2020版一轮复习北师大版必修4Unit11TheMedia单元学案（36页） 36页

(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1．scene n．　　　　　　　　 场面，场景 2．load n. 满满一车；很多；工作量 3．agenda n. 议程 4．publish vt. 出版，发行 5．self­employed adj. 自己经营的 6．host n. 主人；主办(国/城市/机构) 　vt. 主办 7．corporation n. 公司 8．brand n. 商标，牌子 9．budget n. 预算 10．spokesman n．[纵联 1] 发言人 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1．legal adj. 合法的，与法律有关的 2．distinction n. 特质；殊荣；区别 3．consideration n. (作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事 4._pretend vt. 假装 5．harmful_ adj. 有害的 6．blame vt. 责怪，归咎于 7．approach n. 方法，方式 8．attempt n. &vt. 试图，尝试 9．demand_ vt. 要求，请求 10．current adj. 当前的，现在的 11．affair n. 事情，事件 12．widespread adj. 广泛的 13．protection n. 保护，防卫 14．arise vi.　　[纵联 2] 发生，出现 15．process n. 过程，进程 16．profit n. 利润，收益 17．attitude n. 态度，看法 18．sightseeing n. 游览，观光 19．argument n. [纵联 3] 争论；理由 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1 ． respect vt.& n ． 尊 敬 ， 尊 重 →respected adj. 受 人 敬 重 的 →respectable adj.值得敬重的→respectful adj.恭敬的，表示尊敬的 2．delighted adj.高兴的，愉快的→delight vt.使愉快 n．快乐，高 兴→delightful adj.令人高兴的 3．application n．申请(书)；应用→applicant n ．申请人→apply vi.申请 4．employ vt.雇用→employment n ．雇用→unemployment n．失 业→employer n．雇主→employee n．雇员 5．analysis n．分析→analyse vt.分析 6．encouragement n．鼓励→encourage vt.鼓励 7．defend vt.保卫，防御；为……辩解→defence n．保卫；防卫 8．advertiser n ．广告人→advertise vt.为……做广告，登广告 →advertisement n．广告 9．contribution n ．贡献，捐助→contribute vt.贡献→contributor n．贡献者，捐献者 10．innocent adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的→innocence n．清 白，无罪 11．conclude vt.结束；做出结论→conclusion n．结论，终结 纵联 1.以“­man”结尾的职业名词 ①postman 邮递员 ②policeman 警察 ③workman 劳动者 ④dustman 清洁工 ⑤spaceman 宇航员 ⑥fisherman 渔夫 ⑦businessman 商人 ⑧spokesman 发言人 ⑨sportsman 运动员 ⑩salesman 销售员 ⑪statesman 政治家 纵联 2.“发生”词汇集汇 ①arise 发生；出现 ②occur 出现；发生 ③happen(偶然)发生 ④come about 产生，发生 ⑤take place 产生，发生 ⑥break out 突然发生 ⑦come up 发生 ⑧crop up 突然发生 ⑨befall 发生，降临 纵联 3.以后缀“­ment”结尾的名词 ①encouragement 鼓励 ②disagreement 分歧 ③development 发展 ④announcement 公告 ⑤adjustment 调整 ⑥punishment 惩罚 ⑦settlement 解决 ⑧achievement 完成 ⑨employment 雇用 ⑩argument 争论；理由 单元话题——新闻媒体 子话题 1　报刊名称 ①trade paper 商界报纸 ②Newspaper Week 新闻周刊 ③daily 日报 ④morning edition 晨报 ⑤government organ 官报 ⑥Sunday features 周日特刊 ⑦popular paper 大众报纸 子话题 2　报刊栏目 ①the front page 头版 ②bulldog edition 晨版 ③headline 标题 ④banner headline 头号大标题 ⑤big news 头条新闻 ⑥scoop 特讯 ⑦hot news 最新新闻 ⑧city news 社会新闻 ⑨criticism 评论 ⑩review comment 时评 ⑪book review 书评 ⑫feature 特写，花絮 子话题 3　新闻工作人员 ①publisher 发行人 ②bureau/copy chief 总编辑 ③editor­in­chief 总主编 ④editor 编辑，主笔 ⑤columnist 专栏作家 ⑥correspondent 通讯员 ⑦contributor 投稿家 ⑧journalist 新闻记者 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 1 ． (2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ 阅 读 B)These advertise❶ the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick 　 ❷ 　 (start) calling as well.I gave the owner❸ as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. ①写出加黑词在本单元的表示人的同根名词：advertiser ②用所给词的适当形式填空：to_start ③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：host 2 ． (2016· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ 阅 读 七 选 五 )But it doesn't happen 　 ❶　 accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect❷ to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process❸. ①处应填介词：by，构成短语 by_accident，意为偶然 ②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：尊敬，尊重 ③写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：过程，进程 3．