2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5Meetingyourancestors单元学案（19页word解析版） 19页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit5Meeting your ancestors单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 ‎△identify  [aiˈdentifai] vt.确认；识别；鉴别 alternative  [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] n. 可能的选择 adj. 供选择的；其他的 ‎△archaeology  [ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi] n. 考古学(<美>archeology)‎ ‎△archaeological [ˌa:kiə'lɔdʒikəl] adj.考古学的；与考古学有关的 (<美>archeological)‎ ‎△archaeologist  [ˌɑ:kiəˈlɔdʒist] n. ‎ 考古学家 (<美>archeologist)‎ starvation [stɑ:ˈveiʃən] n. 挨饿；饿死 tentative  [ˈtentətiv] adj. 试探性的；不确定的 accuracy  [ˈækjurəsi] n. 精确；准确 ‎△excavate [ˈekskəveit] vt. 挖掘；发掘 ‎△excavation n. 挖掘；发掘 interrupt  [ˌintəˈrʌpt]vt. & vi.打断……讲话；打岔； 暂时中断或中止 acute  [əˈkju:t] adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的 assume  [əˈsju:m] vt. 假定；设想 regardless  [riˈgɑ:dləs] adv.不管；不顾 regardless of 不管；不顾 mat [mæt] n. 席子；垫子 quilt  [kwilt] n. 被子；棉被 beast  [bi:st] n. 野兽 ‎ at most 至多；最多 centimetre  [ˈsentiˌmi:tə] n.厘米 ‎ ‎(<美>centimeter)‎ sharpen  [ˈʃɑ:pən] vi. & vt. （使）锋利；尖锐；清晰 sharpener n. 磨具；削具 cut up 切碎 ‎△scrape  [skreip]vt.擦净；削平；磨光 ‎△scraper n. 刮刀；刮削器 ample [ˈæmpəl] adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的 messy  [ˈmesi] adj. 凌乱的；脏的 primitive  [ˈprimitiv] adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的 ‎△bead  [bi:d] n. 小珠子；滴 botany  [ˈbɔtəni] n. 植物学 botanical  [bəˈtænikəl] adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的 analysis  [əˈnæləsis] n. 分析 seashell ['si:ʃel] n. 海贝壳 ripen [ˈraipən] vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟 category [ˈkætigəri]n. 种类;类别；范畴 significance  [sigˈnifikəns] n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 somehow [ˈsʌmhau] adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地 systematic [ˌsistiˈmætik] adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的 spit [spit] vt. (spat) 吐出（唾液、食物等） vi.吐痰 delete  [diˈli:t] vt. 删；删除 album  [ˈælbəm] n.相册；集邮册；唱片 scratch  [skrætʃ] n. （刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠 ‎ ‎ vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏 academy  [əˈkædəmi] n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校 receptionist  [riˈsepʃənist] n.接待员；招待员 onion  [ˈʌnjən] n. 洋葱 kindergarten [ˈkindəˌgɑ:tn] n. 幼儿园 skateboard  ['skeitbɔ:d] n. 滑板 fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦 yogurt ['jəugə:t] n. 酸乳酷；酸奶 radioactive  [ˈreidiəuˈæktiv] adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的 radioactivity[ˌreidiəuækˈtiviti]n.放射性 division  [diˈviʒən] n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线 BC 公元前 melon  [ˈmelən] n. （各种）瓜 wrinkle  [ˈriŋkəl] n. 皱纹 pulse  [pʌls] vi.强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动 n.脉搏；节拍 ‎△vein [vein] n. 血管；静脉 applaud  [əˈplɔ:d] vi. & vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏 look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 howl[haul] vt.& vi.嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫 accelerate[əkˈseləreit] vi.& vt.加速；促进 spear[spiə] n. 矛；枪 arrest[əˈrest] vt. 逮捕；吸引 ‎ ‎ n.逮捕；拘留 dizzy[ˈdizi] adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；‎ ‎ 使人发晕或困惑的 ‎△eyebrow[ˈaibrau] n. 眉毛 ‎△cheekbone['tʃi:kbəun] n. 颧骨 ‎△arrowhead['ærəuhed] n. 箭头 ‎△axe[æks] n. 斧；斧子 hammer[ˈhæmə] n. 铁锤；锤子 gay[gei] adj. 快乐的；欢快的 gaily[ˈgeili] adv. 快乐地；轻松地 skilful[ˈskilfəl] adj.有技巧的；熟练的(<.美>skillful)‎ date back 追溯到……‎ punctuation[ˌpʌŋktjuˈeiʃen] n.标点符号 ‎△worship[ˈwə:ʃip] vt. & vi. 崇拜；敬奉 n.崇拜；敬神 ‎△craftsmanship['krɑ:ftsmənʃip] n.技艺；手艺；精工细作 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我别无选择了。(alternative)‎ I'm_afraid_I_have_no_alternative_but_to_report_you_to_the_police.‎ ‎2．据我所知，许多人认为他是正确的。(assume)‎ As_far_as_I_know,_a_great_many_people_assume_him_to_be_right.‎ ‎3．迄今为止，研究尚未产生任何具有重大意义的结果。(of great significance)‎ So_far,_research_has_not_produced_anything_of_very_great_significance.