【英语】2018届人教版必修4一轮复习：Unit2Workingtheland单元教案（34页） 55页

Unit 2 Working the land单元教案 Periods 1　Warming up and Reading The General Idea of This Period This period includes Warming up,Pre-reading,Reading and Comprehending of Unit 2.It introduces something about agriculture,especially about Dr Yuan and his super hybrid rice.It can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture.In fact this world faces a serious problem—starvation. So after reading the passage about Dr Yuan the students will know the importance of his achievement to man.Of course they will learn from Dr Yuan some noble characters,and learn how they should try their best to make contributions to the society. Teaching Important Points Help the students to understand the passage better. Learn and master the important words and phrases in this period. How to help the students make up their minds to make contributions to the society in the future like Dr Yuan. Teaching Difficult Points How to help the students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better. How to master the important language points in this passage. Teaching Methods Fast reading to get the general idea of the text. Detail reading to understand the passage better. Explanation to help the students master some language points. Discussion to help the students understand better what they’ve learned and to use the knowledge they’ve learned in this period. Teaching Aids A tape recorder A multimedia Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Train the students’ reading ability. Learn the following useful words,expressions and drills: Words:sunburn,struggle,super,expand,circulate,equip,export Expressions:rid...of,be satisfied with,lead a...life,search for,would rather,thanks to,with the hope of,rather than  Drills: ‎1) This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. ‎2) He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life. ‎3) He also doesn’t care about being famous. ‎4) He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. ‎5) His other hobbies include playing mah-jong,swimming and reading. ‎6) Wishing for things,however,costs nothing. Enable the students to learn more about agriculture,countryside and farming.They can exchange their experience with each other by talking and realize the role that agriculture plays in human life from this part. Process and Strategies Fast reading to make the students get the main idea of the passage. Explanation to make the students master some language points. Feelings and Value It can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Warming up  T:Good morning / afternoon everyone. Ss:Good morning / afternoon,teacher. T:In unit 1 the previows we learnt some great women.Today we’ll learn something about a famous man.At first let’s look at the following pictures and tell me what the people are doing? Ss:They are farming. T:Are you from a farmer’s family?What do you know about farming? ‎(Show the following chart word by word on the screen,and ask them to tell more.) soil crops ploughing weather and climate irrigating ‎...‎ T:Maybe everyone knows something about the modern agriculture,but do you know anything about the agriculture in the past?Then show the students the following pictures: Agriculture in the past The modern agriculture Step 2 Pre-reading  The purpose of this step is to let the students know the importance of rice.By answering the two questions,the ‎ students can easily understand why we call Dr Yuan Longping a pioneer for all people,and why he devotes all his life to the rice research. T:What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries? Ss:Rice.It is said that there are 2.4 billion people to eat rice every day throughout the world. T:What do you think would happen if there was suddenly no rice to eat? Ss:If that happened,people there would suffer from starvation.People would be panic(惊慌) and the whole country would get into trouble. T:But today it will not happen because Dr Yuan Longping helps us.So today we’ll learn a passage about Dr Yuan,the Father of hybrid rice.Let’s come to the text. Step 3 Fast reading The reading material is about an agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard at a new strain of rice.It has proved so successful that his technology spread into other countries.The purpose of the fast reading is to let the students find some useful information，and get familiar with the text.So in this step,the teacher can design some questions the for the students,so that they can easily find the answers and finish the reading task. T:Read the text fast and find out the answers to the questions on the screen.Then I’d like to ask you to answer them. Show the questions on the screen and give the students three minutes to read the text quickly. ‎1.What is Dr Yuan’s appearance? ‎2.What’s his achievement? ‎3.Do you think he is a great man?Why?‎ Three minutes later. T:Now who would like to answer the first question? S:1.He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim,strong body.He is more like a farmer than a scientist. T:You are right,very good!What about the second one? S:2.He grows what is called super hybrid rice,which makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice farmers’ producing harvests twice as large as before. T:Do you think he is a great man?Why? ‎(Ss give their own answers.) Step 4 Detailed reading T:Please read the text again,and try to find the answers for the following questions: ‎ I’ll give you four minutes. ‎1.Why did Dr Yuan want to increase the rice output when he was young? ‎2.How does he help rid the world of hunger? ‎3.What kind of life is Dr Yuan leading? ‎4.Use a few words to describe Dr Yuan’s personality. Four minutes later. T:Who have found the answer for the first question? Suggested answers: ‎1.Dr Yuan wanted to increase the rice output because he saw many people go hungry when he was young. ‎2.He helps the world get rid of hunger by producing a hybrid strain of rice which increase the harvest. ‎3.Dr Yuan is leading a simple life,doing his research,listening to his music and riding his motor-bike. ‎4.Dr Yuan is a simple,academic man who is more interested in helping others than being famous. Step 5 Extensive reading  T:Now please read the text for the third time,then fill the following chart: Ss read and fill the chart: NameYuan Longping Born Graduated Appearance He has __________ face and arms.His body is __________ but __________.All this makes him look as a real __________.‎ Achievements He succeeded in __________. He became the first agricultural __________ in the world to grow __________　whose output is high.He helped the government highly increase the __________ of grain.‎ Personality ‎1.care little for __________‎ ‎2.would like to live a life of __________‎ ‎3.has great __________. Step 6 Discussion Do you want to end the famine(饥荒)in the world?If you had the chance to do one thing to help end hunger in the world,what would you do ?  Invent a new kind of plant to produce more food. Find a sort of fertilizer(肥料)to give rice enough nutrition. Stop the pollution to the environment and protect the soil in the field.‎ Step 7 Language points The teacher explains the important words and expressions from the reading.Try to use as many examples as possible to illustrate the point.After illustration,the teacher can give the students some exercise to consolidate their understanding. Step 8 Homework Finish the exercises on Workbook. Prepare for the next class. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 1　Warming up and Reading Language focus ‎1.rid...of　make sb./sth.free from (sb./sth.unpleasant)  e.g.We all wish that we would rid the world of famine. The farmer recently tried to rid the house of rats. ‎2.lead a...life,live a...life e.g.Now we are leading a happy life. In the old days farmers led a terrible life in the country. ‎3.would rather,prefer to  e.g.I’d rather walk than take a bus. I’d rather you knew that now,than afterwards. Record after Teaching ‎　‎ Activities and Research ‎ Research on crops This activity is intended for group cooperation.The students have to assign themselves the work.The students are asked to study three or four crops that are grown on the land,including where it grows;the varieties;its ideal environment.This activity is important for the students as it encourages independent learning and develops research skills. ‎1.Assign each group to find out the information of one kind of crop. ‎2.Students can search some information on the Internet,they can also gain a lot of information from a good set of encyclopedia. ‎3.Encourage them to do the work out of school as homework or independent project work. ‎4.Help the students organize their information under the three headings:geography,varieties and environment. ‎5.When students present their work,praise their efforts in class and give them encouragement and suggestions to improve the quality of their future projects. ‎6.Teacher can also display the students’ projects for other classes and their parents to see. Reference for Teaching Background Information ‎1.Crops ‎1)Cucumbers Cucumbers are grown for eating fresh or preserving as pickles.They must be grown in warm temperatures and full sunlight,and will not stand frost.Cucumbers mature quickly and are best suited to large gardens but can be ‎ grown in small areas if caged or trellised. Cucumbers