(2016·10 月浙江高考阅读 C)More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers❶ may be missing a low­cost way❷ to give workers something of value. Sixty­four percent of those survey participants who haven't worked remotely would rather give up some bonus❸ in order to get even one day a week working from home. ①写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：employ ②写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：approach ③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：profit 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)有一个普遍关心的问题：排名的优 缺点是密切相关的。因此，服务和质量是两个主要考虑的问题。 (widespread, consideration) There_is_a_widespread_concern_over_the_issue_that_the_advantag es_and_disadvantages_of_ratings_are_often_closely_related._Therefore, _service_and_quality_are_the_two_chief_considerations. 2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)更甚的是，沿河风景非常美，有许 多著名的观光景点。这就是为什么我认为长江之旅是一个比较好的尝 试。(sightseeing, attempt) Moreover,_the_scenery_along_the_river_is_amazing,_with_many_ well­known_sightseeing_spots._That's_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_ Yangtze_River_is_a_better_attempt. 3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)这是我第一次作为一位申请人写申 请书，所以我给你写信是希望你能给予我一些帮助。如果那样的话我 将非常高兴。(application, delighted) This_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_written_an_application_as_an_ applicant,_so_I'm_writing_you_the_letter,_hoping_you_can_give_me_so me_help._If_so,_I_will_be_delighted. (二)课堂重点释疑 1．demand vt.要求，请求；需要 n．要求；需求(量)，需要 [记牢] (1)demand to do sth.　　　　　　 要求做某事 demand sth.of/from sb. 向某人要某物 demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事 (2)meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的要求 in demand 非常需要的；受欢迎的 (3)demanding adj. 要求高的，要求严格的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①The workers in this factory demanded to_raise (raise) their salary. ② The UN has demanded that all troops (should)_be_withdrawn (withdraw)． ③Yesterday evening, the couple came to my house and demanded help of/from me. ④A lot of goods are_in_demand before Christmas. ⑤ Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding (demand) language skills in exchange for work permits. 完成句子 ⑥ The key to solving the problem is to_meet/satisfy_the_demands made by the customers. 解决问题的关键是满足顾客提出的要求。 一句多译 经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。 ⑦ The_manager_demanded_that_the_workers_(should)_work_extra_hours_ to_complete_the_task_ahead_of_time.(demand that) ⑧ The_workers_were_demanded_to_work_extra_hours_to_complete_the_t ask_ahead_of_time_by_the_manager. (demand to do sth.) [用准]　demand 后不接不定式作宾语补足语，即不能说 demand sb.to do sth.。 [写美] ⑨(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)看完短片后，要求每个班讨论并且所 有的学生评论和谈谈观后感。 After_the_short_film,_it_is_demanded_that_each_class_should_hav e_a_discussion_and_all_the_students_be_expected_to_make_comments_ and_express_their_views_about_the_film. 2．blame vt.责怪，归咎于 n.过失；责备 [记牢] (1)blame sb.for (doing) sth.　因(做了)某事而责备某人 blame sth.on ... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for ...) 应(为……)承担责任； 该(为……)受责备 (2)take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事的责任推到某人身上 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①I don't blame you_for_making bad comments to your teacher. ②You should take the blame for what you have done. ③Don't always blame your own failure on others. ④ To be honest, it was Su's fault, but Li was also to_blame (blame)． 一句多译 他把考试失败归咎于老师。 ⑤He_blamed_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher. (blame sth.on) ⑥He_blamed_the_teacher_for_the_failure_of_his_exam. (blame sb.for) ⑦ He_put/laid_the_blame_for_the_failure_of_his_exam_on_the_teacher.(bl ame n．) [用准]　在 be to blame (for)短语中，不定式用主动语态表示被动 含义。 [写美] ⑧(2015·江苏高考书面表达)一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人应受 到责备，因为他们认为遵守交通规则不重要。 Some_drivers,_cyclists_and_pedestrians_are_to_blame,_because_th ey_do_not_think_it_vital_to_obey_traffic_rules. 3．employ vt.