‎ ‎4．要是我们早来几分钟就好了！ (if only)‎ If_only_we_had_come_a_few_minutes_earlier!‎ ‎5．对不起打断你一下，我有话要讲。(interrupt)‎ Sorry_to_interrupt_you,_but_I_have_something_to_say.‎ ‎6．他不顾危险地去了。(regardless of)‎ He_went_regardless_of_the_danger.‎ ‎7．警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。(preserve)‎ It_is_one_of_the_duties_of_the_police_to_preserve_public_order.‎ ‎8．他决定加快他的课程进度。(accelerate)‎ He_decided_to_accelerate_his_courses.‎ ‎9．令他大感欣慰的是，最后他失踪的儿子被警察找到了。(to one's relief)‎ Much_to_his_relief,_finally_his_lost_son_was_found_by_the_police.‎ ‎10．我一直在等我父母的来信。(现在完成进行时)‎ I_have_been_waiting_for_a_letter_from_my_parents.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 I learned my first lesson at a meeting. As we sat around the table I heard Meg, who was __1__ a recent operation, talking to Judith, the manager of our project. “Thank you so much for __2__ my daughters to their dance lessons last week.” Judith said, “It was nothing.”‎ Knowing how __3__ Judith's schedule was, I found her driving Meg's children to lessons unbelievably __4__. I was about to say more about this when Donna, another colleague, entered the room __5__. She apologized for being late, saying she just hosted a lunch for her friends who were over seventy.“That is so nice of you，” I said, __6__ how busy she was, how she didn't like to cook and clean. “Oh，” she said, waving her hand, “it was nothing.” __7__， I could still tell the __8__ in her voice. She did gain a sense of satisfaction from the entertainment offered to her friends.‎ Seeing their __9__ to help others selflessly, I started thinking about the concept of “nothing”， this peaceful and generous way of living — had it really been nothing or were they simply saying that? It __10__ to me that once I spent a whole afternoon after work helping a friend __11__ a speech. I __12__ her to rearrange the sequence of the stories in the lecture to make it sound more __13__. After the fifth try, she finally ‎ __14__ it. She hugged me with __15__， saying thanks to me. I smiled and said it was nothing.‎ Suddenly, I realized that helping someone was really something to me. I learned that giving from the heart doesn't __16__ mean sacrifice and hard work. The __17__ is finding something we love to do and finding someone who __18__ that something. Our generosity can benefit others __19__ ourselves. Once you have a good __20__ of it, it's nothing. And it's really something.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者如何从“没什么”这句话中悟到人生中重要的真理：予人玫瑰，手有余香。一个善意的举动使人获益良多。‎ ‎1．A.adapting to　　　　　　 B．recovering from C．going through D．rejoicing in 解析：选B　结合句中“a recent operation”可知，Meg正处于手术后恢复期。recover from ...意为“从……中恢复”，符合题意。‎ ‎2．A.guiding B．fetching C．driving D．dragging 解析：选C　根据第二段中的“her driving Meg's children to lessons”可知，Judith应是开车送Meg的女儿去上课。故选C。‎ ‎3．A.tight B．common C．strange D．practical 解析：选A　由关键词“schedule”和下文中的“I found her driving Meg's children to lessons unbelievably __4__”可知，此处应表示Judith的日程安排很紧。tight意为“‎ ‎(时间)不宽裕的，(日程安排)紧的”，符合题意。‎ ‎4．A.ridiculous B．energetic C．tiresome D．generous 解析：选D　Judith在自己的日程安排很紧的情况下，还挤出时间帮助他人。此处作者是想说Judith慷慨助人的精神。generous意为“大方的，慷慨给予的”，符合语境。‎ ‎5．A.disappointedly B．angrily C．hurriedly D．unexpectedly 解析：选C　根据下文Donna为自己迟到而道歉可知，空格处应表示“匆忙地”。hurriedly意为“匆忙地，仓促地”，符合题意。‎ ‎6．A.ignoring B．forgetting C．knowing D．predicting 解析：选C　句意：我知道她有多忙，多么不喜欢做饭、打扫，于是说：“你人真好。”know意为“知道，了解”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Somehow 解析：选D　此处指不知为什么，作者从Donna的声音里听出了一丝愉悦。故选D。‎ ‎8．A.regret B．sadness C．surprise D．pleasure 解析：选D　结合下句中“gain a sense of satisfaction”可知，此处应指她的声音里带着一丝愉悦。pleasure意为“高兴，快乐，愉快”，符合题意。‎ ‎9．A.willingness B．ambition C．promise D．progress 解析：选A　由关键词“selflessly”可知，此处表示“看到她们都这么乐意去无私地帮助他人”。willingness意为“乐意，愿意”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.referred B．occurred C．appeared D．seemed 解析：选B　此处表示“这让作者突然想到自己曾在下班后花了一下午的时间帮助一个朋友”。