【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit1Friendship单元学案（19页） 19页

Unit 1 Friendship 一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累 写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦；打翻 2.ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 3.calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 4.thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n. 雷；雷声 5.settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决 6.grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的 7.tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt. 倾斜；翻倒 8.disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同 意；协议 9.exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准 确的；精确的 10.power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的； 有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的 11.outdoors adv.在户外；在野外→indoors adv.在室内 12.concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注； ( 利 害 ) 关 系 →concerned adj. 担 心 的 ； 忧 虑 的 →concerning prep.关于；涉及 13.suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折 磨；苦难 14.entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 15.recover vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复 16.dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘 1.All the furniture is dusty (dust); I guess the room has been empty for a long time. 2.It's hard to say exactly (exact) how many Jews he saved during the Second World War. 3.Tom disagreed (agree) with his father, so they quarreled with each other. 4.Our parents are concerned about our health. As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.(concern) 5.The entire village was destroyed. It now looked entirely different from the previous one.(entire) 6.After he came to power,_everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter.(power) 7.The doctor said her father would recover soon and we wish her father would make a full recovery from the operation.(recover) 8.The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What's worse, he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer) 9.A fly kept upsetting the boy. He was so upset that he upset the cup on the desk.(upset) ⇩积 得 多(平时多积累，考场出华章) 1.表示负面情绪的形容词集锦 ①upset 不安的；心烦 的 ②anxious 焦虑的 ③annoyed 恼火的；生气的 ④depressed 消沉的；沮丧 的 ⑤frustrated 失意的；挫败 的 ⑥pessimistic 悲观的 ⑦blue 沮丧的；悲观的 ⑧down 情绪低落的 2.“天气及自然灾害”相关单 词汇总 ①thunder n．&vi. 雷声；打 雷 ②lightning n． 闪电 ③shower n. 阵雨 ④thunderstorm n. 雷暴 ⑤tornado n. 龙卷风 ⑥hurricane n. 飓风 ⑦typhoon n. 台风 ⑧haze n. 雾霾 3.“感谢”家族 ①grateful adj. 感激的 ②gratitude n. 感激 ③appreciate v. 感激 ④appreciation n. 感激 4．dis否定前缀词荟萃 ①disagree vi. 不同意 ②dislike vt. 不喜欢 ③disappear vi. 消失 ④disability n. 残疾；无 能 二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多 写 得 准 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空) 1.add_up 合计 2.calm_(...)_down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 3.be_concerned_about 关心；挂念 4.go_through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查 5.set_down 记下；放下；登记 6.a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套 7.on_purpose 故意地；有目的地 8.in_order_to 为了…… 9.at_dusk 在黄昏时刻 10.face_to_face 面对面地 11.suffer_from 遭受；患病 12.get/be_tired_of 对……厌烦 13.pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包 14.get_along_with 与……相处；进展 15.fall_in_love 相爱；爱上 16.join_in 参加；加入 1.The Browns are busy packing_up;_they are leaving for Hong Kong for their holidays. 2.Lucy fell_in_love with dancing when she was little and wanted to be a dancer when she grows up. 3.The government has taken a_series_of measures to improve the air quality. 4.She joined_in their discussion and learned a lot from the students. 5.If I didn't set the tips down,_I might forget all about them. 6.They started out early in the morning but arrived at the small town at_dusk. 7.You must remember: Almost everyone had gone_through many difficulties before they succeeded. 8.In_order_to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10. ⇩积 得 多(平时多积累，考场出华章) 1.set 短语集中营 ①set down 记下；放下；登记 ②set up 开办；建立；设立 ③set aside 留出；拨出(时间、金钱等) ④set off 出发；动身；引起；使爆炸 2.“at＋n.”表时间小结 ①at dusk 在黄昏时刻 ②at dawn 在拂晓 ③at midnight 在午夜 3.“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语聚 焦 ①face to face 面对面地 ②heart to heart 心连心地 ③shoulder to shoulder 肩并 肩地 ④hand in hand 手拉手地 三、句式—— 在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手， 结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。 while walking the dog 为状语从 句的省略句式。 爬山时，我们欣赏到了温暖的 阳光和美丽的风景。 While_climbing_the_mounta in,_we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. 2.She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月 之后才被发现。 before 引导时间状语从句，意为 “在……之后才”。 如果你错过了这次机会，可能 需要很多年你才能再获得一 次。(2015·重庆高考单选) If you miss this chance, it may be years before_you_get_another_one. 3.I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无 法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大 自然有关的事物都无比狂热。 it's ... that ...是强调句型。 直到我来到了这里我才意识 到这个地方不仅以美景闻名， 而且它的天气也很有名。 It_was_not_until_I_came_he re_that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 4.It was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face. It/This/That is/was the first time that sb. has (have)/had done sth.“这/那是某人第一次 这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使 我们都很吃惊。 