雇用；聘请；使忙于；使从事于 [记牢] (1)employ sb.Error! employ sth.to do sth.　 　　 利用某物做某事 (2)Error! 从事于/忙于(做)某事 be employed to do sth.　　 　 受雇做某事 (3)employer n．　　　　　　　　 雇主 employee n. 雇员 employment n. 雇用；职业；使用 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①I have been employed in raising money by a charity organization for less than a year now. ②For the past ten years I have been employed as an English teacher in this middle school. ③ Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find an employment (employ)． 句型转换/完成句子 ④ She has been employed in making preparations for the coming final exam all morning. →She has employed herself in making preparations for the coming final exam all morning. ⑤They employed her to_look_after_the_baby. 他们雇用她照料那个小孩。 [写美] ⑥(2017·天津高考书面表达)事实上，我一直忙于我的学习。当然， 除了学业外，我总是设法找时间发展我的兴趣。 Actually,_I've_been_employing_myself_in_my_studies._Of_course, _apart_from_my_academic_studies,_I_always_manage_to_find_time_for _what_I'm_interested_in. 4．attempt vt.& n．尝试，试图 [记牢] (1)attempt to do sth.＝try to do sth.＝seek to do sth.　　试图做某 事，努力做某事 (2)in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事 make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 企图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (3)attempted adj. 企图的，未遂的 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①They made an attempt to_escape (escape) but was caught by the police. ②Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. 完成句子 ③ She has been charged with the_attempted_murder_of_her_husband. 她曾被指控意图谋杀她丈夫。 ④They are_attempting_to_climb the steepest part of Mount Tai. 他们正试图攀登泰山最陡的部分。 一句多译 我试图说服他，但是是徒劳的。 ⑤I_have_attempted_to_convince_him,_but_in_vain.(attempt vt.) ⑥ I_have_made_an_attempt_to_convince_him/at_convincing_him,_but_in_ vain.(attempt n．) [用准]　 attempt to do sth.相当于 try to do sth.，意为“试图做某 事”，但不一定成功；而 succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成 功地做某事”。 [写美] ⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我认为你尽力抓住这个机会来更进 一步学习中国的传统文化。 I_think_that_you_attempt_to_grasp_this_opportunity_to_learn_tradi tional_Chinese_culture_further. 5．pretend vt.假装；装作 [记牢] pretend that ...　　　 　 　 假装…… pretendError! [练通] 单句语法填空 ①She pretended not_to_know (not know) me when we met in the street. ②He pretended to_be_reading (read) an important paper when the boss entered. ③The applicant pretended to_have_worked (work) for a newspaper before. 完成句子 ④If you pretend_to_know what you don't know, you'll only make a fool of yourself. 不懂装懂就会闹笑话。 ⑤ The children pretend_to_be_different_animals dancing to the music. 孩子们扮成不同的动物，随着音乐起舞。 [写美]　句型转换 ⑥She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell. →She pretended not to be at home when we rang the bell. 6．respect vt.尊敬，尊重；敬意 n.细节；方面；敬意；问候 [记牢] (1)respect sb. for sth.　　　　 因某事而尊重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 give/send one's respects to sb. 向某人表达问候 out of respect for ... 出于对……的尊敬；顾及 with respect 受到尊重地 (3)in all/many respects 在各个方面/在许多方面 in respect of＝with respect to 关于；就……而言 [练通] 单句语法填空 ① Showing respect for parents is one of the Chinese traditional moral values. ②With_respect to your other suggestions, I am not yet able to tell you our decision. ③He said out of respect for Kate he was not going to make a joke of it. 完成句子 ④She has always been honest with me, and I_respect_her_for_that. 她一直对我很诚实，我一直敬重她这一点。 ⑤Everyone has the right to be treated_with_respect. 每个人都有权利受到尊重地对待。 [写美]　句型转换 ⑥(2014·江西高考书面表达)此外，你应该尊敬无私帮助你获得许 多知识的所有老师。 In_addition,_you_should_show_respect_for_all_the_teachers_who_ unselfishly_help_you_to_gain_much_knowledge. 7．approach n．接近，逼近，走近；方法，方式；途径，通道 vt.& vi.接近；靠近；接洽；要求；着手处理 [辨清]　写出下列句中 approach 的含义 ①A tourist approached us and asked us the way to the post office. 