do best in loose,sandy loam soil but can be grown in any well drained soil.Remove rocks,large sticks and trash before preparing the soil.Leave fine pieces of plant material such as dead grass and small weeds.They will help enrich the soil when turned under.Spade the soil to a depth of 8 to 12 inches.This is about the depth reached by most shovels or spading forks.Turn each shovel of soil completely over so all plant materials are covered with soil. ‎2)Tomatoes Tomatoes are warm season plants requiring at least six hours per day.Temperatures are very important.Most varieties of tomatoes will not set fruit unless the average nighttime temperature stays above 55 degrees.If nighttime temperatures are expected to drop below 55 degrees,protect the plants using a polyethylene film. One of the most common problems with tomatoes is called blossom end rot which appears as a gray or dark leathery scar or rot on the blossom end of the fruit.It is usually caused by sudden or inconsistent moisture levels in the soil.It can also be caused by a lack of calcium in the soil.Another common problem of tomatoes is blossom drop.This can occur if nighttime temperatures drop below 55 degrees and plants are not protected.Germination and tube growth are so slow that the blossoms drop off before they can be fertilized. ‎3)Peas Peas are a frost-hardy,cool-season vegetable that can be grown throughout most of the United States,wherever a cool season of sufficient duration exists.For gardening purposes,peas may be classified as garden peas (English peas),snap peas and snow peas (sugar peas).Garden pea varieties have smooth or wrinkled seeds.The smooth-seeded varieties tend to have more starch than the wrinkled-seeded varieties.The wrinkled-seeded varieties are generally sweeter and usually preferred for home use.The smooth-seeded types are used more often to produce ripe seeds that are used like dry beans and to make split-pea soup.Snap peas have been developed from garden peas to have low-fiber pods that can be snapped and eaten along with the immature peas inside.Snow peas are meant to be harvested as flat,tender pods before the peas inside develop at all.The Southern pea (cowpea) is an entirely different warm-season vegetable that is planted and grown in the same manner as beans. ‎2.Is Organic Food Safe?‎ Yes.Organic food is as safe to consume as any other kind of food.Just as with any kind of produce,consumers should wash before consuming to ensure maximum cleanliness.As cited above,organic produce contains significantly lower levels of pesticide residues than conventional produce.It is a common misconception that organic food could be at greater risk of E.coli contamination because of raw manure application although conventional farmers commonly apply tons of raw manure as well with no regulation whatsoever.Organic standards set strict guidelines on manure use in organic farming:Either it must be first composted,or it must be applied at least 90 days before harvest,which allows ample time for microbial breakdown of any pathogens. Why does organic cost more? The cost of organic food is higher than that of conventional food because the organic price tag more closely reflects the true cost of growing the food:substituting labor and intensive management for chemicals,the health and environmental costs of which are borne by society.These costs include cleanup of polluted water and remediation of pesticide contamination.Prices for organic foods include costs of growing,harvesting,transportation and storage.In the case of processed foods,processing and ‎ packaging costs are also included.Organically produced foods must meet stricter regulations governing all these steps than conventional foods.The intensive management and labor used in organic production are frequently (though not always) more expensive than the chemicals routinely used on conventional farms.There is mounting evidence that if all the indirect costs of conventional food production were factored into the price of food,organic foods would cost the same,or,more likely,be cheaper than conventional food. ‎3.International Coalition Proposes World Hunger Reforms Rome,Italy,May 28 —An international coalition promoting plant-based solutions to world hunger proposed sweeping reforms to delegates to the Food and Agriculture Organization meeting on world food security in Rome.The purpose of the meeting was to repair a flawed process that was supposed to reduce the number of chronically hungry people in the world by half by the year 2015. The coalition’s position paper makes several creative points to clear the impasse: A key root cause of world hunger,aside from natural disasters,pests,and wars,has been the insistence first by colonial powers and now by corporate interests on production of cash crops for export,in place of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible food for the local population. International trade can not solve world hunger because it shifts limited agricultural resources to production of cash crops for export,and people who don’t have access to food and other basic necessities of life have nothing to trade. Western meat industries,facing public awareness of the health impacts and strict environmental regulations at home,seek to exploit the natural resources,cheap labor,and potential markets of low-income food-deficient nations (LIFDNs). The definition of food security as the sustainable availability of sufficient amounts of nutritious,safe,and accessible foodstuffs leads inevitably to the choice of plant-based solutions and the avoidance of animal-based solutions. Affluent nations should act upon their moral obligation to provide the resources necessary to transport and distribute western food surpluses to the world’s hungry people and to help set up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible locally grown plant-based foods.They should reduce their own dependence on animal-based diets to release foodstuffs for the hungry. LIFDNs should scrutinize carefully all offers of resources to make sure that these truly meet their needs,rather than those of western corporate interests.They should insist on building up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible locally grown plant-based foods. In addition to distributing the position paper to the delegates,coalition activists also handed out leaflets at the FAO Rome headquarters.Additional actions are planned in connection with the World Food Summit to be held in Rome in November. Members of the coalition include FARM,a U.S.non-profit organization which has promoted sustainable,humane farming practices since 1976，and two Italian groups,Societa Vegetariana (Milan) and Progetto Vivere Vegan (Florence). ‎4.Hunger:Vegetarian Solutions Now—Vegfam Vegfam is a charitable organization with the mission to feed the hungry without exploit in animals.‎ It was founded in 1963 in England by Chris and Janet Aldous.Later Ruth and Friedenstern Howard became Trustees.Frieden and others continue its work today out of the office in Devon,England.(VEGFAM,The Sanctuary,Nr Lydford,Okehampton,Devon EX20 4AL,England)‎ For over 30 years,Vegfam has been working with and influencing major charities around the world,by co-financing projects that do not exploit animals.Vegfam works through indigenous on-the-spot representatives,and works with existing charities to support immediate and long-term food and water-aid projects.In working with existing charities,Vegfam educates these groups about the need for relief efforts that do not feed the hungry at the expense of animals and the environment.‎ Short-term aid for famine victims includes purchasing grains,legumes,fruits,nuts,and vegetables,and providing water supplies.Long-term aid includes providing seeds for planting,irrigation projects,digging water wells,providing fruit and nut trees,providing vegetable plots and/or training people to grow vegetables,and Leaf Concentrate projects.Some of the countries aided by Vegfam are India,Bangladesh,Vietnam,Sudan,Ethiopia,Nigeria/Biafra,Somalia,Syria,Lebanon,Zimbabwe,and many more.‎ In 1994 help was sent to Angola,Rwanda,and Bosnia.Donations made in 1995 were,in sterling;(1 = about $1.60),and the amounts are small compared to need,to:‎ MALAWI (Monkey Bay) 1000 to finance running a Fruit Tree Nursery.The project is done in conjunction with Concern Universal and the Wildlife Society of Malawi. INDIA (Madurai) 1265 for two wells in Karumbalai for poor villagers who would otherwise have to walk afar.1935 to feed orphans in the orphanage at Chathirpatti.