It is the third time that she 这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹 夜晚。 做某事”。 has_won_the_race,_which has surprised us all. 语境识词 It is the first time that Li Hua has gone abroad for further study. That is why her parents show great concern about her life and safety. Fortunately, she is so easygoing and warmhearted that she gets along well with her classmates. When in trouble, she doesn't hesitate to turn to her friends for help.The colorful life and fittingin study add up to her unforgettable experience in America. 1．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 (1)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心 (2)concern oneself about 对……表示关心/担心 (3)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的 be concerned about/for 担心……；关心…… be concerned with 与……有关；涉及 as far as ... be concerned 就……而言；依……之见 (4)concerning prep. 关于；有关 ①Nowadays people are more concerned (concern) about the environment where they live. 现在，人们更加关注他们的居住环境。 ②Concerned (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class. 因为担心这个学生，老师打电话给他的家长想查明他为什么如此经常的逃课。 ③As/So_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. (2014·重庆高考写作) 就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。 ④I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning (concern) the club. 我写信是想知道你是否可能提供给我有关该俱乐部的信息。 [扮靓写作] 例句③的其他表达方式 ①In my opinion/view, it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. ②From my point of view, it's wise not to spend much time playing with smartphones. 2．get along/on with 与……相处；进展 (1)get along/on (well/nicely) with sb. 与某人相处得(好) get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth. 某事进展得(好/顺利) (2)get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会(to sb.) get about/around (消息)传开 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事 get through (电话)接通；用完；通过；度过 get over 克服 ①While the students came from different countries, they got_along/on_quite_well in the summer camp.(2015·福建高考单选) 尽管学生们来自于不同的国家，他们在夏令营相处得非常好。 ②After that, he knew he could get_through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. 在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。 ③It's time that I got down to thinking (think) about my future. 我该好好考虑一下我的未来了。 3．add up 合计；把……加起来 (1)add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里 add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态) add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义) (2)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加 in addition 另外；此外(还有) in addition to 除……之外 ①Please add some sugar to the milk to make it more delicious. 请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。 ②The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added_to the language since it was published.(2016·天津高考单选) 这部词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。 ③In_addition/Besides/What's_more/Moreover,_by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) 此外，通过做兼职工作，我能获得一些宝贵经验，以便我能更好地适应社会的发展和 变化。 [熟词生义] 根据语境写出加黑单词的含义 ④He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.补充说 4．状语从句的省略 While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。 省略句的条件 状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词 it 状语从句谓语中含有 be 动词 省略句的形式 省略从句中的主语或 it 和 be 动词 ①While enjoying (enjoy) the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy. 吃饭时，一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈，这使老人非常高兴。 ②If accepted (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.(2015·北京高考单选) 如果你被录取做这份工作，你很快就会接到通知。 ③If_(it_is)_necessary,_you should turn to your parents for help. 如果有必要，你应该向你的父母求助。 语境识词 Having suffered such a heavy loss, my father doesn't have the courage to go on with his business. As a result, he feels very upset and disappointed. As far as I'm concerned, it's beyond my power to help him go through the difficulty, because I can't give him some tips on how to overcome it. However, I do believe we need to get to the root of the problem before we can settle it. 5．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 (1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 (2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事 sufferer n. 患难者；患病者 ①There is no denying that our earth is_suffering (suffer) severe damage.(2013·江苏高 考书面表达) 不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。 ②A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering (suffer) from the floods. 已经募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受洪灾的人们。 ③The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings (suffer) during the war. 据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。 6．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻 (1) be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心/难过 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过 (2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼 It upsets sb. to do sth./that ... 让某人心烦的是…… ①She was upset to_know (know) that her application for the position was refused. 得知她对这个职位的申请遭到拒绝，她感到很沮丧。 ②She was_upset (upset) that he had left without saying goodbye. →It_upset_her_that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她感到不安。 ③It was the way he said it rather than what he actually said that completely upset (upset) her. 