接近，走近 ② We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in our product. 接洽 ③ He came up with a new approach to working out the puzzling maths problem. 方法，方式 ④ All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police. 通道 [记牢] (1)the approach of ...　 ……的来临；……的临近 the approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法；去某处的通道 make an approach to sth./sb. 对某事进行探讨/和某人打交道 (2)approach sb.about/for sth.　　 向某人要求某事 approach sb.about doing sth. 要求某人做某事 be approaching 快到了 [练通] 单句语法填空 ⑤ The job market has changed and our approach to finding (find) work must change as well. ⑥We have made approaches to them in the hope of establishing a business relationship. ⑦Did Mary approach you about lending her some money? 完成句子 ⑧As_Teachers'_Day_was_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来 庆祝这个重要的节日。 [用准]　 表示“……的方法”的表达还有： the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the means of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。 [写美] ⑨(2017·天津高考书面表达)首先，期末考试即将来临，所以我忙 于备考。 To_begin_with,_the_final_exam_of_this_term_is_approaching_so_I _am_busy_preparing_for_it. 8．conclude vt.& vi.做出结论；结束，完成；断定，推断 [记牢] (1)conclude ... from ...　　 从……中得出/推断出…… conclude ... with ... 以……结束…… conclude that ... 断定…… to conclude 总而言之，最后 (2)conclusion n. 结论 draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion　 得出结论 in conclusion 最后，总之 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①Let me conclude my speech with a saying: Where there is a will, there is a way. ②He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 句型转换 ③I can conclude that hard work will pay off sooner or later. →We can draw a conclusion that hard work will pay off sooner or later. 完成句子 ④ Researchers conclude_that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full. 研究者断定法国人感觉饱了以后往往不会再吃了。 ⑤To_conclude/In_conclusion,_I'd like to say that I'm happy to stay with you today. 总之，我想说今天和你们在一起我很快乐。 [写美] ⑥(2017·天津高考书面表达)总之，我真诚地希望你再来天津，自 从你离开天津已经发生了很大的变化。 In_conclusion,_it's_my_sincere_hope_that_you_can_spare_some_ti me_for_a_visit_to_Tianjin_again,_which_has_changed_greatly_since_yo u_left. [词汇过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Students are placed into classes according to their_current (当前 的) language skills. 2 ． They steal from people's bank accounts, download sensitive information and attack legal (合法的) websites. 3．From the evidence I must conclude (断定) that you are wrong. 4．What surprised us most was that he didn't show any respect (尊重) to his parents. 5．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法) to the study of mathematics. 6．The girl attempted (试图) to figure out the boy's attitude towards her but without success. 7．Poor students' behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think modern lifestyles are to blame (责备)． 8．The high level of unemployment has produced harmful (有害的) social consequences. 9．I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration (考虑) and make a final decision. 10．Don't believe in those ads that you can master a language in one month. Instead, it is a gradual process (过程), which may last for years. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．We concluded the meeting at eight o'clock with a prayer. 2．Our company is going on very well, employing(employ)hundreds of local women. 3 ． The children pretended to_be_reading (read) aloud when the teacher came in. 4．Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. 5．I have the greatest respect for my teachers. 6．Approaching (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 7．Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16­year­old boy, saying that he was not the one to_blame (blame)． 