occur表示“发生，出现”，其常用句型为“It occurs to sb. that ...”意为“某人突然想起”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.put up B．prepare for C．give away D．deal with 解析：选B　由下文中的“rearrange the sequence of the stories in the lecture”和“After the fifth try”可知，此处表示作者帮助朋友准备演讲。prepare for意为“为……做准备”，符合题意。‎ ‎12．A.begged B．invited C．recommended D．sponsored 解析：选C　作者是在帮助朋友准备演讲，那么应该是给朋友提建议。recommend意为“建议，劝告”，符合题意。‎ ‎13．A.sensible B．confusing C．sensitive D．typical 解析：选A　重新安排故事的顺序是为了使故事更合理。sensible意为“合理的，符合实际的”，符合题意。‎ ‎14．A.got B．meant C．caught D．made 解析：选D　此处表示“经过五次尝试，她终于做到了”。make it意为“成功，做到”，符合题意。‎ ‎15．A.gratitude B．worry C．concern D．apology 解析：选A　由关键词“hugged”和空格后的“saying thanks to me”可知，朋友很感激作者。gratitude意为“感激，感谢”，符合语境。‎ ‎16．A.normally B．accidentally C．possibly D．necessarily 解析：选D　此处表示“真心的付出不一定意味着牺牲，也不一定要费多少事儿”。not necessarily意为“未必，不一定”，符合题意。‎ ‎17．A.treat B．trick C．plot D．plan 解析：选B　此处表示“诀窍是找到我们喜欢做的事和……”trick意为“窍门，技巧”，符合题意。‎ ‎18．A.needs B．admires C．loves D．defends 解析：选A　由常识可知，帮助他人的前提是他人有这种需要。need意为“需要”，符合题意。‎ ‎19．A.on account of B．as well as C．except for D．regardless of 解析：选B　此处表示“我们的慷慨相助对他人和我们自己都有好处”。as well as意为“和”，意义上与and相同，符合题意。‎ ‎20．A.order B．glimpse C．command D．impression 解析：选C　本句表示“一旦你熟练掌握了这个诀窍，那就‘没什么’了”。command意为“掌握”，have a good command of意为“‎ 熟练掌握”，符合题意。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 A Pygmalion is a drama in which Shaw has made sentiments one of the principle themes of discussion. The Greek sculptor Pygmalion carved a statue and fell in love with it. Aphrodite (the goddess of love) turned the statue into a living woman named Galatea, who then became Pygmalion's wife. ‎ The Shavian Pygmalion is Henry Higgins, a professor of phonetics, who picks up a flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, teaches her to speak as educated people do, and then successfully passes_her_off_as a duchess. But she is a human being and cannot be treated as a machine. In the course of all his experiments and exhibitions, the professor only thinks of his own skill success and failure, but never stops to consider how the girl feels. When the experiment is over, he has a profound sense of relief that he has achieved triumph and has won his bet. Even now，the sentiment of the girl is of no account. The girl naturally protests against this dehumanized relationship between her and her teacher. She hurls the professor's slippers at him when he wants them and then leaves his place. But evidently, ‎ she has begun to feel for the professor and wants also to be felt for. ‎ Now the question is what is the nature of Eliza's feelings for the professor with whom she has lived in close association for so long? In the last act, the girl says she would not marry him even if he had proposed (求婚) to her. The professor, curiously ineffectual (无效的) to sexual emotions, does not love any girl because he finds them to be rivals (对手) to his own mother. He wonders, if Eliza does not want to marry him, then what does she want from him? Old Mrs. Higgins, who knows much about a woman says that it would have been better if he had thanked her and petted her and told her how wonderful she had been. Then perhaps she would not have fought with him. Every girl loves to be loved. Eliza herself says that she loves Freddy and he also loves her. Professor Higgins, however, remains as ever, an old bachelor. ‎ 语篇解读：萧伯纳的著名戏剧《卖花女》具有经久不衰的艺术魅力，描述的是语言学教授希金斯如何把一名卖花姑娘训练成英语发音被上流社会接受并认可的故事，从而抨击了当时英国腐朽保守的等级意识。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “passes her off as” in Paragraph 2 mean? ‎ A．Let her pretend to be.　 B．Dress her up as.‎ C．Make her become. D．Turn into. ‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据前文的“teaches her to speak as ‎ educated people do”以及下文的“In the course of all his experiments and exhibitions”可知该短语的意思是“把某人冒充或假装为”。‎ ‎2．What kind of person do you think Higgins is according to the second paragraph? ‎ A．He is a kind man. B．