2018届一轮复习北师大版必修4Unit11Themedia学案(6) 16页

类别 课标要点 重 点 单 词 ‎1. n．　　　　　　　大众传播媒介，传媒　　　　　　　　2. adj.　　　　　　　 　当前的，现在的 ‎3． n. 贫穷，穷困 4. n. 改革，改良 ‎5． vt. 要求，请求 6. n. 方法，方式 ‎7． vt. 宣布，宣告 8. n. 委员会 ‎9． vt. 出版，发行 10. vt. 责怪，归咎于 ‎11． vt.& n. 尝试，试图 ‎ ‎12. n. 过程，进程 ‎13． vt. 假装 14. n. 态度，看法 ‎15． vt.& vi. 打断；打扰 ‎ ‎16. vt. 结束，作出结论 ‎17． vi. 发生，出现 ‎ ‎18. n. 信仰，信心，信任 ‎19． n. (作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事 20. adj. 天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的 media current poverty ‎ reform approach demand announce committee publish ‎ blame attempt ‎ process pretend ‎ attitude interrupt conclude arise ‎ belief consideration innocent 常 用 短 语 ‎1. 　代表，支持　　　 　 　　　　　　　　‎ ‎2. 　支持，赞同 ‎3． 由……组成 ‎4. 详细地 ‎5． 参加 ‎ ‎6. 对……做出评论 ‎7． 帮助做事，帮助克服困难 ‎ ‎8. 继续干 ‎9． 把……归功于…… ‎ ‎10. 挡……的路 stand__for in__favor__of consist__of ‎ in__detail ‎ participate__in ‎ comment__on ‎ help__out ‎ go__ahead__with ‎ owe...to... ‎ in__the__way ‎ 典 型 句 式 ‎1.However， advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.‎ 然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和服务的。‎ ‎2． is going to __________ a historical meeting this year...‎ 今年的会议将会作为一个历史性的会议留在人们的记忆中，……‎ ‎3．The British law says that is legal ___ ‎ ‎______ of famous people in public.‎ 英国法律规定在公共场合拍名人的照片是合法的。‎ ‎4． is just the name of a company...可能只是一家公司的名字，……‎ ‎5． the advertising boom，people ____ ‎ ‎ high standards of visual design.‎ 因为广告的繁荣，人们习惯于看到高水准的视觉设计。‎ not all It be ‎ remembered as ‎ it to take photographs ‎ It likely to ‎ be Because of are ‎ used to ‎ seeing arise vi.出现；发生；起身，起床 How did this quarrel arise?‎ 这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的？‎ He arose from his seat.他从座位上站起来。‎ Accidents often arise from carelessness.‎ 事故往往是由疏忽大意而引起的。‎ ‎(1)作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为以下抽象名词：argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement ‎(2)arise from由……而引起，由……而产生；从……中产生　‎ 原形 过去式 过去分词 v.ing arise (vi.)出现，发生，起因于 arose arisen arising arouse (vt.)唤醒，激起 aroused aroused arousing rise (vi.)升起，起身，增长，上升 rose risen rising raise (vt.)举起，唤起，提高，饲养 raised raised raising arise，arouse，rise与raise用法比较：‎ For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.‎ 三天来，村子的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。‎ ‎1.完成句子 这就是分歧产生的地方。 ‎ This is the point______________________.‎ ‎【答案】　where the difference arises sth.satisfy sb.某事使某人满意 sb.be satisfied with sb./sth.＝be pleased with；be content with某人对某人/事满意 satisfy sb.’s demand/hope/desire 符合某人的要求/希望/欲望 sth.be satisfying/satisfactory某事是令人满意的 to one’s satisfaction使某人感到满意的是 The couple are always doing what they can to satisfy their children.这对夫妇总是尽力满足孩子们的要求。‎ His progress is far from (being) satisfactory.‎ 他取得的进展远不能令人满意。‎ Much to our satisfaction，we all passed the exam.‎ 令我们非常满意的是，我们考试都过关了。‎ be content to do sth.甘心做某事 be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事 I’m pleased to help you with your homework.‎ 我很高兴帮你做作业。‎ ‎2.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does________his boss.‎ A．serves　　　　　　　　　B．satisfies C．promises D．supports ‎【解析】　句意为：Nick正在寻找另一工作，因为他觉得他做的任何事情都不能令老板满意。‎ ‎【答案】　B announce vt.宣布 announce sth.to sb.向某人宣布某事 announce (to sb.) that……(向某人)宣布……‎ John announced to us his engagement to Mary.‎ 约翰向我们宣布他和玛丽订婚的消息。