8．After careful consideration, the government announced that they would attempt to_solve (solve) the problem. Ⅲ.单句改错 1 ． He has made great contribution to the city development. contribution→contributions 2．To conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you have done for me.To→In 3．Please send them my respect when you write. respect→respects 4 ． We object to employ a new graduate who has no practical experience. employ→employing 5．So what can we conclude on this debate？on→from Ⅳ.完成句子 1．What made me angry was that she pretended_not_to_see_me (假 装没看到我) when I said hello to her. 2 ． It is you rather than he that are_to_blame_for_the_terrible_accident (对这次严重的事故负责任)． 3．In_respect_of/With_respect_to_this_problem (关于这个问题), we don't have to draw a conclusion here. 4．I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences (从我自己的经 历中得出结论) that no pains, no gains. 5 ． The couple has set aside other feelings in_an_attempt_to_hold_the_family_together (设法维持住这个家庭)． (一)课前自主学习 1．stand_for　　　　　　　　　 代表；支持；容忍 2．in_favour_of　[串记 1] 赞同，支持 3．consist_of 由……组成 4．stand_out 突出，显眼 5．as_long_as　 [串记 2] 只要 6．be_made_up_of 由……组成 7．be_used_to　 [串记 3] 习惯于 8．be_linked_with/to 与……相关联 9．comment_on 发表意见 10．owe_..._to_... 把……归功于…… 11．go_ahead_with 着手做；开始做 12．participate_in 参与，参加 13．help_out 帮忙做事；摆脱困境 14．in_detail 详细地 15．come_down_to 结果是 16．look_forward_to [串记 4] 盼望，希望 [同根短语串记] 串记 1.“in＋名词＋of”短语全接触 ①in search of 寻找 ②in view of 鉴于；由于 ③in charge of 掌管，负责 ④in favour of 赞同，支持 ⑤in honour of 为了向……表示尊敬 ⑥in memory of 为了纪念…… 串记 2.“只要”短语一览 ①as/so long as ②on condition that ③provided/providing (that) 串记 3.“习惯于”短语归纳 ①be/get used to ②be/get accustomed to ③accustom oneself to 串记 4.“to 为介词”短语聚会 ①get down to 着手做 ②pay attention to 注意 ③lead to 导致 ④see to 负责；注意 ⑤contribute to 有助于 ⑥look forward to 盼望，希望 1．be remembered as a historical meeting 作为一次历史性会议被记住 2．in direct competition with each other 互相进行直接竞争 3．the classic advertisement_ 传统广告 4．hold the attention_of the public 保持公众的注意力 5．increase public knowledge 增加公众知识 6．the concept of_freedom 自由的理念 7．because of the advertising boom 由于广告业的繁荣 8．health care administration 保健管理 1．AIDS is another problem of_great_concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important. 艾滋病是另一个深受关注的问题，所以性教育和保健管理非常重 要。 2．It_is_likely_to_be just the name of a company, part of which may be a general location. 它很可能仅仅是一家公司的名称，其中可能含有公司的大概位置。 3 ． However, not_all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而推销产品和提供服务的。 4．According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don't mind bad language on television as_long_as it is not used in programmes watched by children. 据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不 用在儿童节目中，人们并不介意。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 1．(2017·天津高考阅读 A)But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.( 用 本 单 元 短 语 升 级 加 黑 词 汇 ) _participate_in 2．(2016·江苏高考阅读 C)According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co­authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino ～'s harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. (用本单元短 语替换加黑词汇)is_linked_with/to 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 (根据汉语及提示翻译句子) 1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)除了规律的训练之外，训练日程包 括各种活动，例如，参加一些国内比赛，这对学生是很有帮助的。(of ＋n.) The_training_schedule,_apart_from_regular_training,_includes_join ing_in_a_variety_of_activities,_such_as_participating_in_some_national _competitions,_which_is_of_great_help_to_students. 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)你知道，并非我们所有人都擅长打 乒乓球。(部分否定) As_you_know,_not_all_of_us_do_well_in_playing_ping­pong. (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1．