【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit5Thepowerofnature单元学案（17页word解析版） 17页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit5The power of nature单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、 单元单词短语回顾 diagram  [ˈdaiəgræm] n. 图解；图表；示意图 volcano [vɔlˈkeinəu] n. 火山 ‎△volcanic [vɔlˈkænik] adj. 火山的 ‎△volcanology [ˌvɔlkən'ɔlədʒi]n.火山学 ‎△volcanologist [ˌvɔlkən'ɔlədʒist] n.火山学家 erupt  [iˈrʌpt] vi.（指火山）爆发；突然发生 eruption  [iˈrʌpʃən] n. 火山爆发；‎ ‎ （战争等）爆发 ash  [æʃ] n. 灰；灰末 ‎△crater  [ˈkreitə] n. 火山口；弹坑 ‎△lava [ˈlɑ:və] n. (火山喷出的)熔岩；火山岩 hurricane  [ˈhʌrikən] n. 飓风；风暴 questionnaire [ˌkwɛstʃənˈɛr] n. 问卷；调查表 alongside  [əlɔŋˈsaid] adv. 在旁边；沿着边prep. 在……旁边；‎ ‎ 沿着……的边 equipment  [iˈkwipmənt] n. 设备；装备 appoint  [əˈpɔint] vt. 任命；委派 ‎△observatory  [əbˈzə:vətəri] n. ‎ 观象台；天文台；气象台 database  [ˈdeitəbeis]n.数据库；资料库 ‎△Mount Kilauea 基拉韦厄火山 evaluate  [iˈvæljueit] vt.评估；评价；估计 burn to the ground 全部焚毁 wave  [weiv] n. 波浪；波涛 ‎ vi. 波动；起伏；挥手 ‎△molten [ˈməultən]adj.熔化的；熔融的 fountain [ˈfauntin] vi. & vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉 absolute  [ˈæbsəlu:t] adj. 绝对的；完全的 absolutely [ˈæbsəlu:tli] adv. 绝对地；完全地 ‎△spaceman ['spes,mæn] n. 宇航员；航天专家 suit [su:t] n. 一套外衣；套装 ‎ vt. 适合；使适宜 helmet  [ˈhelmit] n. 头盔 boot  [bu:t] n. 靴子 make one’s way 前往 potential  [pəˈtenʃəl]n.潜在性；可能性；潜能adj. 可能的；潜在的 actual [ˈæktʃuəl] adj.实在的；实际的 ‎△geology [dʒiˈɔlədʒi] n. 地质学 ‎△Mount  [maunt] Etna 埃特纳火山 ‎ （意大利西西里岛东北部）‎ ‎△Sicily 西西里岛（意大利南部）‎ ‎△sample  [ˈsæmpl] n. 样品；样本 candidate [ˈkændideit]n.候选人；候补者 ‎△Mount  [maunt] Vesuvius 维苏威火山 ‎△threat [θret] n. 恐吓；威胁 bungalow [ˈbʌŋgələu] n. 平房；小屋 ‎△Pompeii 庞培（意大利古都）‎ ‎△tornado [tɔ:ˈneidəu] n.龙卷风；旋风 typhoon  [taiˈfu:n] n. 台风 thunderstorm  ['θʌndˌstɔ:m]  n. 雷暴 precious  [ˈpreʃəs] adj.贵重的；珍贵的 novelist  [ˈnɔvəlist] n. 小说家 fog  [fɔg] n. 雾 document  [ˈdɔkjumənt] n. 文件；证件 rainbow  [ˈreinbəu] n. 彩虹 uncomfortable  [ʌnˈkʌmftəbəl] adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的 balcony  [ˈbælkəni] n. 阳台 unconscious  [ʌnˈkɔnʃəs] adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的 shoot  [ʃu:t] （shot）vt. 射中；射伤 shot  [ʃɔt] n. 射击；枪炮声 tremble  [ˈtrembl] vi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖 sweat  [swet] n. 汗 vi. 出汗 anxious  [ˈæŋkʃəs] adj. 忧虑的；不安的 anxiety [æŋˈzaiəti] n.担心；焦虑；渴望 panic  [ˈpænik] (panicked) vi. & vt. 惊慌 n. 惊慌；恐慌 ‎△tsunami[tsu:'nɑ:mi]n.海啸；地震海啸 glance through 匆匆看一遍 ‎△Manchu  [mæn'tʃu:] adj. 满族的 ‎ n. 满人 vary from…to… 由……到……不等 diverse  [daiˈvə:s]adj. 多种多样的；不同的 ‎△diversity  [daiˈvə:siti] n.多种多样；多样性 ‎△crane  [krein] n. 鹤；吊车；起重机 ‎△leopard [ˈlepəd] n. 豹 ‎△spectacular  [spekˈtækjulə] adj. 引人入胜的；壮观的 bathe [beið] vi. 洗澡；游泳 ‎△arouse  [əˈrauz] vt.激发；唤醒某人 appreciation  [əˌpri:ʃiˈeiʃən] n. 欣赏；感激；感谢 ‎△peak [pi:k] n. 山顶；顶峰 ‎△persuasion [pəˈsweiʒən]n.信服；说服 guarantee  [ˌgærənˈti:]vt.保证；担保 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．他正在考虑出国留学。(consider)‎ He_is_considering_studying_abroad.‎ ‎2．假如运动前不做准备活动，你就有受伤的危险。(risk)‎ If_you_don't_warm_up_before_taking_exercise,_you_risk_injuring_yourself.‎ ‎3．她犹豫了一下，朝大门走去。 (make one's way to)‎ She_hesitated,_and_made_her_way_to_the_gate.‎ ‎4．他热心助人。(enthusiastic)‎ He_is_enthusiastic_about_helping_others.