高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题四语法填空第二节方法运用于命题 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 第二节 方法运用于命题 语法填空的常考命题 1．实词之动词 对于动词的考查，一般是给出动词的原形，根据句子结构的需要填出其正确的形式。填什么 样的动词形式，首先要考虑句子的主谓结构，确定主句之后，剩下的部分，如有连词，则是 句子，仍然有主谓结构，否则就用非谓语动词；如果是谓语，就考虑动词的时态、语态、主 谓一致；如果是非谓语动词，就考虑主动、被动、有无先后关系。 2．实词之其他词性 在语法填空中，常常给出一个提示词要求用它的正确形式填空：(1)对于名词的考查，主要涉 及名词的用法、语境中词性的判断、词性的转化；(2)对于代词的考查，主要涉及不定代词和 替代词的用法，it 的用法和人称代词宾格；(3)对于形容词、副词的考查，主要涉及形容词 作定语，形容词和副词的比较等级等；(4)对于定语从句的考查，主要涉及关系代词和关系副 词；(5)对于名词性从句的考查，主要涉及连接代词和连接副词。 3．虚词 虚词主要包括冠词、介词和连词等。(1)对于冠词的考查，主要涉及其基本用法、抽象名词具 体化以及一些固定用法；(2)对于介词的考查，主要涉及介词同名词、代词、动词等构成的介 词短语搭配；(3)对于连词的考查，主要涉及引导各种从句的从属连词和并列句中的并列连词。 点津 在高考命题当中，无论是考查实词还是虚词，在解此类题时，往往是多种方法并用， 而不是仅仅拘泥于一种方法。 (2017·全国Ⅰ) There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease ， has had some unintended side 62.________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63.________(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 64.________(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65.________ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66.________(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67.________(be) full of fat and salt； by 68.________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 69.________(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything ， it is possible to have too much of both,70.________ is not good for the health. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了低脂、低盐饮食的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。 61．答案 as 解析 考查虚词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。此处指“作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法”，所以 用介词 as。 62．答案 effects 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。side effect 副作用，由前面 的 some 和下文中的两个例子 overweight and heart disease 可知名词 effect 用复数形式 effects。 63．答案 to process 解析 考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某 事，此处用了被动语态，所以填动词不定式 to process。 64．答案 are removed 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时， 由于主语 fat and salt 是复数概念，且与 remove 是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语 态结构 are removed。 65．答案 a 解析 考查虚词，运用固定用法填充法解答该题。as a result 结果，是固定搭配。 66．答案 worse 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。根据语境可 知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse 更糟糕的是，可以看作固定搭配。 67．答案 is 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般 现在时；句子的主语 fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式 is。 68．答案 eating 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。介词 by 之后接动名词作宾语。 69．答案 careful 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。be 之后接形容词作表语，care 的形容词形式是 careful。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 70．答案 which 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填 词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词 which。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 (2017·全国Ⅱ) In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,63.________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced. Steam engines 65.________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However， the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 67.________ every day. Later，engineers 68.________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 69.________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public. 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦地铁的发展。 61．答案 crowds 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。crowd 是可数名词，且前面没 有限定词，故应用复数形式。 62．答案 from 解析 考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。travel to and from work 上下班。 63．答案 laying 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。included 后的 dig，lay，build 是三个并列的动作，根据 digging 及 building 可知，lay 也应用动名词形 式。 64．答案 the 解析 考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词 the。 65．答案 were used 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。steam engines 与 use 之间是被动 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。 66．答案 fairly 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。所填词修饰形容词 unpleasant， 故用 fair 的副词形式 fairly。 67．答案 it 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。use 是及物动词，其后接宾语， 此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，此处用 it 指代上文提到的 the railway。 68．答案 managed 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情， 故用一般过去时。 69．答案 introduction 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。空格前是 the，其后接名词。 introduce 的名词形式是 introduction。 70．答案 successful 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。“one of the＋形容词最高级 ＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填 success 的形容词形式 successful。 跟踪训练 1 (2017·全国Ⅲ) She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.________(rest)．Instead，she is earning ￡6,500 a day as 2.________ model in New York. Sarah 3.______________(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full-time.But Sarah,4.________ has taken part in shows along with top models， wants 5.________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 6.________(educate)． She has turned down several 7.________(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 8.________ engineering or architecture. Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 9.________(come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 10.________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don’t want to have 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.” 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 16 岁的萨拉作为一名模特表现出色，她父亲想让 她放弃学业专心从事模特行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，不想在模特行业投入太多精力。 1．答案 resting 解析 考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定用 法，意为“花时间做某事”。 2．答案 a 解析 考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每 天收入 6 500 英镑。用不定冠词 a 表泛指。 3．答案 has been told/was told 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知” 她能成为英国新的超级名模，此处可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。 4．答案 who 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。引导词代替先行词在定语从句 中作主语，且指人，故用 who。 5．答案 to prove 解析 考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。want to do sth.想要做某事，为固定搭 配。 6．答案 education 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。形容词性物主代词 her 应该用 来修饰名词，educate 的名词形式是 education。 7．答案 invitations 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。several 几个，其后的可数名 词要用复数形式。 8．答案 in 解析 考查虚词。运用固定用法填充法解答该题。关于某个专业的学位要用介词 in。a degree in engineering or architecture 工程学或建筑学学位。 9．答案 comes 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现 在时。 10．答案 certainly 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 fun，certain 的副词形式为 certainly。 2 (2017·浙江) Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 11.________(carrot) and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer，and she noticed a 12.________(shine) object.Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. Pahlsson screamed 13.________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 14.________(I)，” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 15.________(early) ， Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 16.________(cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later，it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten，eight，and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn’t.Pahlsson and her husband 17.________(search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says.She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 18.________(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，19.________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.For Pahlsson， its return was 20.________ wonder. 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Lena 丢失多年的钻戒竟然在打理花园时不经意地 出现了。多么令人激动啊！ 11．答案 carrots 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。a handful of 一把，几个，后 接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots 几个胡萝卜。 12．答案 shiny/shining 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。空格处修饰名词 object，故用 形容词。shine 的形容词形式为 shiny 或 shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。 13．答案 so 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用逻辑关系填充法解答该题。分析句子结构可知，so 与后面 的 that 构成 so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。so 修饰副词 loudly。 14．答案 myself 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。句意为：她原本以为我伤到了 自己。 15．答案 earlier 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。sixteen years earlier 意为 “早在 16 年前”。 16．答案 to cook 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。Pahlsson 当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为 了做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。 17．答案 searched 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据该句中 but 后的 turned up 可 知使用了过去式，search 是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。 18．答案 swept 解析 考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。get swept 被扫掉。 19．答案 where 解析 考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法及固定用法填充法解答该题。分析句子结 构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 the garden，且从句中缺少地点 状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。 20．答案 a 解析 考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。a wonder 一个奇迹。