in favour of 支持，赞同 [记牢] in favour with　　　　　　　　　　　 受……支持/喜爱 in one's favour 有利于某人 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮个忙 owe sb.a favour 欠某人一份情 [练通] 单句语法填空 ① I'll raise both hands in favour_of_banning smoking inside the schoolyard. ②She was not in favour with the media just now. ③It looks as if the international situation is in our_(we) favour. 完成句子 ④Mary asked_a_favour_of_me,_but I was too busy to help her. 玛丽请我帮个忙，但是我太忙以至于不能帮她。 ⑤ Do_me_a_favour/Do_a_favour_for_me and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone, will you? 帮我一个忙，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小一点好吗？ [写美] ⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想告诉你一些关于暑假的计划并 想请你帮我个忙。 I_want_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_summer_v acation_and_I'd_like_you_to_do_me_a_favour. 2．consist of 由……组成；由……构成 [记牢] (1)be composed of＝be made up of　　 由……组成 (2)consist in＝lie in 在于 consist with 一致；符合 (3)consistent adj. 一致的；持续的 be consistent with 与……一致 [练通] 完成句子 ①The beauty of the city consists_in its magnificent buildings. 这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。 ②The company that consists_of/is_made_up_of/is_composed_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 这家由 15 家小工厂组成的公司正面临着严重的财政危机。 一句多译 这个政治家的所作所为与他在演讲中的承诺并不一致。 ③The politician's actions do not consist_with the promises he made in his speeches. ④ The politician's actions aren't_consistent_with the promises he made in his speeches. [用准]　consist of 与 consist in 既不用于进行时态，也不用于被动 语态。 [写美] ⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)训练包括各种活动，例如你很感兴趣 的乒乓球。 The_training_consists_of_a_variety_of_activities,_such_as_ping­po ng,_which_you_are_very_interested_in. 3．stand out 突出，显眼 [记牢] stand out from/among ...　 在……中突出/杰出 stand for 代表 stand by 袖手旁观；无动于衷；支持 stand up for sb./sth. 支持，拥护 stand on one's own feet 自立 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①How can you stand by and do nothing when she needs help? ② As is known to us, the letters PLA stand for the People's Liberation Army. 完成句子 ③We must stand_up_for our rights. 我们必须维护我们的权利。 ④The letters_stand_out_well against the dark background. 这些映着黑色背景的字母很显眼。 ⑤Children should learn to stand_on_their_own_feet rather than just depend on their parents. 孩子们应该学会独立而不是只依靠他们的父母。 [写美] ⑥(2017·江苏高考书面表达)新技术的应用和电影明星受到追捧 的问题突显出来。 The_application_of_new_technologies_and_the_wide_appeal_of_m ovie_stars_stood_out. [句式集释] 1．部分否定 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 However, not_all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. [悟拓展例句] (1)All these books are not popular with people. ＝Not_all these books are popular with people. 这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。 (2)Both of his parents are_not teachers. 他的父母并不都是老师。 (3)They came to the conclusion that not_all_things can be done by computers. 他们得出结论，并不是所有的事情电脑都能做。 (4)Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。 [析用法规则] 用法 归纳 (1) 不 定 代 词 all, both, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything；形容词 complete, entire, whole；副词 completely, entirely, wholly, altogether 等和否定词 not 连用，构成部分否定， 表示“不都，并非都……”。 (2)不定代词 none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither；副词(词 组)no, never, nowhere, no more, no longer 等表示否定意义的词 与肯定式谓语连用，构成全部否定。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Nowadays, not all the commodities or services are rated through certain channels.(开头句) (2)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I learn that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends with some gifts. To be honest, not all the gifts are popular with hosts.