是他说话的方式而不是他实际所说的话使她十分难过。 [名师指津] (1)upset 充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。 (2)upset 的过去式和过去分词形式仍为 upset；其现在分词形式为 upsetting。 7．power n．能力；力量；权力；动力 (1)come to/into power 掌权；上台 in one's power 在某人的掌控中 beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的 do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 尽力而为做某事；竭尽全力做某事 (2)powerful adj.强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的 ①It has been five years since he came_into_power. 他上台执政已 5 年了。 ②The judge promised to do everything in his power to_get (get) the man released. 这个法官承诺尽其所能让这个人得以释放。 ③Never before has our country been so powerful (power) as it is today. 我们的国家从未像今天这样强大。 [联想发散] 表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有： ①do/try one's best to do sth. ②make every effort to do sth. ③spare no effort to do sth. 8．tip n．提示；小费；技巧；尖；尖端 vt.付小费；弄翻；倾斜 [一词多义] 写出下列句中 tip 的含义 ①Sorry, your name is just on the tip of my tongue.尖端 ②After I had my hair cut, I gave the hairdresser a tip.小费 ③Here are some tips on how to make friends.技巧 ④The wind blew and the plant began to shake, tipping the leaf.弄翻 ⑤She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service.付小费 9．go through 经历；经受；检查；完成；(法案等)通过 [一词多义] 写出下列句中 go through 的含义 ①Our plan on how to spend our summer holidays didn't go through.通过 ②Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.经历 ③As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(2015·湖南高考单选)完成 ④The police went through the three suitcases but didn't find anything valuable.检查 go against 违背；违反 go out 出去；熄灭 go over 复习；仔细检查 go up 上涨；上升；攀登 ⑤Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I went_over the language points at the same time.(2014·四川高考书面表达) 我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我复习语言点。 10．before 引导时间状语从句 She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before_they_were_ discovered. 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。 before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。 (1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“还没来得及……就……”。 (2)在特定的情景中，意为“趁着……”。 (3)强调动作发生的时间长，意为“过了(多久)才……”。 (4)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before 从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。 (5)在“It＋be＋not＋long＋before 从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。 ①The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before_I_could_ask_for their names. 归还我丢失钱包的年轻夫妇，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就已经离开了。 ②John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job. 约翰认为不久之后他就会为他的新工作做好准备。 ③He was told that it would be at least three more months before_he_could_recover and return to work. 他被告知他至少还需要 3 个月才能恢复并重返工作岗位。 [名师指津] “It be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多 长时间了”。 ④It has been two weeks since you came here for the exchange program, which has benefited us all.(2016·天津高考书面表达) 你们来这儿参加这个对我们都有益的文化交流活动已经两周了。 [课堂练牢基础] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1 ． There is no sense upsetting (upset) yourself about it now. Look forward and everything will be all right. 2．In addition, using mobile phones will add to their parents' economic burdens. 3．All the people concerned (concern) with the case will be questioned by the police. 4．—How did you pass the challenging test? —It was a long time before I found a series of suitable methods. 5．Human beings and animals should get along/on well with each other. 6 ． While travelling (travel) in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures. 7．Since you have questions, why not turn to him for some tips (tip)? 8．The old man went through many difficulties and suffered (suffer) a lot from them. 9．Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys. 10．With a lot of difficult problems to_settle (settle) newlyelected president is having a hard time. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．I failed again, but my parents encouraged me and told me that failure was the mother of success.was→is 2．It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.when→that 3 ． It was raining cats and dogs, thus added to their difficulty in transporting the supplies to the earthquakestricken areas.added→adding 4．I was very grateful to Anna for giving me the opportunity to join in the club.去掉 in 5 ． I wanted to have a word with her, but she ignores me and went away.ignores→ignored Ⅲ.根据提示词或结构补全句子 1．这几天在室内待得很厌倦，我们很想出去放松自己。(get tired of) Having_got_tired_of_staying_indoors_for_days,_we are longing to go out and relax ourselves. 2．我不知道是否因为我的粗心，史密斯先生很生气。(强调句型) I wonder if it_was_because_I_was_careless_that Mr. Smith was very angry. 3．他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。(before) They are thinking of buying the house before_the_prices_go_up. 4．我坐在教室里做试卷时感到精力旺盛，信心十足。(状语从句的省略) While_sitting_in_the_classroom_and_doing_my_papers,_I felt confident and was full of energy. 5．(2014·天津高考书面表达)此外，每位学生与外国朋友要和谐，这使你容易与他们相 处。(get along with) In addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which_makes_it_easy_for_you_to_get_along/on_with_them. Ⅳ.一句多译/句式升级 1．直到作为交流生去了美国他才意识到学好英语的重要性。 ①He didn't_realize_the_importance_of_learning_English_well_until he went to America as an exchange student. ②It_was_not_until_he_went_to_the_America_as_an_exchange_student_that he realized the importance of learning English well.(强调句型) ③Not until he went to the America as an exchange student did he realize the importance of learning English well. (倒装句) 2．(2014·天津高考书面表达)我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准 备。 ①We'll_do_everything_in_our_power_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(power) ②We will do_our_best_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (best) ③We will do_what_we_can_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (what 引导名词性从句) 3．①他患有肺癌好多年了。 He suffered_from_lung_cancer for many years. ②这名患者已经决定戒烟了。 The_sufferer_has_decided to give up smoking. ③用非谓语动词作状语连接①②句 Having_suffered_from_the_lung_cancer_for_many_years,_the_sufferer_has_decided_t o_give_up_smoking. [课下练熟高考] 阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 (限时：35 分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2017·安徽蚌埠三校一检) Top Beautiful Bookstores in the World •City Lights City Lights, an independent bookstorepublisher combination specializing in world literature, the arts and progressive politics, is still one of the world's greatest bookshops since its founding by poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti. It became wellknown for publishing Allen Ginsberg's influential poem Howl and Other Poems. Having been a gathering place for American literary icons (代 表 人 物 ), like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, this literary landmark attracts booklovers from across the country and around the world to browse, read, and just soak in the pleasant atmosphere. •Shakespeare & Company Originally founded in 1919 by Sylvia Beach, Shakespeare & Company is a combination of a bookstore and a reading library, specializing in Englishlanguage literature. In the 1920s, the store was a meeting point for literary icons such as Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, William S. Burroughs, James Joyce and Ford Madox Ford. Located in the 5th Arrondissement in Paris's Left Bank, the current store was opened in 1951, named after and in honor of the earlier store that closed during World War Ⅱ. •Daunt Books Daunt Books is an original Edwardian bookshop in London. It already has five branches in the city. Daunt Books specializes in travel books, travel accounts, nonfiction, history and fiction. The staff are extremely knowledgeable, providing the customers with helpful advice. •Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore The 800yearold Dominican church in Maastricht has been turned into one of the most beautiful bookshops in the world — Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore. The store keeps the character and charm of the old church. It houses the largest stock of books in English in the city. Reading here is a religious experience. It is a bookshop made in heaven. 语篇解读：本文介绍了四个世界上最美的书店——城市之光书店、莎士比亚书店、敦 特书店和天堂书店。 1．We can learn from the text that ________. A．City Lights has the largest stock of books in London B．City Lights was set up by Allen Ginsberg C．Shakespeare & Company is located in Paris D．Daunt Books has five branches in the world 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据 Shakespeare & Company 部分的“Located in the 5th Arrondissement in Paris's Left Bank”可知，莎士比亚书店位于巴黎左岸第五郡。故选 C 项。 2．In which bookstore can you get useful suggestions from the staff? A．City Lights. B．Daunt Books. C．Shakespeare & Company. D．Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据文章中 Daunt Books 部分的最后一句“The staff are extremely knowledgeable, providing the customers with helpful advice.”可知，敦特书店的 工作人员非常博学，能够为顾客提供有用的建议。故选 B 项。 3．What is the special characteristic about Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore? A．It keeps the character of the old church. B．It once closed during World War Ⅱ. C．It became wellknown because of an influential poem. D．It specializes in travel books. 解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据文章中“Selexyz Dominicanen Bookstore”部分的第二 句“The store keeps the character and charm of the old church.”可知，天堂书店一直保留 着古老教堂的特色和魅力。故选 A 项。 B (2017·四川成都高三第一次诊断性检测) We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle, a new research has claimed. The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months, at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months, with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months. The research, by Forever Friends, shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school, with about a fifth saying they meet them at work. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34 year olds make 22 friends via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24yearolds who make 12, and 35 to 44yearolds who make just four. Forever Friends' relationship coach Sam Owen says: “It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes, giving gifts, seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.” Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving, while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift away from childhood friends. With growing pressures being put on friendship these days, it's important to make time for our friendship. 