‎ announce与declare用法比较：‎ ‎(1)announce指正式地“公开；发表；宣布”，侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息。‎ ‎(2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。后可跟复合结构。‎ In 1897 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.1897年他们宣布他们相信在自然界存在着能发出辐射的某种东西。‎ They declared him (to be) a traitor to the country.‎ 他们公开宣布他是国家的叛徒。‎ ‎3.A warm sunshine________the coming of spring.‎ A．declares B．announces C．predicts D．publishes ‎【解析】　declare多指正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，主语多为人或机构；predict意为“预测”；publish指以口头或印刷品的方式让群众知道，多指后者；announce除表示“宣布、宣告”之外，还可用于抽象意义，意思为“显示，预示”，主语为事物。‎ ‎【答案】　B blame vt.& n．责备 ‎ blame sb.for sth./blame sth.on sb.‎ 责备某人某事 be to blame for sth.(对某坏事)负责任 put/lay blame on由……承担责任 They blamed him for the accident.‎ ‎＝They blamed the accident on him.‎ ‎＝He was to blame for the accident.‎ 事故责任应归咎于他。‎ accuse sb.of...指责某人做某事 charge sb.with控告某人做某事 The lawyer accused the man of robbery.‎ 律师指控那人抢劫。‎ ‎4.The mother didn’t know who________for the broken glass.‎ A．will blame B．to blame C．blamed D．blames ‎【解析】　be to blame意为“该受责备，应负责任”，以主动语态表“该受责备”这种被动意义。句中who是blame的宾语。又如：The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.这项政策应对造成欧洲严重失业承担部分责任。‎ ‎【答案】　B attempt vt.试图，企图；n.企图，努力，尝试 attempt to do sth.试图做某事 attempt on sb.’s life企图杀害某人 make an attempt to do sth.试图做某事 make an attempt at doing sth.试图(尝试)做某事 make an attempt on试图夺取 at one’s first attempt某人第一次尝试　‎ He attempted to become a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games，but failed for his poor English.他曾试图成为一名2008年奥运会志愿者，但因英语差没能实现。‎ His parents made an attempt to send their son abroad for further education.他父母曾试图送他出国深造。‎ The woman told the policeman someone made an attempt on her life.那位妇女告诉警察有人企图要她的命。‎ try与attempt用法比较：‎ ‎(1)try是普通用词，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；后接不定式表示“努力做某事”“企图做某事”；后接动名词表示“尝试着做某事”。‎ ‎(2)attempt常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。后接不定式意为“试图做某事”。‎ attempt用做可数名词，前面常加不定冠词an；‎ attempt用做前置定语时，意为：未遂的；意图的。‎ ‎5.He has been preparing carefully for his English examination so that he could be sure of passing it at his first________.‎ A．purpose B．desire C．attempt D．intention ‎【解析】　此题考查词义辨析。purpose目的，意图；desire愿望，请求；attempt尝试；intention目的；意图。句意为“他一直都在认真准备英语考试以确保一次通过”。‎ ‎【答案】　C pretend v．假装 pretend to do sth.假装做某事 pretend sth.假装某物 pretend to be＋n./adj.假装是……‎ pretend to be doing...假装正在做……‎ pretend to have done...假装已经做了……‎ pretend＋that假装……‎ He pretended to have finished his task.‎ 他假装已完成了他的任务。‎ When the teacher came in，the students pretended to be reading.‎ 当老师进来时，学生们假装在读书。‎ pretend not to do sth.假装没有做某事 Mary pretended not to see me when I passed by.‎ 我经过时，玛丽装作没有看见。‎ ‎6.Mike pretended________his homework when his mother came in.‎ A．to do B．have done C．did D．to be doing ‎【答案】　D increase v．& n．提高；增加 ‎ increase the speed加速 increase (vi.) to增加到多少 increase (vi.) by增加了多少 an increase (n.) in production (number，population)‎ 生产(数量，人口)增加 get an increase in wages获得加薪 Don’t increase your speed in the crowded street.‎ 在这拥挤的大街上不要轻易加速。‎ His reading speed has increased to 80 words a minute.‎ 他的阅读速度已提高到每分钟80词。‎ reduce vt.减少 decrease n．，vt.& vi.减少 on the decrease在减少中 The number of car accidents is on the decrease.‎ 车祸的数量正在减少。‎ ‎7.Over the years，there has been________increase in the number of students in the country，but the number of school teachers is on ________decrease.