He is a considerate man.‎ C．He is a selfish man. D．He is a rude man. ‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知希金斯只考虑自己的成败得失，从不考虑伊莉莎的感受，显然他是一个自私的人。‎ ‎3．Why does not Eliza marry Higgins? Because ________.‎ A．she does not love him B．his mother does not like any girl to be her rival C．he likes to be a bachelor D．he doesn't love any girl for fear of them being his mother's rivals 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知伊莉莎不会嫁给希金斯，因为希金斯担心未来的妻子会成为他母亲的对手，所以他不敢爱上任何一个女孩。‎ B I can still remember it as if it happened yesterday. I was a college freshman and had stayed up most of the night before laughing and talking with friends. Now just before my first class of the day my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier and my head was drifting down to my desk to make my textbook a pillow. A few minutes' nap time before class couldn't hurt, I thought.‎ Boom! I lifted my head immediately and my eyes opened wider than saucers. I looked around with my heart beating quickly trying to find the cause of the noise. My young professor was looking back at me with a mischievous,_boyish smile on his face. He had intentionally dropped the pile of textbooks he was carrying onto his desk. “Good morning！” he said, still smiling. “I'm glad to see everyone is awake. Now let's get started.”‎ For the next hour I wasn't sleepy at all. It wasn't from the shock of my professor's textbook alarm clock either. Instead, it was from the attractive discussion he led. With knowledge and good humor, he made the material come alive. His insights were full of both wisdom and loving kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy which he taught with were contagious (有感染力的). I left the classroom not only wide awake, but a little smarter and a little better as well.‎ I learned something far more important than not sleeping in class that day too. I learned that if you are going to do something in this life, do it well, do it with joy, and make it an expression of your love. What a glorious place this world would be if all of us did our work joyously and well! What a beautiful world we could create if every doctor, teacher, musician, cook, waitress, poet, miner, farmer, and laborer made their work an expression of their love! Don't sleepwalk through your life then. Wake up! Let your love fill your work and your ‎ soul. Life is too short not to live it well.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过作者大学第一节课的经历告诉我们：无论从事什么职业，我们都应该带着热情和快乐去做好它。‎ ‎4．What did the author want to do just before his first class of the day?‎ A．Talk with his friends.‎ B．Take a short sleep.‎ C．Get his eyes examined.‎ D．Stay away from the class.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“... my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier ... A few minutes' nap time before class couldn't hurt, I thought.”可知，作者很困，想在上课前小睡一会儿。故选B项。‎ ‎5．The underlined word “mischievous” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．‎ A．naughty B．tricky C．sensitive D．dishonest 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词与boyish共同修饰smile，感情色彩应一致。根据boyish的含义“男孩子气的”可推测，mischievous应表示“调皮的；淘气的”，与naughty意思相近。故选A项。‎ ‎6．What can be inferred from this passage?‎ A．The professor often kept his students sharp by using a textbook alarm.‎ B．The author was attracted by the professor's great joy and ‎ enthusiasm.‎ C．The author left the twohour period not only wide awake, but a little smarter.‎ D．Though the author was frightened awake, he was not clearheaded in the class.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“With knowledge and good humor, he made the material come alive. His insights were full of both wisdom and loving kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy which he taught with were contagious(有感染力的)．”可知，作者被教授的快乐和热情所吸引，故选B项。