语篇解读：研究表明，我们在 26 岁时拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的 朋友会减少。 4．How many friends can a 20yearold college student make via Facebook? A．4. B．12. C．18. D．22. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“via Facebook, compared to 18 to 24yearolds who make 12”可知，通过脸谱网年龄在 18 到 24 岁的人可以交到 12 个朋友， 故 B 项正确。 5．In Paragraph 5, the author is trying to tell the readers ________. A．how important making friends is B．that friendship is not easy to keep C．how much has been done to keep friendship D．that friendship at school is important 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第五段 Sam Owen 所讲的话的第二句“It is a key time in our lives ... other regularly and laughing a lot.”可知，学校时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶 段，这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、互相探望、一起欢笑中，故 D 项正确。 6．The underlined phrase “drift away from” in Paragraph 6 means “________”． A．make sense of B．lose contact with C．feel sorry for D．make up with 解析：选 B 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Over half of us lose friendship ... apart from close pals.”及画线词所在句“Having children also causes 19% to ...childhood friends.”可以判断，画线词意为“失去联系”，故 B 项正确。 7．This passage is most probably taken from ________. A．Facebook or Twitter B．an advertisement C．a textbook D．a newspaper 解析：选 D 文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a new research has claimed”以及最后一 段中的“these days”，再结合选项可以判断，本文最可能摘自报纸，故 D 项正确。 C (2017·沈阳市高三教学质量检测)When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We've all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed — graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don't think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well. Most people don't make these choices consciously ( 意 识 到 地 ) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately. There's_no_“getting_rid_of_people”. People are always dropping into and out of each other's lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don't get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections. What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldn't you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn't you stick by him? Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to his highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren't showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend. It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “I'm sorry, but I can't have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it's often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it's also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently. 语篇解读：本文讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以 及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。 8．When experiencing major life changes, people may ______. A．join a new social community B．influence their friends around C．choose their friendships purposely D．have their people environment changed 解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“When going through major life changes ... you've ever experienced a major switch in your people environment”可知，当经 历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。即 D 项正确。 9．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Everyone has at least one friend. B．It is unnecessary to make new friends. C．Friendship still exists though there are fewer connections. D．You ought to treat your old and new friends equally. 解析：选 C 句意理解题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping into and out of each ... you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.”可知，尽管人们之间 的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选 C 项。 10．What is the author's opinion on the loyalty to friends? A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens. B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness. C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you. D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke. 解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋 友忠诚的态度是纠正错误但要捍卫他们的优点，即 B 项正确。 11．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss? A．We should accept what we are told to do. B．We should stay silent and be in favor of him. C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong. D．We should give our boss courage to continue. 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可 知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从，即 C 项正确。 D (2017· 山 东 半 岛 联 盟 模 拟 )Whether it's joining a school club, going to a friend's birthday party, or travelling by train, we can meet new people anywhere and anytime in our lives. However, many of us feel awkward when meeting people for the first time, especially when we aren't quite sure what to say. The situation feels cold, even icy. “Breaking the ice” is a term widely used in the Englishspeaking countries to describe a small talk technique that can help rescue a conversation from certain failure. So where do you even begin? Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time. They might look grumpy or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person you've ever met. You might think that breaking the ice is difficult. But sometimes just a simple “hello”， followed by a threesecond smile, can make all the difference. Complimenting someone on their garment or accessories (饰品) is also a great, easy way to break the ice. You might say, “I love your jacket. Where did you buy it from？” Being in an uncomfortable or unpleasant situation with someone new might feel terrible, but it can actually be one of the best icebreakers. By focusing on the situation, you come together to fight the common enemy: The long bathroom queue, for example, or the overcrowded bus. You can make observations too. “What kind of drink is that？” “That's a lovely name. What does it mean ？ ” “Do you study here too ？ ” There are opportunities all around you to ask questions that don't seem weird, as long as you have some followup questions in mind. If you're feeling extra bold, make a joke. Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character. “What's your name？”“Well, people usually call me Mike, but you can call me tonight.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些与陌生人交流时打破僵局的建议。 12．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to develop friendship with a stranger B．Advice on breaking the ice when we communicate with a stranger C．How to become a successful public speaker D．How to start a conversation with a person 解析：选 B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些与陌生人交流时如何打破 僵局的建议。故选 B。 13．The underlined word “grumpy” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “______”． A．easily annoyed B．gentle C．lowspirited D．cheerful 解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据下文中的“or scary, but they could turn out to be the nicest person”可知，画线词应与“scary”并列，都为贬义词；且与“nicest”意思相反。 由此可推知，画线词为描述人性格的贬义词。A 项意为“容易生气的”，符合语境。句意 为：他们可能看起来是脾气暴躁的或者令人害怕的，但实际上他们可能是你遇到的最好的 人。故选 A。 14．What can we learn from the passage? A ． “Breaking the ice” is a small talk technique widely used in our daily communication all over the world. B．As long as you can smile at others, you will make some friends. C．Realizing that it's normal to feel nervous in front of a stranger is a good start to break the ice. D．Being in an uncomfortable situation with some strangers can be the best icebreakers. 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Well, a good start is to accept that it is perfectly normal to feel a little nervous when talking to someone for the first time.”可知，当 你认识到在陌生人面前紧张是正常的事的时候，这是打破僵局的一个好的开始。故选 C。 15．According to the passage, making a joke ________. A．can be done with ease B．leads to many new friends C．can show your wisdom and lovely character D．makes you enjoy your life happily 解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Jokes can be difficult to master but if you get them right, they show the likeable, witty side of your character.”可知，讲笑话会展 现一个人性格中机智、可爱的一面。故选 C。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2017·辽宁部分重点高中协作校高三第一次联考) Do you remember those times when your mother told you to avoid talking to strangers? But now you're not a child anymore. In fact, there are advantages of talking to strangers. You can meet a really great person. __1__ You can meet a person who'll become your best friend in future. You can also meet someone who'll give you a chance to get your dream job or somehow help you in life. __2__ You have some opinion about different subjects and you know your friends' and relatives' points of view about them too. But there are millions of other people who think differently and can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that'll broaden you horizons. You improve your social skills. Whatever social skills you have, you can make them better when talking to strangers. __3__ You can better these skills when talking to a stranger. __4__ If you belong to that shy type of people, talking to a stranger may seem to be a real challenge for you. I'm also extremely shy but I realize it's not an issue at all. You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident. You can cheer someone up. The thing you'll definitely like about talking to strangers is that you can make someone's day better. Smile and people will smile in return. Compliment people and they'll think something pleasant about you. __5__ A．It expands your world view. B．You'll feel an increase in confidence. C．It helps you to become a more talkative person. D．It may show you the solutions you didn't know about. E．Talking to a stranger is a good habit as you never know who you may meet. F．Having a short dialogue is one of those perfect chances to make people cheerful. G．Asking proper questions and attentive listening are two skills that many don't have. 语篇解读：你还记得小时候母亲告诉你不要和陌生人说话吗？但现在你不是一个孩子 了。事实上，和陌生人交谈是有好处的。 1．选 E 根据小标题“You can meet a really great person.”及空格后的“You can meet”“You can also meet”可知答案。 2．选 A 根据下文中的“can give you unpredictable yet smart ideas that'll broaden your horizons”可知答案。 3．选 G G 项中的“two skills”与小标题中的“social skills”、空前的“Whatever social skills”和空后的“these skills”相呼应，故选 G。 4．选 B 根据下文中的“You can overcome your fear of being judged by others by talking to strangers and become more confident.”可知答案。 5．选 F F 项中的“make people cheerful”与本段小标题“You can cheer someone up.”相呼应，故选 F。