‎ A．an；a B．the；the C．an；the D．the；a ‎【答案】　C approach n．方法，方式；途径，通道；vt.接近 the approach to sth.做某事的方法，去某处的通道 the approach of……的来临，……的临近 make an approach to对……进行探讨 a new approach to teaching languages 教授语言的新方法。　, ‎ As they approached the wood a rabbit ran out of the trees.‎ 他们走近树林的时候，一只兔子从树丛里跑了出来。‎ The leaves were turning brown with the approach of autumn.‎ 随着秋天的临近，树叶变成了褐色。‎ approach，method与way用法比较：‎ approach指处理某事的具体的方法、步骤，与介词to连用；‎ method指有理论的或系统的、详细的方法。构成method of doing sth.结构；‎ way“方法”的普通用语，侧重简便方法或途径。构成the way to do/of doing sth.结构。‎ The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。‎ The farmer has developed a new method of growing food.‎ 这个农民掌握了新的种植方法。‎ I thought of a way of solving/to solve the problem.‎ 我想出了解决这个问题的方法。‎ ‎8.The next day all the explorers and scientists made a scientific________to the subject.‎ A．approach B．means C．method D．way ‎【答案】　A record vt.& n．记录，录音 ‎　‎ The teachers keep records of the children’s progress.‎ 老师把孩子们的进度记录下来。‎ She set a record (broke the record) for long distance swimming.‎ 她创下了(打破了)长距离游泳的记录。‎ keep a record/records of sth.＝record sth.记录 set (up) a record for创……记录 break/beat the record打破记录 off the record 非正式 note down＝write down＝set down记下 Have you noted down what I said？我说的话你记下来了吗？‎ ‎9.Information records，for example of patients with the same illness，________on computer now.‎ A．are made B．are sent C．are kept D．are set ‎【解析】　“保持记录”应译为keep records of sth.，本句中的records同keep之间存在被动关系。‎ ‎【答案】　C advertise vt.& vi.登广告，公告，为……做广告 advertise a meeting/a concert/a job 公布(宣传)一次会议/一场音乐会/一项工作 Advertise on TV 在电视上做广告 ‎ in a newspaper在报纸上登广告 advertise soap/one’s house宣传肥皂/某人的房子 advertise for sb./sth.‎ 在报刊等上面登征求某人或某物的广告 I must advertise for a new secretary.‎ 我得刊登广告聘请一位新秘书。‎ advertisement n．[U] 登广告，做广告；[C] 广告；公告 advertiser n．[C] 登广告的人 If you want to sell your old sofa，why not put an advertisement in the local paper?‎ 你若打算卖掉旧沙发，何不在本地报纸上登个广告呢？‎ ‎10.Nowadays，some stars like________because they can________a lot of money.‎ A．advertisements；bring B．advertising；make C．to advertise；earn D．making advertisement；make ‎【解析】　该题针对当前社会上的现象进行解析。advertise既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，此题中，明星们喜欢做广告这一活动，属泛指，故第一空用动名词，第二空make money是固定搭配，有“赚钱”之意。‎ ‎【答案】　B respect vt.& n．尊重，重视，问候 show respect for sb./sth.尊敬/重……‎ have respect for...尊敬/重……‎ in this respect在这个方面 in all/many respects在各个/许多方面 in respect of sth.关于……，就……而言 respect sb./sth.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人/某事　‎ Have some respect for your parents.对你父母尊敬一些吧。‎ If they had any respect for human life，they wouldn’t do such terrible things.如果他们对人命还稍有尊重的话就不会做出这样可怕的事来。‎ He will be paid ￡100 in respect of the work he has done.‎ 将付给他100英镑作为对他的工作的报酬。‎ With respect to your other proposals，I am not yet able to tell you our decision.考虑到你的其他建议，我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。‎ respectable adj.体面的；值得尊敬的 respectability n．体面；名望，得体 respectful adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的 respective adj.个别的，各自的 ‎11.No one imagined that the apparently________businessman was really a criminal.‎ A．respectant B．respective C．respectable D．respecting ‎【答案】　C ahead adj.& adv.在前；提前 go ahead前进，干吧，说吧 go ahead with sth.继续某事 get ahead of超过，胜过 ahead of time＝in advance提前 ahead of sb./sth.