人教版高一英语必修四Unit2Usinglanguage1 62页

Unit 2 Working the land Using language Words preview chemical production bacteria pest nutrition mineral discovery adj. 化学的 ; 关于化学的 n. 生产 ; 制造 n. 细菌 n. 害虫 ; 害兽 ; 害鸟 n. 营养 ; 滋养 ; 食物 n. 矿物 ; 矿石 n. 发现 ; 发觉 focus soil reduce root skim underline summary comment n. 焦点 ; 中心点 vt. 集中 ; 聚焦 n. 土壤 vt. 减少 ; 减缩 n. 根 ; 根源 vt. 浏览 ; 略读 vt. 画底线标出 ; 强调 n. 总结 ; 摘要 ; 概要 n. 评论 ; 议论 vi.& vt. 表达意见 ; 做出评论 Expressions preview build up lead to focus on keep… free from/of 逐渐增强 ; 建立 ; 开发 导致 ; 造成 ( 后果 ) 集中 ( 注意力 , 精力等 ) 于 使 … 免受 ( 影响 , 伤害等 ) ； 使 … 不含 ( 有害物 ) It is fertilizer. What is the substance we put on the soil to make crops grow? How many kinds of fertilizers do farmers use? There are two kinds. They are chemical fertilizers and natural ones. Organic Farming chemical fertilizer cow dung 用化学肥料和有机肥料的区别 : Reading CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING? Chemical fertilizers can cause many problems, so organic farming is becoming more popular. Organic farming means growing crops with natural fertilizer. The organic farmers keep the soil rich and healthy. The main idea of the text: Fast Reading Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people’s health. Problems caused by chemical fertilizers. The main idea of each paragraph P1 . P2 . Farmers and customers turn to organic farming. Other methods to keep the soil fertile. P3. P4 . Chemical fertilizer Not good for the soil or the water supply The soil gets exhausted. Kill both helpful and harmful bacteria and pests Careful Reading Chemical farming advantages problems cause stop crop disease increase production damage the land by killing… affect crops by staying… lead to cancer /illnesses by building up… have less nutrition by growing too fast Organic farming Natural waste from animals Make the soil richer in minerals and more fertile A healthy soil Reduce diseases in crops Help crops grow strong and healthy Organic farming methods advantages use natural waste make the soil rich in minerals change the crop put minerals back into soil, making… plant crops with different roots use different levels of land plant grass between crops prevent…from…, a natural fertilizer Other methods: Change crops every two or three years Corn, wheat Peas, soybeans Put the minerals back into the soil, making it rich and healthy Crops that use the surface of the soil (peanuts) Crops that need a deeper level of soil (root vegetable) Make sure that what is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop 1. Which statement is WRONG according to the text? A. All crops are organic. B. Recently, the term “organic farming” has gained another meaning. C. All farmers use fertilizers. D. Scientists believe some chemical fertilizers are better for people. Choose the best answer. D 2. Which is not the reason why organic farmers prefer natural waste from animals? A. It can keep the food free from chemicals. B. It can keep the air, soil and water free from chemicals. C. It can kill harmful pests. D. It can make the soil richer in mineral. C 3. What is the advantage of using chemical fertilizers? A. Leaving chemicals in the ground for a long time is good for water supply. B. They can get the soil exhausted. C. They can kill helpful bacteria. D. They can kill harmful pest. D 4. The organic farmers do the followings except ______. A. adding fertilizers which is rich in mineral B. changing crops every two or three years C. planting seeds in different layers of the soil D. planting grass between crops to prevent the soil from being blown away A 1. What is “organic farming”? Answer the questions. It refers to crops growing with natural rather than chemical fertilizers. 2. What do organic farmers prefer to use as fertilizer? The fertilizer that organic farmers prefer is natural waste from animals. Farmers grow peas or soybeans after corn or wheat so that peas and beans can put minerals back into the soil, making it rich and healthy and ready to grow more wheat or corn. 3. Why do organic farmers grow peas  or soybeans after corn or wheat? 4. What is the advantage of using natural fertilizer? Make the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile. Reduce diseases in crops and help them grow strong and healthy. Besides, keep the air, soil and water as well as the food supply free from chemical. They are a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. 5. Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today? 