 这部电脑没有我的贵。‎ ‎(2)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“‎ the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，意为“越……越……”。‎ The busier he is, the happier he feels.‎ 他越忙越感到高兴。‎ ‎(3)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。‎ Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.‎ 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。‎ ‎(4)表示“和……一样不……”时，用“no＋比较级＋than”结构。‎ You are no taller than I.‎ 你和我一样矮。‎ ‎(5)注意下列短语的使用：‎ ‎①more than意为“超过，不止，不仅仅；非常”。‎ There are more than fifty students in the class.‎ 这个班有50多个学生。(more than此时多与数词连用)‎ Peace is much more than the absence of war.‎ 和平不仅仅意味着没有战争。(more than此时多与名词连用)‎ She is more than selfish.‎ 她非常自私。(more than此时多与形容词连用)‎ ‎②more...than...意为“与其说……不如说……”。‎ She is more thoughtless than stupid.‎ 与其说她笨，还不如说她粗心大意。‎ ‎③not more than“至多”。‎ I have not more than ten books in my bag.‎ 我的书包里的书不多于10本。‎ ‎④no more than“只有”。‎ I have no more than ten books in my bag.‎ 我的书包里仅有10本书。‎ ‎⑤less than“少于”。‎ It had cost Tom less than five dollars.‎ 汤姆花了不到五美元买了这件东西。‎ ‎⑥no less than“有……之多”。‎ No less than a thousand people came.‎ 来的人竟有一千人之多。‎ ‎⑦not less than“不少于”。‎ He is not less than 80 years old.‎ 他至少80岁了。‎ ‎3．比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 ‎(1)否定式谓语＋比较级 ‎(2)比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ‎(3)比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ‎(4)比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else ‎(5)比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 ‎(6)比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 I have never spent a more worrying day.‎ 这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。‎ I can't agree more.‎ 我完全同意。‎ He is better at English than anything else.‎ 他最擅长英语。‎ Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class.‎ ‎＝Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.‎ 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。‎ ‎4．最高级的句型 ‎(1)形容词最高级(＋名词)＋表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class.‎ 她是我们班最活跃的学生。‎ ‎(2)one of＋形容词最高级＋名词复数 Shanghai‎ is one of the biggest cities in our country.‎ ‎＝Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.‎ 上海是我国最大的城市之一。‎ ‎(3)序数词＋形容词最高级＋名词 Africa‎ is the second largest continent in the world.‎ 非洲是世界上第二大洲。‎ ‎5．比较级和最高级的修饰语 ‎(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。‎ The students study even harder than before.‎ 学生们比以前学习更努力了。‎ ‎(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。‎ I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.‎ 我想买便宜一点的照相机。‎ ‎[名师指津] by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。‎ The book is better by far than that one.‎ 这本书要比那本书好得多。‎ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.‎ 他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。‎ ‎　常用的倍数表达法：‎ ‎(1)倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ‎(2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than ‎(3)倍数＋the＋名词＋of ‎(4)倍数＋what从句 Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.‎ ‎＝Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.‎ 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。‎ The length of road is four times what it was three years ago.‎ 这条路的长度是三年前的4倍。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Enjoy what life throws at you and make the best (well) out of it.‎ ‎2．Ziqi Gao used the later living expenses to change a better (good) hotel for his parents.‎ ‎3．He said the value of the drugs was well over five million pounds and the case needed further (far) investigation.‎ ‎4．In each case it's the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier (heavy) it becomes.‎ ‎5．Of all living things , human beings are the cleverest/most_clever (clever)．‎ ‎6．A 90yearold Kenyan grandmother has become the world's oldest (old) elementary school student.‎ ‎7．If everyone can look at life with this kind of perspective, there would be much fewer (few) problems in the world.‎ ‎8．“Remember, your father is only one year older (old) than you.” That was Mum's usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something foolish.‎ ‎9．A video capturing (捕捉) the reunion between the elephant and her 8monthold baby in Kenya was one of the most_impressive (impressive) scenes in 2012.‎ ‎10．But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much taller (tall)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When we returned, the repairman had finished the work but it cost $100, less than we had earned that day.less→more ‎2．She doesn't play volleyball with her friends any much more.去掉much ‎3．Moreover, it shows that people are becoming richer and the country is much more stronger.去掉more ‎4．Worst still, there are still many children who suffer from hunger.Worst→Worse ‎5．