(位置)在前面；(指时间)之前；比……先进 Please go ahead with the work.请继续工作。‎ The time in London is five hours ahead of the time in New York.‎ 伦敦的时间比纽约时间早五个小时。‎ She was always well ahead of the rest of the class.‎ 她在班上总是遥遥领先。‎ go on with...＝go on doing...继续……‎ go on to do...接着做……‎ After a dictation，they went on to deal with the text.‎ 听写完后，他们接着处理课文内容。‎ ‎12.—Do you mind if I use your taperecorder?‎ ‎—________.‎ A．Certainly，please do B．No，you can’t use it C．Yes，of course not D．No，go ahead ‎【解析】　对Do you mind...？的答语，“No”表示“不介意”；“Yes”则含有“介意”的意思。A、B、C答语都前后矛盾。go ahead意为“不介意，请用”。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎13．(2009年安徽卷)—Could you be so kind as to close the window?‎ ‎—________.‎ A．With pleasure B．Go ahead C．Yes，please D．That’s OK ‎【解析】　句意为：——请你关上窗户好吗？——好的。With pleasure表示十分愿意；Go ahead表示同意；That’s OK表示不用谢或者没关系。‎ ‎【答案】　A demand vt.要求，请求；n.要求；需求 demand＋n./pron.要求；需要 demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)do”的形式 demand sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物 I demand to see the manager to change the suit.‎ 我坚决要求见经理更换这套西服。‎ I demand that one of you (should) go there at once.‎ 我要求你们中有一人立即到那里去。‎ a demand for sth.要求某物 meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需要 in demand需求大 on demand一经要求 Relief supplies are in great demand in Sichuan areas.‎ 四川地区需要大量救援物资。‎ ‎14.完成句子 ‎(1)He demanded an immediate answer________you.‎ ‎(2)There is a demand________teachers in this town.‎ ‎【答案】　(1)of/from　(2)for associate...with...把……与……联想在一起 associate with...与……为友，结交……‎ associate oneself with sth.支持/同意某事 be associated with与……有联系/关系 ‎＝have something to do with Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.‎ 人们常把威士忌同苏格兰联系起来。‎ be connected with...‎ be related to... 与……有联系/关系 I am not related to this accident.我和这场事故没有什么关系。‎ ‎15.The cancer risks________with smoking have been well documented.‎ A．combined B．associated C．caused D．joined ‎【答案】　B in favor of支持；赞成 ‎ be in one’s favor得到某人的尊重/赞同 be out of one’s favor没得到某人的尊重/赞同 do sb.a favour (＝do a favour for sb.)帮某人一个忙 do sb.the favour to do sth.帮助某人做某事 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 Your plan is in our favor.我们尊重你的计划。‎ Please do me the favour to open the door.‎ 请帮忙把门打开。‎ favourable adj.赞成的；同意的 favourite adj.& n．特别受喜爱的(人/物)‎ Is he favourable to/towards this proposal?‎ 他支持这项建议吗？‎ ‎16.You are really very kind.I’ll never forget the________you have done for me.‎ A．favour B．deed C．help D．kind ‎【解析】　do a favour for sb.为固定搭配。该句只不过是将favour提前作为先行词，you have done for me是定语从句。‎ ‎【答案】　A belong to 属于，是……的成员 belongings n．(全)所有物、财产 belong to sb.属于某人的 Take all your belongings away when leaving.‎ 离开时，把所有的东西都带走。‎ She belongs to this school.她是这个学校的成员。‎ belong用法特点：‎ ‎(1)belong含有持续过程的意思，不能用进行时；‎ ‎(2)belong是不及物动词，没有含被动意味的过去分词。‎ This book belongs to me.这本书是我的。‎ Where do you belong (to)？你是哪里人？‎ ‎17.Our neighbouring country，India，is one________the third world.‎ A．belongs to B．belonged to C．belonging to D．belonged ‎【解析】　belonging to the third world＝that belongs to the third world。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎...more and more people dislike what they do.‎ ‎……有越来越多的人不喜欢他们的所做所为。‎ ‎“adj./adv.的比较级＋and＋adj./adv.的比较级”或“more＋and＋more＋adj./adv.”是双重比较结构，表示持续不断的变化，意为“越来越……”。‎ She is getting thinner and thinner.