‎ ‎5．这些鱼的价格从3到5美元不等。(vary from ... to ...)‎ These_fish_vary_in_price_from_$3_to_$5.‎ ‎6．我将尽一切努力准时到达。(make an effort to do sth.)‎ ‎_I_will_make_every_effort_to_arrive_on_time.‎ ‎7．他无处栖身因为他的房子被烧掉了。(burn to the ground)‎ He_has_no_place_to_live_in_because_his_house_has_been_burnt_to_the_ground._‎ ‎8．首相已委任一位平民为国防部长。(appoint sb. as)‎ The_Prime_Minister_has_appointed_a_civilian_as_Defence_Minister._‎ ‎9．男孩子们正要出去踢足球，就在此时天突然开始下起雨来。(be about to do sth. when ...)‎ The_boys_were_about_to_go_out_to_play_football_when_suddenly_it_began_to_rain.‎ ‎10．票已经全部卖光，他们只好失望地离去。(独立主格结构)‎ All_the_tickets_sold,_they_went_away,_disappointed.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 One morning I spent nearly an hour watching a tiny ant carry a huge feather. Several times, it__1__ several obstacles (障碍物) in its path. And after a momentary pause it would make the necessary detour (绕道)．__2__ one point, the ant had to cross a crack about 10mm wide. After some __3__ thoughts, the ant laid the feather over the crack, walked __4__ it and picked the feather up on the other side, then continued on its way. I was __5__ by the cleverness of this ant. It was only a small insect, lacking in __6__ yet equipped with a brain to reason, explore, discover and overcome. __7__ this ant, like the other twolegged creatures __8__ on the earth, also shares human failure.‎ After some time the ant __9__ reached its destination — a flower bed and a small hole that was the entrance to its __10__ home. It was there that the ant met its __11__. How could that large feather possibly__12__ such a small hole? Of course, it couldn't. So the ant, after all this __13__ and using great brightness, overcoming problems all along the way, just gave up the __14__ and went home. The ant had not thought the problem through __15__ it began its journey and in the end the feather was __16__ more than a burden. Isn't our __17__ like that?‎ We worry about our families; we worry about the __18__ of money; we worry about all kinds of things. These are all burdens ‎ ‎— the things we pick up along life's path, and drag them around the obstacles and over the cracks that life will bring, only to __19__ that at the destination they are __20__ and we can't take them with us.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。我们大多数人的生活都是忙忙碌碌，为金钱、名誉等疲于奔命，结果最后才发现它们都是没有用的。作者通过蚂蚁搬东西形象地阐释了这一观点。‎ ‎1．A.brought about　　　　 B．got over C．came across D．dealt with 解析：选C　有几次，小蚂蚁都在路上遇到了障碍物。come across意为“偶然遇到”。‎ ‎2．A.At B．For C．To D．With 解析：选A　在某个时候，小蚂蚁不得不越过一条10毫米的裂缝。at one point意为“在某个时候/阶段”。‎ ‎3．A.brave B．tiring C．magic D．short 解析：选D　由上文“after a momentary pause”可知，小蚂蚁稍一思考，想出了解决办法。‎ ‎4．A.across B．through C．beside D．behind 解析：选A　小蚂蚁把羽毛放在裂缝上，然后从上面爬过去。across强调从表面通过；through强调从内部穿过。‎ ‎5．A.frightened B．attracted C．annoyed D．satisfied 解析：选B　作者被小蚂蚁的聪明吸引住了。frighten意为“使……害怕”；annoy意为“使……生气”；satisfy意为“使……满意”。‎ ‎6．A.size B．height C．depth D．length 解析：选A　小蚂蚁虽只是很小的昆虫，但是具有推理、探索及克服困难的精神。既然是小昆虫，当然是体型大小不足了。‎ ‎7．A.Therefore B．But C．Moreover D．Otherwise 解析：选B　但是，如同其他生物一样，它也会遭遇失败。‎ ‎8．A.working B．sleeping C．living D．walking 解析：选C　此处表示它同生活在地球上的两条腿的生物一样。