Professor White has written some stories, but he is best known for his plays.best→better ‎6．Of all the subjects that I'm learning at school, I like English better.better→best ‎7．I went home with a heart full of it and was happy than any day at the pool could have made me.happy→happier ‎8．The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be sweetest.sweetest→sweeter ‎9．The price of houses in Beijing is six times high than that in my city.high→higher ‎10．I knew she would get much use out of it than me.much→more或much后加more Ⅲ.阅读短文，并用所给词的适当形式填空 green， convenient， private， public， necessary， heat， recent， many ‎__1__ we have had a __2__ discussion about how to solve the city traffic jams and the serious city pollution.‎ First of all, in order to solve the problem, some of us suggest that we shouldn't drive our __3__ cars too often if it is not very __4__， and that people should share a car with others when necessary. As for the government, some suggest that the government should try to improve the __5__ transport system in order to make it __6__ for citizens. Also, some ‎ people suggest that the government should build __7__ lanes in order to encourage __8__ people to ride bikes. Only in these ways can we save money, time and energy and protect the environment.‎ ‎1．Recently　2.heated　3.private　4.necessary ‎5．public　6.more_convenient　7.more_green　8.more Ⅳ.语法填空 On January 25, 2020, over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival. The ancient tradition, __1__ date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year, is the __2__ (long) and most important of all Chinese festivals.‎ The preparations will __3__ (official) begin with Little Year on January 17, 2019. It is observed with a day of memorial and prayer ceremonies. Other Little Year activities include cleaning the house __4__ (sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—on doorways for wealth. Since red __5__ (believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away, it can be noticed in everything from clothing to __6__ (lantern) used to decorate houses.‎ Often __7__ (consider) the most important meal of the year, the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition. __8__ whole chicken symbolizes family togetherness, while long uncut noodles show longevity (长寿). Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rolls. Children receive red envelopes filled __9__ money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the __10__ (amaze) fireworks shows.‎ The twoweek long celebrations will end on February 8—the day of the full moon—with the Lantern Festival.‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们如何庆祝中国的传统节日——春节。‎ ‎1．whose　‎ 解析：考查定语从句。先行词是the ancient tradition，__1__ date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21‎ ‎ and February 20 each year是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。‎ ‎2．longest　‎ 解析：考查形容词比较等级。与and后的 most important 并列，因此用最高级，所以填longest。‎ ‎3．officially　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词短语begin with，用副词形式。‎ ‎4．to_sweep　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。作目的状语，用动词不定式，所以填to sweep。‎ ‎5．is_believed　‎ 解析：考查时态和语态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，red和believe之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。‎ ‎6．lanterns　‎ 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：由于红色被认为可以辟邪，所以从衣服到装饰房屋的灯笼，红色无处不在。lantern为可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示复数意义，应用名词复数形式。‎ ‎7．considered　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。the reunion dinner和consider之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎8．A　‎ 解析：考查冠词。句意：一整只鸡象征着家庭团聚。泛指“一整只鸡”，whole的首字母发音是辅音，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎9．with　‎ 解析：考查介词。句意：孩子们会收到长辈们的红包，里面装满了钱和鼓舞人心的信息，他们经常被允许熬夜看令人吃惊的烟花表演。be filled with装满，所以填with。‎ ‎10．amazing　‎ 解析：‎ 考查词性转换。句意：孩子们会收到长辈们的红包，里面装满了钱和鼓舞人心的信息，他们经常被允许熬夜看令人吃惊的烟花表演。此处修饰名词fireworks shows，用形容词，以ed结尾的形容词表示人的感受，以ing结尾的形容词修饰物，所以填amazing。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 I can still clear remember I was once asked to make the speech before the whole class. You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eye fixed to me. I had no choice but prepare for it, though. The most hardest part was my oral presentation from my memory, for reading from the paper wasn't allowing. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs trembled and my mind blank. So my listeners were waiting patiently. Gradually, I found me back, giving my speech at last. Then I heard all the listeners applauding loudly. Ever since then, my fear of speaking before the audience had disappeared. Actually, now I've become a great speaker!‎ 答案