(The orphans are taken in from various disasters in India:flood,earthquake,plague,etc.) Both of these efforts are in support of the work of Pastor Jesudoss. INDIA (Jaipur) 500 for the leaf concentrate child feeding programs run by Find Your Feet. INDIA (Himalayas Kumaon) 500 for a medicinal and culinary herb nursery which will help subsistence farmers earn a living and overcome a food shortage,and preserve the wild-growing herbs that are being excessively harvested. EL SALVADOR 2500 for growing and drying cowpea leaves to add to children’s snacks to alleviate malnutrition,in cooperation with a local agency,and Find Your Feet. So far in 1996 donations have been made to: INDIA,through Pastor Jesudoss:500 to help feed refugees from Sri Lanka,and 1220 to the orphanage. ZAMBIA:3000 for a maize grinding mill,donated through the Zambian Society Of Vegetarians. MEXICO:2000 for a dried leaf project of FIND YOUR FEET with cooperation of a local agency. NIGERIA，and awaiting funding,is a soy flour distribution project to be conducted by the Nigerian Vegetarian Society. ‎5.Something About Chinese Agriculture China is a country whose population ranks the first in the world.In order to feed the whole population,Chinese farmers must produce enough food.On the other hand,they should produce more and better products which can be exported to improve their living standard.But China only has 7% of the land which can be used for farming.Therefore,farmers in China have always been looking for better methods and techniques to produce more food.They have also had to find ways to work on more land with fewer hands.In the past 20 years,great achievements have been made in China and China’s farming.With the help of new techniques and the outstanding work of scientists,China has not only solved the problem of hunger but also taken a lead in agricultural research,especially in super hybrid rice,crop genome,fertilizer and so on,causing products to multiply. ‎ It is a kind of agriculture although there are differences between land agriculture and water agriculture.Fish farming involves human help and produces fish protein crops rather than vegetable or meat protein crops.It has been used for 2000 years in China,Egypt and Rome.Fish can either be kept in earthen ponds or in cages with flowing water passing over the fish.If fish are kept in earthen ponds they can be fed either with extra natural food or with specially produced fish food.If fish are kept in cages they have to be fed on the specially produced fish food.When the fish are ready to be harvested and sold for eating,the earthen ponds can be emptied (if all the fish are to be harvested) or the water reduced (if some of the fish are to remain).In the cages all the fish would be harvested together.There is the problem of disease with fish kept in cages.They are generally too close together so they get lice.These parasites can be killed by giving medicine to the fish.But as time goes by,the medicine is not able to kill all the lice.So if some of the lice get onto the wild fish they kill many of them as wild fish have no medicine to protect them.So fish farming can cause problems for wild populations of fish. ‎6.Modern Agriculture For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China did not change very much.Most farms were ‎ one-family businesses.Although China is a very big country,only 7% of the land can be used for farming.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. It is from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.Chemical fertilization,for example,helps to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to environment.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment. The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.Using the latest technologies,Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses.The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.They are protected from the wind,rain and insects.The temperature is controlled with computers,or kept the same,no matter how the weather is outside. Language points ‎1.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice. 袁博士种植了被人称作超级杂交水稻的稻谷。 what=the thing(s) that This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。 it 在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为to produce...,结构为:动词（make,feel,think,regard...）+it +adj.+ to do。 e.g.We think it important to learn English well.‎ ‎2.Since then,he has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice. 从那以后,他就把毕生精力投入到水稻高产的研究中。 devote oneself to+n./doing 献身于,致力于 注意:to 为介词,后面接v.-ing。类似的短语还有look forward to,listen to,get to,reply to,apologize to,belong to,agree to等等。‎ ‎3.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields.‎ 袁博士寻求一种在不扩大种植面积的情况下提高水稻产量的方法。 注意:search强调搜查,一般表示目标明确范围较小。search sb.搜身;search some place 搜查某地search for 强调寻找,一般表示范围较大。 search for sb.寻找某人 e.g.The police searched the woods for the lost child. 警察在树林里寻找失踪的小孩。 Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold. 科学家们仍然在寻找普通感冒的治疗方法。‎ ‎4.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger. 由于他的研究,联合国正在努力清除世界饥饿。 thanks to=because of;owing to  e.g.Thanks to your support,we won the game. 由于你的支持,我们赢得了比赛。‎ ‎5.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。 倍数词（twice/half/three times/a quarter,etc.）+as + 形容词原级 +as...表示“是……的多少倍”。 e.g.The number of the students in our school is twice as large as that in their school. 我们学校学生的数量是他们学校的两倍。‎ ‎6.However,he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.‎ 但是他很少想到要把钱花在自己的身上,或享受舒适的生活。 lead a...life 过……生活。英语中少数动词,包括一些不及物动词的宾语可能是与它同源的名词类似的短语动词有:die a...death,smile a...smile,dream a...dream,live a...life,sigh a...sigh,etc.。 care (little/much) about:be concerned about“关心,介意”,后面跟从句时,about常省略。 care for:look after 照料;like or want 想要,喜欢 e.g.Albert Einstein didn’t care much about what to wear. Would you help to care for my pet while I am away?‎ ‎7.Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist. 与其说袁博士是一个科学家不如说他是一个农民。 be more than=not only 不仅仅,超过 e.g.Learning is more than reading. be more +A +than +B　与其说是B还倒不如说是A e.g.He is more an ordinary person than a leader. Period 2　Learning about Language The General Idea of This Period This period is about the useful words,expressions and structures learned in the reading part,from the exercises in this period,the students can consolidate what they learnt in the reading part,and learn the grammar about the -ing form as a noun. Teaching Important Points Learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Teaching Difficult Points Learn to use the -ing form as a subject as well as an object. Teaching Methods Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ answers of the exercises;individual,pair or group work to finish each task. Teaching Aids A multi-media computer  A blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Learn some key words: trial,consider,prove,tell the truth,pretend,think highly of,besides Learn some important drills: I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. Besides,my father once told me that any person who finds something could keep it. I must say that I agree with you. I must say that I don’t agree with you. Help the students learn how to use the -ing form as a noun. Enable the students to learn how to make judgments and give their opinions. Process and Strategies The teacher may lead the students to sum up some grammatical items themselves. Give some necessary explanation. Feelings and Value Through the studying of this part the students will know more about the -ing form as a noun.Besides,their ability of transference will be strengthened. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision ‎1.Greetings. ‎2.Ask the students to use the first person to retell the passage about Dr Yuan,and ask them to try to use the proper conjunctions. Step 2 Useful words and expressions T:From the reading part,we can find some useful words and expressions.So now please find the words and expressions that means the same from the text.(Ex.1 on Page 11) After two minutes,the teacher begins to check the answers and give the right answers: Suggested answers: ‎1.sunburnt　2.hunger　3.rid...of　4.expand　5.circulate　‎ ‎6.lead a...life　7.would rather　8.thanks to　9.struggle　10.export T:Now Let’s come to Ex.2.Please complete the passage with words and expressions from the previous sections,then I’ll ask you to give me the answers sentence by sentence. After several minutes,the teacher ask the students to give their answers. Suggested answers: ‎1.prove　2.would rather　3.live a　4.life　5.rid　6.of　7.output　8.increased　9.sunburnt T:How about Ex.3,have you found the answers?I’d like to ask some of you to read the sentences and then give me the answers. Suggested answers: ‎1.super　2.satisfied　3.strain　4.exported　5.suitable Step 3 Discovering useful structures T:Let’s come to discovering useful structures,at first let’s finish the exercises in this part.Do you know what does “ even a poor person can have a wish” mean? S:It means “Wishing for things costs nothing.” T:Very good!Now please rewrite the sentences in Ex.2 on Page 12. After five minutes,the teacher checks the answers.(Ss answer the questions one by one.) Suggested answers: ‎1.Helping people in need of help is nice. ‎2.Growing hybrid rice isn’t easy. ‎3.Learning more about farming isn’t difficult. ‎4.Doing research in the countryside isn’t easy. ‎5.Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries. ‎6.Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. T:Do you think it’s very easy to learn about the -ing form as the subject?But how about the -ing form as the object?Now I’d like to check the answers of Ex.3 on Page 12. ‎(Ss give the answers one by one.) Suggested answers: ‎1.Dr Yuan likes talking to rice growers about his work. ‎2.He continued doing research until a better strain of rice was found. ‎3.Many city kids look forward to visiting the countryside. ‎4.Not all students enjoy working in the fields. ‎5.They started producing hybrid rice in 1974. ‎6.I remember meeting the scientist while he was in Beijing last time. Step 4 Grammar T:Today,we are going to learn the v.