(要点句) (3)(2018· 北 京 高 考 满 分 作 文 )If you don't understand all the questions completely, do let me know.(总结句) 2．“of＋n.”结构 [教材原句]　AIDS is another problem of_great_concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important. [悟拓展例句] (1)(2015·四川高考)Mothers' labour is of_a_higher_value than it is realised. 母亲的劳动比真正的价值要高很多。 (2)My desk is of_the_same_shape as yours. 我的课桌和你的是同样的形状。 (3)France wine is of_high_quality and is sold all over the world. 法国的葡萄酒质量很好，畅销全世界。 [析用法规则] 用法 归纳 (1)of ( ＋ great, no, little, some, much) ＋ 抽 象 名 词 (value, importance, use, help, interest, significance, benefit, necessity 等)， 这类名词一般可转化为其相应的形容词形式。 (2)of (＋different, the same, similar)＋分类名词(kind, type, sort, shape, size, colour, length, depth, width, weight, height, age, date 等)。 (3)of ( ＋ good, bad, nice, fine, serious, high 等 ) ＋ 性 质 名 词 (quality, character, characteristics, feature 等)。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)I'm so glad to hear from you. I'm Li Hua of the same age as you.(开头句) (2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. Firstly, the product is of high quality. (要点句) (3)(2016·10 月浙江高考满分作文)It was of little possibility to continue walking along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.(要点句) [词块、句式过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.选词填空 stand for， look forward to， participate in， stand out， consist of， in favour of， as long as， be used to 1．As_long_as_you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 2 ． I won't_stand_for being treated like a child because I am a grown­up. 3．In our city, almost everyone is in_favour_of bringing down the housing price because it is too high for them to buy one. 4 ． We encourage all students to_participate fully in the college's varieties of activities. 5．The football team, consisting_of 22 players and three coaches, was set up about 3 years ago. 6 ． We are looking_forward_to holding a party to celebrate New Year's Eve. 7．Hey, that dress is making you stand_out in a crowd, so everyone can recognize you. 8 ． Some parents are_used_to doing almost everything for their children. Ⅱ.句型转换/一句多译 1．He is likely to attend the meeting. →It is likely that he will attend the meeting. 2．All the people present didn't agree with you. →Not all the people_present agreed with you. 3．The economics of national growth are the greatest important to all modern government. →The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern government. 4．这个俱乐部由八名成员组成。 ①This_club_consists_of_eight_members.(consist of) ②This_club_is_made_up_of_eight_members.(be made up of) ③This_club_is_composed_of_eight_members.(be composed of) Ⅲ.分步写作 假设你是 Sam，上周买了一本英汉词典，发现有质量以及服务问 题，要求更换，但遇到麻烦，因此你想用英文给《二十一世纪英文报》 报社编辑写信反映情况。词数 100 左右。内容包括： 1．书页缺少，印刷错误影响阅读理解； 2．要求更换，但书店工作人员态度差，拒绝更换，否认质量问 题； 3．希望报社呼吁服务行业提高服务质量。 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的投诉信，时态根据事件发展而定，人称为 第一人称。要点可以从下面三部分着手：一是字典质量问题书页、 印刷错误；二是更换遭到拒绝；三是呼吁提高质量。要点表达要力 求准确全面，避免跑题。 要点 1：我写信是为了表达对一家书店及其服务的抱怨。 I_am_writing_to_complain_about_a_bookstore_and_its_service. 要点 2：那家书店的店员拒绝了我的请求。 The_staff_of_the_bookstore_refused_my_request. 要点 3：今天的市场要求更好的服务。 Today's_market_calls_for_better_service. 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 要点 1，可添加内容“上周，我在位于我家附近街上的一家书店 买了一本英汉词典”及“到家我仔细阅读后，发现缺少了好几页”，表 达时可使用过去分词作定语及现在分词作状语；要点 2 可补充内容“字 典质量差而且服务不好已经影响了我，而且也会对其他顾客造成损 害”，表达时不妨使用 whatever 引导的让步状语从句及 which 引导的 非限制性定语从句等；要点 3 可补充内容“一些服务不达标且店员素 质需要提高”以及“我们应做我们能做的一切来保护顾客的权利和利益” 等内容，表达时可使用 as 引导的定语从句以及不定式作目的状语等， 使表达更生动。 拓展 1－①：上周，我在位于我家附近街上的一家书店买了一本 英汉词典。(过去分词作定语) Last_week,_I_bought_an_English­Chinese_dictionary_in_a_bookst ore_located_on_the_street_near_my_home. 拓展 1－②： 到家我仔细阅读后，发现缺少了好几页。