live与twolegged creatures之间是主动关系，故用动词ing形式作定语。‎ ‎9．A.probably B．suddenly C．easily D．finally 解析：选D　(在跨过种种障碍后)小蚂蚁终于到达了目的地。‎ ‎10．A.underground B．lonely C．comfortable D．big 解析：选A　一个小洞是进入小蚂蚁在地下的家的入口。‎ ‎11．A.partner B．problem C．parent D．friend 解析：选B　就在入口处，小蚂蚁遇到了困难。problem意为“困难，考验”。‎ ‎12．A.fit B．fix C．suit D．fill 解析：选A　(困难就是)这么大的羽毛怎么能进入这么小的洞里呢？fit意为“(衣服等)大小、尺寸适合”；fix意为“修理”；suit意为“(衣服等)颜色、款式适合”；fill意为“充满”。‎ ‎13．A.decision B．pleasure C．trouble D．matter 解析：选C　此处表示在经历了艰难险阻之后。trouble与上文obstacles对应。‎ ‎14．A.insect B．problem C．hole D．feather 解析：选D　(羽毛既然带不回家)小蚂蚁只好放弃。‎ ‎15．A.after B．until C．before D．once 解析：选C　小蚂蚁在搬羽毛前没想过会遇到种种问题。‎ ‎16．A.nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 解析：选A　最后，羽毛对小蚂蚁来说只是个负担。nothing more than＝nothing but，意为“只是，就是”。‎ ‎17．A.study B．aim C．dream D．life 解析：选D　作者通过小蚂蚁的经历联想到“我们”的生活也是如此。life与下文along life's path对应。‎ ‎18．A.waste B．lack C．worth D．danger 解析：选B　我们担心没钱。lack意为“缺乏”。‎ ‎19．A.think B．find C．wonder D．warn 解析：选B　“only to find ...”作结果状语，意为“结果发现……”。‎ ‎20．A.bad B．practical C．useless D．meaningful 解析：选C　到人生的尽头我们发现，先前所得是没用的，死后什么也带不走。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练(限时25分钟)‎ A Earlier this week, I wrapped up (圆满完成) a 5day trip in San Francisco.I woke up a few hours before sunrise, drove through the darkness and out of the city, hiked for 30 minutes to the top of a hill overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge, and snapped (拍摄) this photo.As I stood there soaking in the early morning light, I was reminded of an important lesson.‎ When I arrived in San Francisco, I told myself, “Just take photos as you do other things.” My primary goal was to meet with friends and so I figured I could take pictures as we walked around the city.This resulted in exactly zero photos worth sharing.I had vague (不明确的) ideas like “I'd like to do some street photography”， but I never went out with the intent of photographing something specific.Finally, on the last morning, I went out with the intent of capturing a specific picture and ‎ I ended up with something worth sharing.My mistake was that I assumed that because I wanted to take photos, I would end up getting a desirable result.‎ How often do you do this in your own life? We go to the gym to “work out” without trying to become better at something specific.We wish that we were more creative, but never work on a particular project.When you commit to a task, however, then the next step is obvious.You want to take a picture of the Golden Gate Bridge at sunrise? Next step: find a good spot.You've found a good spot? Next step: wake up early and drive there.‎ This is perhaps the most shocking thing: if box yourself in, then you'll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined.‎ 语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。作者去旧金山看日出时突然悟出人生真谛：任务要具体，目标要明确，才会有结果。‎ ‎1．What's the author's original purpose of the trip?‎ A．To take pictures.　　　　　 B．To attend lessons.‎ C．To visit friends. D．To enjoy sunrise.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第二段中的“My primary goal was to meet with friends”可知，作者来旧金山的最初目的就是访友。‎ ‎2．What lesson did the author learn?‎ A．A given task leads to achievement.