-ing as a noun.So at first who can tell me what a noun can be used as in a ‎ sentence?And please give me some examples. S:It can be used as subject.For example:Smoking is harmful to our health. T:Now I think you have known how to use the v.-ing as subject.But how about others? S:It can also be used as object.For example:I have forgotten seeing this film. T:You are right.The v.-ing form can be used as object,too.Now let’s come to know more about it.‎ T:Very good.(The teacher may give a systematical explanation of the grammar.) Step 5 Homework  ‎1.Finish the related exercises on Workbook. ‎2.Prepare for the next class. ‎3.Finish the exercises about the -ing form as the subject and object. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 2　Learning about language ‎1.chemical adj.化学的;关于化学的 chemistry n.化学 ‎2.Phrases that can be used with the -ing form: be good at;care (little) about;dream of;devote...to;see the need for;be afraid of;be concerned about;be interested in Record after Teaching Activities and Research When leading in the grammar part,you may give the students some examples about the -ing form as a noun and encourage the students to sum up the grammatical rules.Then the teacher may ask the students to make up as many sentences as possible to consolidate it. Reference for Teaching Grammar 动名词 一、概述 和不定式一样,动名词也是非谓语动词的一种,它通常由动词原形加-ing构成。动名词有主动和被动两种语态,有一般式,完成式和进行式三种形式。如下表所示:‎ 态 ‎ 时 态 语 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 完成进行式 having been doing 无 动名词仍保留有动词的特征,可以和自己的逻辑主语、宾语和状语等构成动名词短语。动名词具有名词的功能,在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 二、动名词的时态和语态形式 ‎1.动名词的时态形式 ‎①一般式 动名词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或者表示一种无时间性限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。 He enjoys writing letters in English. 他喜欢用英语写信。 Many young people like playing football.许多年轻人喜欢踢足球。 ‎②完成式 动名词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词的动作或状态,如: They regret having been unable to help you.他们为没能帮上你的忙而遗憾。 After having written the letter,he went to post it.他写完信,就去寄它了。 She regretted having missed the film.她后悔没有看到那部电影。 ‎③完成进行式 动名词的完成进行时表示动作发生于谓语动作之前,并一直持续到谓语动词的动作发生之时,‎ 或继续。如: Forgive me for my having been interrupting you so much.原谅我打扰你这么久。‎ ‎2.动名词的被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时,用被动式。如: He climbed through the window without being seen.他从窗口爬进去,没有被人发现。 She needs to work without being disturbed (=without people disturb her). 她要在无人干扰的情况下才能工作。 动名词的被动语态分成一般式和完成式两种。如: The railway is in the process of being constructed. 铁路在兴建中。 After having kept a prisoner in the Bastille for many years,Dr Manette had recently been set free. 曼奈特医生被关在巴士底监狱许多年后,最近获释。 特别提示:-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义 在want,need,deserve,require 等动词后,总是用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,相当于“to be+过去分词”。如: My watch needs repairing (= to be repaired ). 我的手表需要修理。 The house wants cleaning.这房屋需要打扫。 在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样。如: The film is worth seeing.这部影片值得一看。 The place is worth visiting.那个地方值得一游。 三、动名词的否定式 动名词的否定式通常是在动名词前加否定词not。例如: I apologize for my not having kept promise. 我没能遵守诺言,十分抱歉。 I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。 ‎1.作主语 动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式: ‎(1)动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 Talking is easier than doing。说比做容易。 ‎(2)用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun，no use,worth等。例如: It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 It’s worth making the effort. 这事值得去做。 Is it any good trying to explain? 想再解释一次有好处吗? It is pleasant working with you. 跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。 ‎(3)在there be结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do...”。例如: There is no hiding of evil but not to do it. 若要人不知,除非己莫为。 There is no joking about such matter。 这种事开不得玩笑。 There was no knowing when he would leave. 无法知道他什么时候离开。 注意:动名词与不定式作主语时的比较: 动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。例如: As a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure. 还是个孩子的时候,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦。 Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. 到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。 Doing nothing is doing ill. 什么也不做就是作恶。 He said,“To go on like this is no use.” 他说:“继续这样下去是无用的。” It’s an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。 归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有: It +be +a waste of time doing 做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做……是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做……不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做……是值得的 There is no doing 无法……,不允许…… There is no sense in doing 做……没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干……无意义  There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比……更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干……无意义 There was no knowing where we would go. 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There is no point doing such a silly thing. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 注意:There is no need to do sth.干……没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing。 There is no need to tell her.没有必要告诉她。 提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。 My sister’s being ill made we worried. 我姐姐病了,使我很担心。 Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。‎ ‎2.作动词的宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。 ‎（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand等。如: I can’t avoid going.我不能不去。 Have you considered looking for one special friend? 你是否考虑过找一位挚友? We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake. 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? People couldn’t help laughing foolish man. 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。  这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,give up,put off,risk等。 ‎（2）既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。 A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。例如: I considered going,but I have this composition to write. 我考虑要去,可是我要写这篇作文。 I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. 我喜欢从政治、体育及音乐等方面学习新的事情。 We believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air. 我们相信将会有更多的人喜欢乘坐飞机旅行。 在would like／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如: I’d prefer to do that tomorrow.这事我想明天再做。 I’d like to do some shopping,but not during the day. 我倒是想去购物,但又不想白天去。 I’d like you to meet Dr Zhang. 我想让你见一见张医生。 Oh,I would love to be a contestant. 噢,我倒是想做个参赛者。 B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。例如: Jazz started developing in the 1920s in the Southern States. ‎20年代爵士音乐在美国南部各州开始发展。 The ship started to leak and begin to fill with water. 船体开始出现漏洞,并开始进水。 Hank started to walk through the carriages to get back to his seat. 汉克开始走回他自己坐的车厢。 Journalists have to stop working on one story and start working immediately on the important new one. 新闻记者不得不停下手中所写的,立刻开始写最新的重要新闻。 当begin/start 与see,think,feel,understand等动词连用时,用不定式。例如: They began to understand how important the forest is. 他们开始明白森林有多么重要。 begin/start用进行式时,只能后接不定式。例如: I was beginning to wonder if it was easy enough to go on the climbing. 我开始想继续往上爬会不会越来越难。 I’m starting to put on weight again. 我又开始长胖了。 C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,例如: I remember posting the letter. 我记得我已把信寄了。 I’ll remember to post the letter. 我会记着去寄信的。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer. 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 Don’t forget to write to your mother. 不要忘了给你母亲写信。 I regret missing the report. 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret to say I can’t take your advice. 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如try to do (设法),try doing (试试),mean to do (打算,有意要做),mean doing (意思是,意味着)。例如: We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。 Let’s try doing the working in some other way.我们用别的方法做这工作试试。 I didn’t mean to make you angry.我并不想叫你生气。 Your plan would mean spending hours.你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。 E.go on doing 和go on to do go on doing继续做一直在做的事;go on to do接着做另一件事。例如: Please go on doing the same exercise.请接着做这同一个练习。 Please go on to do the other exercise.请做另外一个练习。 F.stop doing与stop to do stop doing停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如: We stopped talking.我们停止了交谈。 We stopped to talk.我们停了下来去谈话。‎ ‎3.作介词的宾语 动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。 A.介词+动名词,如: We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits. 我们得想些办法改变人们的习惯。 I apologize for being so angry with you. 我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。 After being away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up. 离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪。 B.动词+介词+动名词,例如: I insist on taking proper food for this expedition. 我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。 Instead of smiling,each of them made a face. 同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。 She was very interested in working for our company. 她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。 下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devote to,object to,pay attention to,get down to,lead to,look forward to,stick to,be used to等。 Period 3　Extensive Reading The General Idea of This Period This period is about the reading of the passages:Organic farming.It can help the students learn something more about the modern agriculture. Teaching Important Points Help the students to understand the passages and realize the importance of organic farming.