她变得越来越瘦了。‎ We are going more and more slowly.我们越走越慢了。‎ the more...，the more...越……越……‎ The more you know，the more you will realize how little you know.‎ 知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得多么有限。‎ The sooner，the better.越快越好。‎ The older I get，the happier I am.我越老越幸福。‎ ‎18.完成句子 With the development of our economy，our environment is becoming________________________________(越来越美)．‎ ‎【答案】　more and more beautiful According to the research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意 ‎ as long as 只要，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎ I will lend it to you as long as you handle it with care.‎ 只要你小心使用，我会借给你。‎ As long as you give me some money，I will let you go.‎ 只要你给我一些钱，我就让你走。‎ as long as可以表示“长达……”，肯定句常用as long as，否定句则可用not as/so long as。‎ Your hair is not as long as mine.你的头发不如我的长。‎ ‎19.—How do you find a new job?‎ ‎—I don’t care what it is________I can make a living.‎ A．unless B．even if C．while D．as long as ‎【答案】　D ‎20．(2009年北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.‎ A．so far as B．so long as C．in case D．even if ‎【解析】　句意为：你可以任意使用这个房间，只要你之后打扫干净。so far as就……而言；so long as＝as long as表示唯一条件“只要”；in case以防，万一；even if即使，尽管。‎ ‎【答案】　B No matter what the government say，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.‎ 无论政府怎么说，很清楚，飞机场也会影响我们的健康。‎ no matter what＝whatever，引导一个让步状语从句，译作“无论……”。‎ Keep calm，whatever/no matter what happens.‎ 不论出什么事，都要镇静。‎ Whatever you may say，I will carry out my plan.‎ 无论你说什么，我都会执行我的计划。(作宾语)‎ Whatever difficulties we may meet with，we will go on with the work.不管遇到什么困难，我们都会继续工作。(作定语)‎ Whatever除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导主语从句和宾语从句，相当于anything that...，这时不能和no matter what互换。‎ Whatever is left over is yours.‎ 剩下来的所有的都是你的。‎ You may do whatever you want to do.‎ 无论你想做什么事，你都可以做。‎ You can buy whatever you want if you have enough money.‎ 如果你有足够的钱，你就可以买你所需要的任何东西。‎ ‎21.You can take________ you want from those books if you prove to be a member of our club.‎ A．no matter how B．however C．whatever D．no matter what ‎【解析】　whatever引导的是take后面的宾语从句，同时还要作want的宾语；however表示方式。‎ ‎【答案】　C However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.‎ 然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而销售产品和服务的。‎ 该句中not all...为部分否定，意为“并非都……”。‎ 英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，complete，completely，always，whole，wholly，entirely，altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。‎ Not both brothers are here.兄弟俩并不都在这里。‎ Not every man is honest.并不是每个人都诚实。‎ He does not always play volleyball.他并不总是打排球。‎ Your composition is not altogether bad；the spelling is good but the grammar is poor.‎ 你的作文并非都不好，拼写很好，不过语法差。‎ The whole plan does not want changing.‎ 并非全部计划都需要改变。‎ 英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。‎ Nothing is ready.一切都没准备好。‎ No one knows it.没有人知道这件事。‎ Nobody agrees with you.没有人会同意你(的意见)。‎ Neither answer is correct.两种答案都不对。‎ None of these things are mine.这些东西都不是我的。‎ ‎22.—Is the book interesting?‎ ‎—Yes，but I’m sure it won’t interest________.‎ A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody ‎【答案】　A ‎23．(2016年上海卷)—Wow！You’ve got so many clothes.‎ ‎—But________of them are in fashion now.‎ A．all B．both C．neither D．none ‎【解析】　句意为：——哇！你衣服真多啊！——但是现在没一件跟得上潮流。根据句意，but 引导转折句，空格处应用否定词none。‎ ‎【答案】　D