‎ B．Stick to your own decision.‎ C．Get ready for challenges.‎ D．Hard work pays off.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段末尾可知作者这次旅行感触颇深，再结合倒数第一段中的“if box yourself in, then you'll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined”可知，作者收获的感悟是任务要具体，目标要明确，才会有结果。‎ ‎3．What are you advised to do first when you want to get stronger physically?‎ A．Make a detailed outline.‎ B．Go to work out immediately.‎ C．Discuss the ways with coaches.‎ D．Choose a certain muscle group.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第二段中的“I had vague (不明确的) ideas”，再结合第三段的内容，尤其是“without trying to become better at something specific”和“When you commit to a task, however, then the next step is obvious”可知，只有任务具体了，方向才能明确，四个选项中只有D项是一个具体的任务，且是首先应做的。‎ ‎4．What's the function of the last paragraph?‎ A．To introduce a new topic.‎ B．To draw a conclusion.‎ C．To make a suggestion.‎ D．To ask readers to reflect on something.‎ 解析：选B　写作手法题。由最后一段的内容，尤其是“if box yourself in, then you'll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined”‎ 可知，最后一段点明了文章的主题，对上文内容做出了总结。故选B。‎ B My mother was the one who whipped (抽打) me.At least she did whenever she wasn't ashamed to let the neighbors think she was killing me.If she even acted as though she was about to raise her hand to me, I would open my mouth and let the world know about it.If anybody was passing by out on the road, she would either change her mind or just give me a few licks.‎ Think about it now.I feel definitely that just as my father favored me for being lighter than the other children, my mother gave me more hell for the same reason.She was very light herself, but she favored the ones who were darker.Wilfred, I knew, was particularly her angel.I remember that she would tell me to go out of the house.“Let the sun shine on you so you can get some color.”‎ I learned early that crying out in protest could accomplish things.My older brothers and sister would sometimes come in from school and ask for a buttered biscuit or something.My mother, impatiently, would tell them no.But I would cry out and make a fuss until I got what I wanted.I remember well how my mother asked me why I couldn't be a nice boy like Wilfred.But I would think to myself that Wilfred, for being so nice and quiet, often stayed hungry.So early in life, I had learned that if you wanted something, you had better make some noise.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过作者描述自己如何处理与母亲之间的生活小事，来告诉大家要想获得自己想要的东西，就要大声地表达出来。‎ ‎5．What would the writer's mother do if someone was passing by out on the road?‎ A．She would stop killing me.‎ B．She would whip me even harder.‎ C．She would shout at me very loudly.‎ D．She would give me only a few beatings.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，如果妈妈打我，我就大声喊让别人知道，路过的人看到了，妈妈就会有所收敛。故选D。其他选项不符合题意。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “hell” mean?‎ A．Love. B．Food.‎ C．Suffering. D．Space.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第二段内容并结合全文妈妈对我的态度可知，爸爸喜欢我肤色浅，可是妈妈喜欢肤色深的人，所以她经常会给我带来更多的痛苦(hell)，例如让我出去把肤色晒黑。所以选C项，suffering意为“痛苦，受苦”。‎ ‎7．What did the writer do if he wanted to get what he needed?