‎ Teaching Difficulties How to improve the students’ reading ability. How to help the students understand the advantages of organic farming. Teaching Methods Asking-and-answering activity to check the students’ understanding of the text;individual,pair or group work to finish each task. Teaching Aids A tape recorder A multi-media computer and a blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Train the students’ reading ability. Learn some useful words and drill. Enable the students to know the differences between organic farming and chemical farming. Process and Strategies Pair work to talk about the advantages of organic farming. Individual work to finish each task. Feelings and Value Through the reading of this passage the students may have a better understanding of the advantages of organic farming.It is important as people are more and more concerned about the quality of the food we eat. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Warming up  ‎1.Greetings ‎2.Check the answers of the exercises about the -ing form as the subject and object.‎ Step 2 Reading for structure T:In the Reading part we learnt something about planting rice,but do you know what is the best way to plant rice? Ss:... T:Today we’ll learn a passage about organic farming.Now please read the text and try to find out the main idea of each paragraph.I’ll give you five minutes. ‎( five minutes later ) T:Who would like to tell me the main idea of Paragraph One? S:It’s “What is ‘organic farming’?” T:That’s right.How about Paragraph Two? S:The main idea is “The fertilizer that organic farmers prefer is natural waste from animals”. T:Thank you for your good answers.Let’s come to the next paragraph. S:The main idea for the last paragraph is “Organic farmers change crops every two or three years”. T:Every one has done a good job,I hope everyone got all the answers by yourself.‎ Step 3 Reading for details T:Now please read the passage again,and try to find all the answers for the following questions: ‎1.What is organic farming? ‎2.What problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers? ‎3.Why do organic farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat? T:Finish?Any one gets the answer for the questions? Suggested answers: ‎1.Organic farming means growing crops without chemical fertilizers. ‎2.There are three problems.First,chemical fertilizers affect the soil and the water supply badly.Second,they allow farmers to grow the same crop year after year and exhaust the soil.Third,they kill both helpful and harmful pests. ‎3.Farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat so that peas and beans can put minerals back into the soil,making it rich and healthy and ready to grow more wheat or corn.‎ Step 4 Extensive Reading T:Please read the text for the third time,then fill in the following table. ‎(Five minutes later the teacher check the answers one by one.) Advantages of organic farming Reason ‎1.Farmers use natural waste from animals.‎ ‎1.This makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile.‎ ‎2.The soil is not exhausted.‎ ‎2.Peas and soybeans renew the minerals in the soil and it becomes rich and healthy.‎ ‎3.They use the soil to best advantage.‎ ‎3.They plant crops that need surface soil and next crops that grow at a deeper level.So the wind and water doesn’t carry away the soil.All the richness of the soil is used.‎ Step 5 Retelling T:Now please retell the text according to the following chart,you can discuss in groups.Organic farming ‎1.Crops growing with natural fertilizers. ‎2.Farmers prefer natural waste from animals. ‎①make...richer and more fertile　　①leaving...is not good ‎②reduce...and help...strong　　　②grow...year after year ‎③the fertilizers kill...and healthy ‎④keep free...from chemicals ‎(Three minutes later,the teacher ask some students to have a try)‎ Step 6 Language points Teacher explains the important words and expressions from the reading.Try to use as many examples as possible to illustrate the point.After illustration,teacher can give students some exercise to consolidate their understanding. Step 7 Summary and Homework T:Today we learned a passage about organic farming.If you are interested in it,you may find more information about it on the Internet after class.What’s more,you should finish your workbook exercises.So much for today! The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 3 Working the land Period 3　Extensive reading ‎1.reduce　v.make sth.smaller in size,number,degree,price,etc. e.g.The company tries to increase profits by reducing costs. We have reduced expenses this year. ‎2.supply　v.give sb.sth.that is needed or useful e.g.He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I wrote the report. The shop was unable to supply what she wanted. ‎3.refer to　v.mention or speak of sb./sth. e.g.When I said some people were very stupid,I wasn’t referring to you. Don’t refer to this matter again. Record after Teaching Activities and Research ‎ The teacher may encourage the students who are interested in organic farming to find more information about it and share it with other students in class. Reference for Teaching Language Points ‎1.reduce v.make sth.smaller in size,number,degree,price,etc. e.g.The company tries to increase profits by reducing costs 公司尽力通过减少花销来提高利润。 We have reduced expenses this year. 今年我们已经减少了业务开支。　　‎ ‎2.supply v.give sb.sth.that is needed or useful e.g.He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I wrote the report. 当我写报告时,他不断地给我提供咖啡。 The shop was unable to supply what she wanted. 在这家商店她买不到她所想买的东西。‎ ‎3.refer to v.mention or speak of sb./sth. e.g.When I said some people were very stupid,I wasn’t referring to you. 当我说有些人是很愚蠢的时候,我不是说你。 Don’t refer to this matter again. 别再提这件事了。 Sentences and structures Find out all the sentences with “ v.+ing” forms,and try to remember them. Translate the following sentences,and tell what part of speeches the red parts are used as. ‎1.它也指用自然肥料而不是化肥种植的庄稼。 It also refers to crops growing with natural rather than chemical fertilizers. 注:growing...在句中充当定语。修饰crops。‎ ‎2.他们说,把这种肥料施在农田里会使土壤含有更丰富的矿物质,而（土壤）也会更加肥沃。 Putting this in their fields,they argue,makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile. 注:Putting...在句中充当状语。 ‎3.这一点很重要,因为土壤改良了,农作物的病虫害就减少了,因而有助于农作物的茁壮成长。 This is important because developing a healthy soil reduces diseases in crops and helps them grow strong and healthy. 注:developing...在句中充当主语。‎ ‎4.然而使用化肥会带来很大的问题。 However,using chemical fertilizers is a big problem.‎ ‎5.第一,在田地里长期遗留化学物质对土壤和水源不利。 Firstly,leaving chemicals in the ground for a long time is not good for the soil or the water supply. 注:leaving...在句中充当主语。‎ ‎6.不同的是,有机耕作的农民们坚持每隔两三年换种农作物。 Instead,organic farming insist on changing crops every two or three year. 注:changing...在句中充当宾语。‎ ‎7.这些农作物将矿物质带回土壤,使之肥沃强效,适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物,例如玉米和小麦。 These put the minerals back into the soil,making it rich and healthy and ready to grow crops that need rich and fertile soil like corn or wheat. 注:making...在句中充当状语。‎ ‎8.但无论他们种什么,他们确保在收割后留在地里的东西成为来年农作物的天然肥料。 But whatever they grow they make sure that what is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crops. 注:harvesting...在句中跟after一起充当时间状语。 Period 4　Listening The General Idea of This Period This period aims at training the students’ two skills—understanding general idea and getting detailed information by getting familiar with tones and intonation in spoken English and learning to grasp the key words to help the students to finish the relative exercises.Also in this period the students can meet the theme of this unit again. Teaching Important Points Make sure the students know the importance of tones in spoken English. Help the students learn how to grasp the key words that can help the students to finish the chart. Teaching Difficult Points How to help the students to improve their listening ability. Teaching Methods Listening-and-answer activity to make the students know the importance of tones in spoken English. Doing some writing exercises when they are listening to improve the students’ complex ability of English learning. Teaching Aids A tape recorder,a multi-media computer and a blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Make sure the students know the usage of tones and intonation in spoken English and grasp the methods of getting the general idea and detailed information. Help the students learn some key words and expressions. Help the students learn how to master the words and expressions that can be used to describe farming by listening. Process and Strategies Individual work to finish each task. The teacher may play the tape a few more times to make the students hear clearly. Feelings and Value The students will know more about how to describe farming by listening to the dialogue. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision  ‎1.Greetings. ‎2.T:Last class we learnt something about organic farming,now I want to ask some of you to tell me the advantages of organic farming and the disadvantages of chemical fertilizer. ‎(Revise the main content of last class.)‎ Step 2 Listening on Page 14 Pre-listening The purpose of this story is to illustrate the practical benefits of organic farming methods.It shows the good consequence of using natural fertilizers. Listening Task 1:Ss listen to the tape and fill the chart.