(现在分 词作状语) Having_reached_home_and_read_it_carefully,_I_found_several_pa ges_were_missing. 拓展 2－①：我去书店要求更换。那家书店的店员粗鲁地拒绝了 我的请求。(不定式作目的状语， turn down) I_went_to_the_bookstore_to_require_for_a_replacement._The_staff _of_the_bookstore_turned_down_my_request_rudely. 拓展 2－②：无论店员怎么说，但字典的质量差而且服务不好是 很明显的。这已经影响了我，而且也会对其他顾客造成损害。(whatever 引导的让步状语从句， be of＋n., which 引导的非限制性定语从句) Whatever_the_staff_says,_it_is_clear_that_the_dictionary_is_of_lo w_quality_and_the_service_is_worse,_which_has_had_an_effect_on_me _and_will_be_harmful_to_the_other_consumers. 拓展 3－①：众所周知，今天的市场要求更好的服务。(as 引导 的定语从句) As_we_all_know,_today's_market_calls_for_better_service. 拓展 3－②：一些服务不能达到标准，而且店员素质需要提高。 (and 并列句) Some_services_fail_to_achieve_the_standard_and_the_quality_of_t he_staff_needs_to_be_improved. 拓展 3－③：我们应该做我们能做的一切来保护顾客的权利和利 益。(不定式作目的状语) We_should_do_everything_we_can_to_protect_the_customers'_righ ts_and_interests. 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头表达投诉的意愿；中间列举要点，用到连接词，如 so， however， but；结尾用 look forward to ...表达期待。 Dear_Editor， I am writing to complain about a bookstore and its service. Last week, I bought an English­Chinese dictionary in a bookstore located on the street near my home. Having reached home and read it carefully, I found several pages were missing. So I went to the bookstore to require for a replacement. However, the staff of the bookstore turned down my request rudely. Whatever the staff says, it is clear that the dictionary is of low quality and the service is worse, which has had an effect on me and will be harmful to other consumers. As we all know, today's market calls for better service. But some services fail to achieve the standard and the quality of the staff needs to be improved. We should do everything we can to protect the customers' rights and interests. I am looking forward to reading more articles about improvement of service in your newspaper. Yours， Sam 理清文体结构之(十五)　议论文之总分结构——找到论点、论证 过程是关键 “总分结构”议论文最显著的特点是论点伴随事例在文章开头部 分提出，事例往往是铺垫，是提出论点的前奏。随之而来的是论证过 程。该论证过程中常常采用分层逐条论述。抓住了此类文章的结构特 点，再结合题目要求，便能快速到原文中定位信息区间，从而正确解 题。 [高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A 篇 [找论点、论证 过程] [高考典例]　2016·浙江卷·A 篇 [读文解题技法] 总 1～3段 ◄ 　　论点 分：论证过程 影响 1 影响 2 　[1]“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday ？ ” Lindsey whispers to Tori. [2]With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.” [3]Who are Lindsey and Tori talking 1. 速 读 全 文 找 论点 2. 细 读 文 章 找 论证过程 本文按论点提 出的顺序从三 影响 3 　提出建议 about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip： it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group. [4]An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain. [5]If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us 个方面论证了 闲话对人们的 影响。 ①闲话伤人(影 响 1) ②闲话给人一 种满足感(影响 2) ③闲话影响人 的举止行为并 举例加以说明 (影响 3) 3. 针对影响提 出建议 do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传 言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority ( 优越 感)． [6]Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook. [7]The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. [抓关键词定位信息区间] 41．The author at the beginning of the passage to ________. A．introduce a topic　　　 　 B．present an argument C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose 43 ． In the author's opinion, it ________. A．gives them a feeling of pleasure B．helps them to make more friends C．makes them better at telling stories D．enables them to meet important people 45．What does the author give in the passage? A．Never become a gossiper. B．Stay away from gossipers. C．Don't let gossip turn into lies. D．Think twice before you gossip. [答案]　41.A　43.A　45.D 41．用对话 ― ― →定位 第 1、2 段 ― ― →引出 第 3 段的论点，由此便知 答案。 43．原因 ― ― →定位 “影响 2”，比对可得出答案。 45．建议 ― ― →定位 第七段 ― ― →总结 得出答案。