‎ A．He remained quiet.‎ B．He asked for it loudly.‎ C．He waited patiently.‎ D．He asked his father for help.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“I had learned that if you wanted something, you had better make some noise”可知，答案为B，其他选项不符合题意。‎ C We live in a society where many people tend to have “black and white thinking” and extreme thinking.Every day a new headline announces a certain food is bad and ruining our health and praises another food of its amazing benefits.Each year, new studies in nutrition science come out, many of which are against earlier findings.Additionally, we are sold the lie that if we eat the “correct foods” and follow a set of rules, we will gain health and happiness.‎ We've all heard someone saying, “I ate a brownie (巧克力蛋糕) and I am so bad today.” Someone feels that what he eats determines whether he is a “good” or “bad” person.For instance, someone might also say, “I am a good parent if I feed my child this.” However, food isn't good or bad.What you choose to eat does not determine your value or worth as a human being.The only reason to feel guilty for eating a brownie is that you stole it from the store.‎ Besides, the idea that you shouldn't eat late in the evening is a nutrition myth.Our metabolism (新陈代谢) keeps running 24 hours a day.Rules (like telling yourself when to stop eating) create fear and a sense that you cannot trust with food.Consistently fueling your body every few hours especially when you are hungry will allow you to feel your best.So when you feel hungry before heading to bed, eat some cheese and crackers.‎ In my opinion, mental health is an important part of one's overall health.I think we can all agree that being terrified to eat some food is not mentally healthy.Rather than focusing on food rules, aim for balance, variety and flexibility.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讨论人们对于饮食的一些误解，并阐述了作者自己的看法。‎ ‎8．We can judge whether a person is “good” or “bad” by ________.‎ A．the source of the food B．the time when they eat their food C．the person's preference for food D．the things they put in their food 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The only reason to feel guilty for eating a brownie is that you stole it from the store”可推知，判断一个人的好与坏主要看食物的来源，而非食物本身，故选A。‎ ‎9．Which of the following can be inferred from the text?‎ A．It's wrong for people to eat anything late in the evening.‎ B．It's important to keep a balanced diet for people's health.‎ C．Fear of some food is an important reflection of mental health.‎ D．Parents who give children bad food are bad parents.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Rather than ‎ focusing on food rules, aim for balance, variety and flexibility.”和本段的整体内容可推知，平衡饮食对健康很重要。‎ ‎10．What seems to be the author's attitude toward the present thoughts about food?‎ A．Disapproving. B．Favorable.‎ C．Reserved. D．Objective.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据第一段最后一句“Additionally, we are sold the lie that if we eat the ‘correct foods’ and follow a set of rules, we will gain health and happiness.”和第一段的整体内容可推知，作者对目前有关饮食的看法是不赞同的，故选A。‎