( play the tape for three times ) Farming practices Mr Jones’ farm Mr Smith’s farm Crops grown ‎1‎ ‎2‎ Fertilizer ‎3‎ ‎4‎ Other plant nutrition ‎5‎ ‎6‎ Results ‎7‎ ‎8‎ The teacher asks some students to give their answers,and give the right answers. Suggested answers:‎ ‎1.carrots;cucumbers;pumpkins　2.carrots;cucumbers;pumpkins　3.chemical　4.natural　5.water　6.water　7.empty inside　8.solid and healthy inside Step 3 Listening on Page 48 The purpose of the listening passage is for the students to realize that deserts are not inevitable.They have come about through neglect over a long period of time.Ss give their ideas about deserts before listening. Task 1:The students listen to the tape twice and finish Wb Ex.1 and 2 on Page 48,then check the answers. Suggested answers: Ex.1:Fertile farmland (1)　　Land becomes dry (3) Soil is blown away (5)　　　　　　　Not enough water (2) Plants die (4)　　　　　　　Soil turns to sand (6) Ex.2:1.A;C　2.D3.C Task 2:Ss listen to the tape for the third time and discuss in pairs: What advantages do you think there are in turning desert back into farmland? Ask some students to give their own answers,then show the students the suggested answer: I think the advantages are:firstly,there is more land that can be used to grow food;secondly,the desert can be stopped from expanding. Step 4 Homework ‎1.Finish the listening exercised on the English weekly. ‎2.Prapere for the next class. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 4　Listening ‎1.nutrition n.营养;滋养;食物 ‎2.Listening skill: When you listen to the tape,you should write down some key information about the exercises.‎ Record after Teaching Activities and Research  To fully understand the advantages of organic farming,the students may be asked to carry out a research into the benefits of organic farming. Reference for Teaching Learning Tips 听力的解题技巧 解题时间紧、任务重、难度大,这就要求学生不仅有扎实的听力基础,较强的听力能力,丰富的语言知识,还要具有敏捷的反应速度和正确的解题方法、解题对策、应试技巧,以巧取胜。总的说来,要注意以下技巧的培养。 ‎1.关注所给题干,作好听前预测 利用听录音前的时间,迅速地捕捉每个小题题干选项所提供的信息,预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容,这样听录音材料时就有的放矢,有所侧重,提高答题的准确率。但也看实际情况,针对不同题型,不同长度的选择题来把握听前的预测方向。听时注意wh-项目（who,what,when,where,why,how,how long,how soon,how much,how many,which）等方面的信息。‎ ‎2.抓关键词和主题句 例:NMET 2000,12 Who are the two speakers? A.A man and his wife. B.A man and his sister. C.A man and his girlfriend. 如果我们在听时能抓住听懂所在材料中的这样一句话: It’s quite unlike when we were first married.若能抓住married 这样的关键词,便能选出A项。 但听的过程中也要顾及全局,不要过于偏重于某一词或某一句,造成一叶障目,不见泰山。‎ ‎3.脑记与笔记相结合。 这对于做第二节(较长对话和独白)的题尤为重要。 笔记的技巧可分为以下三种: ‎1）提纲挈领,记主题句。听录音时记下含信息量多的句子或关键词或词组,按照原文信息逐一记录。其特点是条理分明、全面,有利于对全文的记忆和理解。 ‎2）利用缩写词和符号。 做笔记时充分利用缩写词和符号,可以大大提高笔记的速度。缩写词表示的范围很广,如人名、地名、月份、星期等。代用符号也很多。如:？—question; =—is like,the same;≠—Not equal,is not like,different ; e.g.—for example; >—greater than ; < —less than ; ∵—because; ∴—so ;学生应在日常学习中掌握缩写词。 ‎3）自造缩写词。对一些词采取自己认可的简略形式,也是行之有效的速记方式。‎ ‎4.没听懂时的对策。 听力考试不同于其他的考试类型,考试信息一读而逝,“从不为谁停留”。尤其是第一节,虽然是简短对话,但仅读一遍。所以一定要有充分的心理准备,某些地方听不懂是很正常的,而且没有什么思考的余地,所以要学会放弃,不可紧张。否则会影响做下面试题的情绪。 Period 5　Speaking and Writing The General Idea of This Period This period aims at encouraging the students to learn how to describe the advantages of the organic food and the disadvantages of the food with chemical fertilizer,and how to write a poster about it. Teaching Important Points Get the students to learn to write a poster. Enable the students to grasp the usage of the words,expressions and the drills they learnt in this unit. Teaching Difficult Points How to write a poster in a correct way. Teaching Methods Create some situations for the Ss to talk actively in public. Practice to improve the students’ writing ability. Teaching Aids A multimedia computer Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Get the students to learn how to write a poster. Help the students consolidate the words,expressions and drills learnt in this unit. Process and Strategies Encourage the students to describe the advantages and disadvantages by offering examples. Feelings and Value As people are more and more concerned about the quality of the food they eat,this topic is more and more meaningful.Through the study of this part not only will they know more about the quality of food,but also they will learn about how to persuade others to buy the food you have proposed. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Revision ‎1.Greetings. ‎2.Ask the students to tell the words,expressions and drills that can be used to describe organic farming. Step 2 Reading This is the first step of Reading,Speaking and Writing.In the three steps,the teacher should remind the students that they should get the key words of the passage when they do some reading,in order to get a good understanding and make a good base for the writing;for speaking,they should attend to what they will do.Be careful not to be off the point;for writing,the most important thing is to practise writing useful words,phrases,instead of the whole sentences. After the students get known about the rules,ask them to read the short passage in Ex.1 Page 15,and ask the students to find out the key points of the passage. The suggested answer:‎ Advantage Disadvantage ‎1.Healthy and safe ‎1.People don’t know about the food and how good it is.‎ ‎2.Free of chemical fertilizers ‎2.More expensive than other food which is not so safe.‎ ‎3.Grown away from industrial areas ‎4.Away from dirty water supplies T:Now let’s learn how to use these words to persuade people to buy your food!Let’s come to next part. Step 3 Speaking Task 1:The students try to find reasons to persuade people to buy their food.Use the above words about the content of the short passage and the following expressions: I would rather... I don’t like because... I’d prefer...because... It’s a great pity that... Should I /we...? It’s better to... This is good value because... If I have a choice I’d choose...because... What is the advantage of? You need to... After three minutes,the teacher asks some students to act out their dialogue.( In pairs,one is the farmer,the other one is a customer.)‎ Step 4 Writing  Pre-writing This exercise lets students collect and list information,then select what they think is most important and organize it for presentation. Task 1:The students gather information that they need and plan what they want to write. While-writing Task 2:The students write a poster to encourage more people to buy their green food. ‎1.The students select and organize what they want to write and write a poster. ‎2.The students check their mistakes in their poster. ‎3.The students rewrite their poster. An example of how to present a poster Buy the best fruits here. We only sell green food in this shop! Best choice at best price! Safe,healthy,clean,fresh.Far away from any pollution. No chemical fertilizer,all organic fertilizers Clean air,clean water No poison,no pesticides Home in heaven Healthy food means healthy life. Far away from diseases,without worries,full of happiness.( one reason ) After-writing The students show their poster in class. Writing tips In writing a poster,make sure it has: ‎☆An attractive title; ‎☆Explain the reasons that you sell green food; ‎☆Explain why your green food is of good value; ‎☆Try to write correct and clear sentences. Step 4 Homework ‎1.Compare the poster with the suggested answers,and remember the useful expressions. ‎2.Prepare for the next class. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 5　Speaking and writing In writing a poster,make sure it has: ‎☆An attractive title; ‎☆Explain the reasons that you sell green food; ‎☆Explain why your green food is of good value; ‎☆Try to write correct and clear sentences. Record after Teaching Activities and Research ‎ To make preparations for this period,you may ask the students to find some related information on the Internet.A discussion is suggested to get enough information they need. Reference for Teaching Learning Tips 写作中的常用句型 以下是写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式,每组句式的功能相同或相似,考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1~2个,作到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 ‎1.表示原因  ‎1）There are three reasons for this. ‎2）The reasons for this are as follows. ‎3）The reason for this is obvious. ‎4）The reason for this is not far to seek. ‎5）The reason for this is that... ‎6）We have good reason to believe that... 例如: There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid,and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注:如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。例如:Great changes have taken place in our life.There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。 ‎ ‎2.表示好处 ‎1）It has the following advantages. ‎2）It does us a lot of good. ‎3）It benefits us quite a lot. ‎4）It is beneficial to us. ‎5）It is of great benefit to us. 例如: Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.‎ ‎3.表示坏处  ‎1）It has more disadvantages than advantages. ‎2）It does us much harm. ‎3）It is harmful to us. 例如: However,everything divides into two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.‎ ‎4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能  ‎1）It is important（necessary,difficult,convenient,possible）for sb.to do sth. ‎2）We think it necessary to do sth. ‎3）It plays an important role in our life. 例如: Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon,computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.