‎ C Facing increasing pressure to raise students' scores on standardized tests, schools are urging kids to work harder by offering them obvious encouragements. Happy Meals are at the low end of the scale. With the help of businesses, schools are also giving away cars, iPods, seats to basketball games, and — in a growing number of cases — cold, hard cash. The appeal of such programs is obvious, but the consequences of tying grades to goods are still uncertain. It's been a common tradition in middleclass families to reward top grades with cash as a way to teach that success in school leads to success in life. But for many disadvantaged minority children, the longterm benefits of getting an education are not so clear, according to experts.‎ No one knows for sure how well cash and other bigticket rewards work in education in the long run. But there are plenty ‎ of concerns that this kind of practice could have negative effects on kids. Virginia Shiller, a clinical psychologist, says that it's worth experimenting with cash encouragements but that tying them to success on a test is not a worthwhile goal. “I'd rather see rewards based on effort and responsibility — things that will lead to success in life，” she says.‎ Even if rewards don't lead to individual achievement on a test, they could have a meaningful effect in the school. Charles McVean, a businessman and philanthropist (慈善家), started a tutoring program which pays higherachieving students D|S10 an hour to tutor struggling classmates and divides them into teams. During the course of the year, students bond and compete. The team posting the highest math scores wins the top cash prize of D|S100. McVean calls the combination of peer (同龄人) tutoring, competition, and cash encouragements a recipe for “nothing less than magic”．‎ For its part, the Seminole County Public Schools system in Florida plans to continue its report card encouragement program through the rest of the school year. The local McDonald's restaurants help the poor district by paying the D|S1,600 cost of printing the report card. Regina Klaers, the district spokeswoman, says most parents don't seem bothered by the Happy Meals rewards. “There are many ways we try to urge students to do well, and sometimes it's through the stomach, and sometimes it's the probability of students winning a car，” she says. “One ‎ size doesn't fit all.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了物质奖励对学生的成绩是否有促进作用。‎ ‎7．According to the text, it is a common practice for schools to________.‎ A．offer free meals to students with high scores B．tie students' grades to material rewards C．educate students to form a business sense D．cooperate with business to improve teaching 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第三句及其下一句中的“tying grades to goods”可推断出，将学生的成绩与物质奖励联系起来已成了学校的一个惯例。故选B。‎ ‎8．According to the text, the longterm results of giving students cash as rewards in education are ________.‎ A．negative B．optimistic C．uncertain D．disappointing 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，给学生现金作为奖励在教育中产生的长远结果还不确定。故选C。‎ ‎9．The tutoring program run by Charles McVean ________.‎ A．hires some excellent teachers to teach the struggling students B．has a meaningful effect in inspiring students' enthusiasm on study C．is a program combining tutoring, competition and future job offers D．rewards the student with the highest scores with cash prize of D|S100‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及其后面列举的Charles McVean 的辅导项目可推知，本段用Charles McVean的辅导项目来说明奖励对激发学生的学习热情有重要影响。故选B。‎ ‎10．We can learn that in Seminole County ________.‎ A．there are various ways to inspire students to study hard B．many parents are not satisfied with the Happy Meals rewards C．the local McDonald's restaurants provide the rewards for poor students D．people are searching for a goodforall method to urge students to do well 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，Seminole County有各种各样鼓励学生努力学习的方法。故选A。‎