‎ ‎5.表示措施  ‎1）We should take some effective measures. ‎2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties. ‎3）We should do our utmost in doing sth. ‎4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with. 例如: The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.‎ ‎6.表示变化  ‎1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years. ‎2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. ‎3）The computer has brought about many changes in education. 例如: Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.‎ ‎7.表示事实、现状  ‎1）We cannot ignore the fact that... ‎2）No one can deny the fact that... ‎3）There is no denying the fact that... ‎4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. ‎5）However,that’s not the case. 例如: We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these ‎ problems,we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.‎ ‎8.表示比较 ‎1）Compared with A,B... ‎2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV. ‎3）There is a striking contrast between them. 例如: Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.‎ ‎9.表示数量  ‎1）It has increased（decreased）from...to... ‎2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800 000. ‎3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January 例如: With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased. 再如: From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.‎ ‎10.表示看法 ‎1）People have（take,adopt,assume）different attitudes towards sth. ‎2）People have different opinions on this problem. ‎3）People take different views of（on）the question. ‎4）Some people believe that...Others argue that... 例如: People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers. 再如: Do “lucky numbersreally bring good luck？Different people have different views on it. 注:一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。 ‎ ‎11.表示结论  ‎1）In short,it can be said that... ‎2）It may be briefly summed up as follows. ‎3）From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that... 例如: From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however,its method should be improved. 注:例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 ‎ ‎12.套语  ‎1）It’s well known to us that... ‎2）As is known to us,... ‎3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about. ‎4）From the graph（table,chart）listed above,it can be seen that... ‎5）As a proverb says,“Where there is a will,there is a way.”  例如: As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower”.‎ As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate. 再如: Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it. Period 6　Assessment The General Idea of This Period This period is to help the students to elevate their acquisition about farming and their ability of employing the expressions and grammar learned in this unit. Teaching Important and Difficult Points Help the students learn to assess whether their knowledge about this topic has increased. Teaching Methods Question-and-answer activity  Pair work and group work to make the students work in class. Teaching and learning Aids A multimedia A blackboard Three Dimensional Teaching Aims Knowledge and Skills Elevate efficiently the students’ knowledge about farming. Elevate the students ability of using the expressions and grammar learned. Process and Strategies Check up what they have learned in this module by evaluation and tests. Feelings and Value Through this part the students will surely know what they have mastered and haven’t mastered,and thus work hard to consolidate it. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Greetings  T:Good morning,boys and girls. Ss:Good morning,Miss/Mr... Step 2 Revision T:So far we have finished this unit which is about...? Ss:It’s about a story about Dr Yuan Longping and a passage about organic farming. T:In this unit we also learnt some drills about giving suggestions and advice,do you still remember them? Ss:Yes. Step 3 Assessment T:Today we are going to see how hard you worked and how much more you know about farming.‎ 非测试性评价 A quiz about farming. Tick the statements according to what you do or think. ‎1.I can easily name ten kinds of agricultural production. ‎2.I have visited the countryside several times. ‎3.I can clearly tell the advantages of organic farming and the disadvantages of the chemical fertilizer. ‎4.I think everyone should know something about farming and the importance of the green food. ‎5.I believe the farming in China will be developed better and better. 测试性评价 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.H　　　 is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. ‎2.The o　　　 of grain has doubled in China in the last ten years. ‎3.He enjoys playing the v　　　 while his brother likes singing. ‎4.Are you s　　　 with your exam result? ‎5.N　　　 fertilizers are better than chemical ones. ‎6.The American people 　　　(斗争)to get independence from Britain. ‎7.His skin is black because he got 　　　 (日晒) in his holiday. ‎8.Middle school students are not allowed to drive 　　　（摩托）. ‎9.China is rich in 　　　 （矿产） resources. ‎10.It is 　　　 （肯定）that the weather is turning warm. Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1.I don’t like playing football.But I like playing basketball. I _________ playing basketball _________ playing football. ‎2.It is necessary for me to buy a new bike. ‎__________________ is necessary. ‎3.The new building is 200 metres high.The old building was only 50 metres high. The new building is __________________ as the old building. ‎4.Bob awoke from his dream with the hope that he can could buy a new car. Bob awoke from his dream with the hope of __________________. ‎5.Ben went closer to the painting in order to see it clearly. Ben went closer to the painting __________________ he could see it clearly. Ⅲ.用动词的正确形式填空 ‎1.It was useless __________ (study) for such an examination. ‎2.I hate __________ (look) at when I am doing lessons. ‎3.He regretted __________　 (make) the decision too hastily. ‎4.I forget __________ (see) you there. ‎5.He meant __________ (train) the boy to be a good swimmer. ‎6.It was time for work.They stopped __________ (play) cards. ‎7.The patient insisted on __________ (operate) on even if there is little hope of success. ‎8.He is devoted to __________ (set) up more schools for poor children. ‎9.He walked quietly,afraid of __________ (frighten) the snake. ‎10.I saw Tom __________ (lean) over the fire. Ⅳ.阅读下面一段短文,用所给动词的正确形式填空。 born regard search for devote expand thanks to rid satisfied with would rather lead He wants everyone to call him a farmer.For that’s how he ___1___ himself. ___2___ into a poor farmer’s family in 1931,Dr Yuan graduated from SouthWest Agriculture college in 1953.Since then,he has ___3___ his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.Dr Yuan ___4___ a way to increase rice harvests without ___5___ the area of fields. ___6___ his research,the UN is trying to ___7___ the world of hunger.You might guess that Dr ‎ Yuan,who is now rich and famous,is ___8___ his life.However,he cares about little spending the money on himself or ___9___ a comfortable life.Indeed,he believes that a person with too much money has more, ___10___ few troubles. Ⅴ.单项选择 ‎1.I know Bob is not much of a football player,but when it ________ to maths,he is among the top three in the class. A.refers　　　　　　B.goes　　　　　　C.comes　　　　　D.concerns ‎2.I know it’s not important,but I can’t help ________ about it. A.to think　　　　　　　B.and think　　　　　　　C.thinking　　　　　　　D.being thought ‎3. ________ several times the young scientist still kept on making his experiments. A.Having been failed　　　　　　　B.Having failed C.Though failed　　　　　　　 D.Because of failure ‎4.You can’t imagine ________ great trouble we have taken ________ enough food and water to those suffering the terrible disease. A.what;to provide　　　　　　　B.so;to supply C.how;to give　　　　　　　 D.what;to supplying ‎5.What he said suggested the murderer referred to ________ at once. A.being shot　　　　　　　B.be shot　　　　　　　C.was shot　　　　　　　D.be shot at  ‎6.—What did you mean by saying that? ‎—I mean no harm.I only ________. A.mean helping　　　　　　　B.want to help C.meant to help　　　　　　　D.want helping ‎7.Tom wanted his TV ________,but his wife would rather have it ________ off. A.fixed;thrown　　　　　　　 B.to be fixed;be thrown C.fixed;throwing　　　　　　　D.to be fixed;throwing ‎8.The theory many scientists have stuck to ________ correct. A.prove　　　　　　　 B.proving　　　　　　　 C.being proved　　　　　　　 D.proves  ‎9.—It’s getting colder and colder,and I have to buy some clothes. ‎—They’ve ________ the prices in the shop,so it’s a good time to buy. A.increased　　　　　　　B.reduced　　　　　　　C.raised　　　　　　　D.down ‎10. ________ the news of his father’s death,he burst into tears. A After hearing　　　　　B.On hearing　　　　　C.Having heard　　　　　D.Heard ‎11.Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa. A.invited　　　　　B.to invited　　　　　C.being invited　　　　　D.had been invited ‎12.The secretary worked late into the night, ________ a long speech for the president. A.to prepare　　　　　　　B.preparing　　　　　C.prepared　　　　　D.was preparing ‎13.After moving into the town,my wife did some washing for the rich so that we had just enough to ________ our expenses. A.support　　　　　　　B.satisfy　　　　　　　C.cover　　　　　　　D.serve ‎14.The project will ________ the city’s telephone network to cover 1 000 000 users. A.make　　　　　　　B.broaden　　　　　　　C.expand　　　　　　　D.widen  ‎15.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ________ behind his back. A.being tied　　　　　　　B.having tied　　　　　　　C.to be tied　　　　　　　D.tied ‎16. ________ a reply,he decided to write again. A.Not receiving　　　　　　　 B.Receiving not C.Not having receiving　　　　　　　D.Having not received ‎17. ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk　　　　　　　B.Walking　　　　　　　 C.To walk　 　　　　　　D.Walk ‎18.We agreed to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide. A.whatever　　　　　B.whomever　　　　　C.whichever　　　　　D.whoever  ‎19. ________ the new policy,we are now having a happy life. A.Thanks to　　　　　　　B.Because　　　　　　　C.For　　　　　　　D.Thanks for  ‎20.It is ________ that he will attend this party. A.certain　　　　　　　B.sure　　　　　　　C.uncertain　　　　　　　D.surly  ‎21.—Do you mind if I open the window? ‎—________ I feel a bit cold. A.Of course not.　　　　　　　B.I’d rather you didn’t. C.Go ahead. 　　　　　　　D.Why not? ‎22.What a hard life they ________!You should have helped him. A.had　　　　　　　B.led　　　　　　　C.played　　　　　　　D.made  ‎23.The news of enemy’s defeat quickly ________ round the town. A.told　　　　　　　B.said　　　　　　　C.circulated　　　　　　　D.spreaded  ‎24.“ Can’t you read?”Lily said ________ to the notice. A.angrily pointing　　　　　　　B.and point angrily C.angrily pointed　　　　　　　 D.and angrily pointing ‎25.Charles Bablackboardage is generally considered ________ the first computer. A.to invent　　　　　　　 B.inventing C.to have invented　　　　　　　 D.having invented ‎26.Rather than ________ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ________ a bicycle. A.ride;ride　　　　　　　B.riding;ride　　　　　C.ride;to ride　　　　　D.to ride;riding ‎27.If you’re ________ about anything,phone my office. A.confused　　　　　B.confusing　　　　　　　C.wonder　　　　　　　D.wondering  ‎28.After he was knocked down by a bike,he was badly hurt and had to ________ to his feet. A.stand　　　　　　　B.struggle　　　　　　　C.run　　　　　　　D.sit ‎29.—I must apologize for ________ ahead of time. ‎—That’s all right. A.letting you not know　　　　　　　B.not letting you know C.letting you know not　　　　　　　D.letting not you know ‎30.We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A.having met　　　　　　　B.meeting　　　　　　　C.to meet　　　　　　D.to have met Keys: Ⅰ.1.Hunger　2.output　3.violin　4.satisfied　5.Natural　‎ ‎6.struggled　7.sunburnt　8.motorcycles　9.mineral　10.certain Ⅱ.1.prefer;to　2.Buying a new bike for me　3.four times as high　4.buying a new car　5.so that / in order that Ⅲ.1.studying　2.being looked　3.making　4.seeing　5.to train　6.playing　7.being operated　8.setting　9.frightening　10.leaning Ⅳ.1.regards　2.Born　3.devoted　4.searched for　5.expanding　‎ ‎6.Thanks to　7.rid　8.satisfied with　9.leading　10.rather than Ⅴ.1.C　come to 谈到,说到。例如:When it comes to tennis,you can’t beat her.说到打网球,你是赢不了她的。 ‎2.C　can’t help doing sth.意为 “忍不住,禁不住做某事”。该句的含义为“我知道这并不重要,但我忍不住总去想它”。  ‎3.B　该句的含义是“失败了好几次之后,这个年轻的科学家仍然继续他的实验”。fail一词与该句的主语the young scientist逻辑上是主谓关系,所以fail应用现在分词形式;又因为fail这一动作在谓语动词keep on making his experiments动作之前,所以还要用现在分词的完成式。‎ ‎4.B　句意为:你无法想像我们费了多大的劲向遭受严重疾病的人们提供足够的食物和水。We have taken是定语从句修饰先行词trouble,构成take great trouble to do sth.。提供某人某物用provide sth.for sb.或supply sth.to sb.。 ‎5.B　what he said在句中作主语,suggested是谓语动词,表示“建议”,在后面的宾语从句中,referred to作murderer的定语,谓语动词应该用虚拟语气。 ‎6.C　该题问句中的mean表示“意思是……,含……意思”,后面要接名词或动名词,答句中的mean表示“意欲,意指,企图”,后面要接不定式。该句的含义是“你那么说什么意思?”“我没有什么恶意,我只是想帮忙”。 ‎7.A　该题第一个空既可以用fixed,也可以用to be fixed;使意动词have在高中英语中的作用与考查的频率相当高,在“have+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中,宾语补足语既可以用do,也可以由doing,done来充当,要根据上下文灵活应用。在该句中因为it (代替前句的TV)与throw之间为被动关系,故用过去分词throw作宾补。 ‎8.D　这句话的主语是the theory,proves作谓语动词。 ‎9.B　句意为:商店已经降低了,商品的价格看来现在是买东西的时候。 ‎10.B　On hearing the news of his father’s death...意为As soon as he heard the news of this father’s death...。该题也可以用现在分词的一般式hearing作状语,但不可以用现在分词的完成式(C项),因为“他突然哭了”这一动作与“听到爸爸去世”这一动作几乎是同时发生的。 ‎11.A　句中的Most of the artists与invite之间为被动关系,而且表示的是完成的动作,所以答案应选择A。句子的意思是:“应邀参加晚会的大多数艺术家均来自于南非。”过去分词invited在句中作定语,其作用相当于Most of the artists that were invited to the party were from South Africa. ‎12.B　用现在分词作伴随状语。A项不定式,可以作目的状语,但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D属语法错误。 ‎13.B　本题考查动词辨析。根据语境,此处用satisfy表示“满足消费需要”。 ‎14.C　本题考查动词辨析。expand表示“展开;在尺寸、体积或范围等方面变大”。 ‎15.D　在with结构中,hands与tie之间是被动关系,故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动,还表示动作已完成,故排除A、C项。 ‎16.C　receive与主句的主语he之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用现在分词,但主句中的again又暗示,分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,因此用现在分词的完成式。not必须置于分词之前。此句可理解为As／Since he hadn’t received a reply,he decided to write again. ‎17.B　动名词作主语通常表示习惯性、经常性、不具体的动作。而不定式作主语则表示一次性、特指、未来、具体的动作。原题中的a good form暗示,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。 ‎18.D　本题考查连词的使用。根据对句子成分的分析,本句缺少引导宾语从句的连词,同时在宾语从句中作主语,表示人的连词,应选择whoever。 ‎19.A　B、C两项引导从句,且for常不能位于句首,无D项表达法。 ‎20.A　本题主要辨析certain与sure。句意为:他肯定参加这次晚会。be certain of/about＝be sure of/about,但是在it is certain that...句型中不可以用sure 代替certain。 ‎21.B　本题考查口语情景问答。从后面的意思分析,此处应该表示“不同意”,也就是“介意”,所以使用B项,表示委婉的拒绝。 ‎22.B　“they+空白处”作后置定语,修饰life,lead (led) a hard life“过着艰苦的生活”。 ‎23.C　句意为:敌人战败的消息很快传遍整个镇。circulate循环,流传。spread过去时态是spread。 ‎24.A　“生气地”是用来说明说话时的表情,应放在被修饰词said的后面,选择A或C;“指着”这一动作的逻辑主语是Lily,应该用现在分词作伴随状语。全句意思是:“你不会看吗?”莉莉指着布告生气地说。 ‎25.C　consider sb.to do sth.。“认为某人做某事”这是一惯用法,且原题中的the first computer这一信息词语暗示,invent这一动作发生在consider之前,因此用不定式的完成式,这句话可理解为People generally consider Charles Bablackboardage to have invented the first computer.原题是该句的被动语态。 ‎26.C　prefer后可接不定式,也可接动名词,接动词不定式通常与rather than连用,表示否定。其正常语序是:He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.该句还可以这样表达:He always prefers riding a bicycle to riding on a crowded bus.即prefer后接动名词时,常与介词to连用,表示否定,意为:“喜欢做……而不喜欢做……”。 ‎27.A　句意为:如果你对任何问题有疑问,打我办公室的电话。 ‎28.B　struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来。 ‎29.B　letting是介词for的宾语,且否定词not置于动名词之前。 ‎30.C　动词agree只接不定式作宾语,不可以接动名词作宾语,所以答案要在C和D中选择。不定式一般式to meet表示动作发生在agree之后或与agree同时发生,而完成式to have met则表示该动作发生在agree之前,与题意不符。题意是:“我们约定在这儿见面,但她到现在还没来”。 The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard Unit 2　Working the land Period 6　Assessment ‎1.Name ten kinds of agricultural production. ‎2.Tell the advantages of organic farming and the disadvantages of the chemical fertilizer. Record after Teaching Activities and Research ‎ The students may find more to consolidate their knowledge in this unit.And they may also find some topics about agriculture to discuss. Reference for Teaching 高考链接 ‎1. I can’t stand __________ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses 　　　talking while she works. A.working;stopping　　　　　　　B.to work;stopping　 C.working;to stop　　 　　 　　D.to work;to stop 赏析:选C。stand意为“忍受”,后接动词-ing形式作宾语,表示忍受做某事。refuse意为“拒绝”,后接不定式作宾语,表示拒绝做某事。 ‎2. Eugene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions.It’s no use __________ with him. A.to argue　　　　　　　　B.arguing　　　　　　　　 C.argued　　　　　　　　D.having argued 赏析:选B。It’s no use 后接-ing 形式。It 是形式主语,动词-ing 形式作真正的主语,表示“做某事没有用处”。 ‎3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket ________ the desert. A.covering　　　　　　　　B.covered　　　　　　　　C.cover　　　　　　　D.to cover 赏析:选A。动词-ing形式作定语表示主动意义,即表示blanket是cover的动作执行者。说明野花就像橘黄色的柔软的地毯覆盖在沙漠上。 ‎4. Isn’t it time you got down to ________ the papers? A.mark　　　　　　　　B.be marked　　　　 C.being marked　　　　　D.marking 赏析:选D。get down to意为“开始,着手”,to是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语。表示“难道没有到你开始批改论文的时间吗？” ‎5. It is difficult to imagine his ________ the decision without any consideration.‎ A.to accept　　　　　　B.accept　　　　　　C.accepting　　　　　　D.accepted 赏析:选C。imagine后接动词-ing形式作宾语,表示“想像,设想;猜想,推测”。his accepting是动词-ing形式的复合结构。 ‎6. Accustomed to ________ the steep mountains,he had no difficulty reaching the top. A.climbing　　　　　　　B.climb　　　　　C.having climbed　　　　　D.have climbed 赏析:选A。accustomed to表示“习惯于（某事）”,to是介词,后接“动词-ing形式”作宾语。‎ ‎7. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time ________ the exam.‎ A.pass　　　　　　　B.to pass　　　　　　　C.passed　　　　　　　D.passing 赏析:选D。此题考查动词have的用法。have后可接宾语再接动词的-ing形式表示“遇到”。本题意为“他生病在床将近两个月,要通过考试很困难”。由句意可知,此处应用动词的-ing形式。故选项D为正确答案。 ‎8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. A.smoke　　　　　　　B.smoking　　　　　　　C.to smoke　　　　　　　D.smoked 赏析:选B。本题考查非谓语动词作主语补足语的用法。本题中的smoke是he发出的动作,所以应该用主动语态,故此空应填smoking。故选项B正确。 ‎9. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.‎ A.find　　　　　　　B.to find　　　　　　　C.on finding　　　　　　　D.in finding 赏析:选C。此题考查固定词组的用法。insist on doing sth.为固定用法,意为“坚持干某事”,故正确答案为C。‎  ‎10.（经典例题）________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A.Exposed　　　　　　　B.Having exposed C.Being exposed　　　　 D.After being exposed 赏析:选C。从句意可看出,需选一词作主语,且expose与one’s skin构成动宾关系。故应选用动名词的被动式。 ‎11. ________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.‎ A.The president will attend　　　　　　　B.The president to attend  C.The president attended　　　　　　　 D.The president’s attending 赏析:选D。本题考查的是非谓语动词。句子缺少的成分是主语,在四个选项中,只有D符合。故选项D正确。 ‎12.（经典例题）One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them. A.correct　　　　　　　B.correcting　　　　　　C.corrects　　　　　D.to correct 赏析:选B。本题考查的是动名词形式。根据文中的并列连词and可知,and前后连接相同的成分,所以此空应填correcting。故选项B 正确。 ‎13.（经典例题）—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?‎ ‎—The key ________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers. A.to solving;making　　　　　　　B.to solving;made  C.to solve;making　 　　　　　　D.to solve;made  赏析:选B。the key to...意为“……的关键”,to 为介词;而且 demand与 make 构成动宾关系。‎ ‎14. According to a recent U.S.survey,children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV.‎ A.to watch　　　　　　B.to watching　　　　　　C.watching　　　　　　D.watch 赏析:选C。spend...doing sth.花费时间做某事。