6. What problems are caused by using chemical fertilizers? There are three problems. First, chemical fertilizers affect the soil and the water supply badly. Second, they allow farmers to grow the same crop year after year and exhaust the soil. Third, they kill both helpful and harmful pests. 7. What is the main reason for using organic farming methods? The main reason for using organic farming methods is to grow good food and to avoid damaging the environment or people’s health. Methods of organic farming Advantages of methods Farmers use natural waste from animals. This makes the soil richer in minerals and so more fertile. Fill in the chart. Farmers often change the kind of crop in each field every few years. Changing the crops renews the minerals in the soil and helps it become rich and healthy. Methods of organic farming Advantages of methods Farmers plant crops with different lengths of roots. Farmers sometimes plant grass between crops and leave it in the ground. This uses different levels of soil. This prevents wind or water from carrying away soil and acts as a natural fertilizer. It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 　　 confuse 动词 , 表示“把 ( 某人 ) 弄糊涂 ; 使迷惑” , “ 搞乱 ; 混淆”。 如 : They asked me so many questions that they confused me. 他们问我那么多问题把我都弄糊涂了。 Language Points My Chinese and English books are confused together. 我的中英文的书籍混在一起了。 He was confused by a strange idea. 他被奇怪的念头弄糊涂了。 Please don’t confuse Australia with Austria. 别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。 【 拓展 】 confusion n. 混乱 ; 慌乱 ; 混淆 confusing 和 confused 辨析 : 这两个词都是由 confuse 转化而来的形容词。 confusing 意思是“莫名其妙的 ; 难以理解的 (difficult to understand; puzzling)”, 强调事物本身所具有的性质 ; confused 意思是“糊涂的 ; 迷乱的 (unable to think clearly)”, 强调人对某事物的感受。 2. His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. (Page 13) regret 在句中作动词 , 意为“为 …… 感到遗憾 ; 后悔 ; 惋惜”。 如： I didn’t regret the choice I had made. 我做了这个选择并不后悔。 I regret to say that we can’t stay here any longer. 我很遗憾 , 我们不能再在这儿多呆了。 She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。 【 拓展 】 1) regret 还可用作名词 , 意为“遗憾 ; 后悔”。 I felt a great regret at having spent my time in this way. 我对这样浪费光阴深感懊悔。 2) regret to do sth 表示“遗憾地要 ……” ， 后面的动词常是 say, tell, speak, inform 等 ; regret doing sth 表示“后悔做过 ……”; to one’s regret 令人遗憾的是 3. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. build up   增强 ; 建立 ; 开发 Hard working conditions build up character. 艰苦的工作条件能磨练人的性格。 4. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. lead to : 导致 ; 造成 Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.  过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 All roads lead to Rome.  条条大道通罗马。 5. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. focus on : 集中 ( 注意力 , 精力等 ) 于 You should focus your attention on your work. 把注意力集中在你的工作上。 Olympus: Focus on life. 奥林巴斯 : 瞄准生活。 6. reduce v. 减少 , 降低 e.g. 公司尽力通过减少花销来提高利润。 The company tries to increase profits by _______________ . 今年我们已经减少了业务开支。 We ______________ expenses this year. reducing costs have reduced 7. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals. keeps… free from /of: 使 … 免受 ( 影响 , 伤害等 ); 使不含 ( 有害物 ) We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust. You must take care to keep the wound free from the dirt. [ 拓展 ] 1)keep … from: 隐瞒 , 不把 …… 告诉 ( 某人 ) 阻止 , 避免” 如： He won’t be able to keep the truth from his father. You can’t keep him from doing that thing. 2)free from: 使解除 , 使摆脱 如： They aim to free the students from too much homework. 3)be free of sb/sth: 摆脱某人 / 某物 I’m free of that job at last. Expressions 1. 化肥 2. 对 … 造成损害 3. 洗掉某物 4. 导致 ; 造成 ( 后果 ); 通往 5. 逐渐增强 , 建立 6. 另外 ( 还有 ) 7. 使 … 免受 ( 影响 ); 8. 集中 ( 注意力、精力 ) 于 9. 每隔几年 10. 避免做 … chemical fertilizers cause/do damage to wash off lead to bulid up in addition (to) keep…free from/of focus on every few years avoid doing Exercises cause/do damage to, wash off, lead to, bulid up, in addition(to), keep…free from/of, focus on, avoid doing 1. His mistakes ______ his failure. 2. These chemicals in the food supply________ in people’s bodies over time. 3. All roads _______ Rome. 4. Please _____ your mind ___ the following problem. 5. Children should ________________ violence. led to bulid up focus on lead to be kept free from 6. He likes basketball. ___________, he likes football. He likes basketball _____________ football. 7. Little Tom stuck to ________ the mud ____ his shoes by himself before he came in. 8. I tried to ______________ (meet) him because he always bores me. 9. The storm on May 3 ___________ great __________ people in Burma so far. cause/do damage to, wash off, lead to, bulid up, in addition(to), keep…free from/of, focus on, avoid doing In addition in addition to washing off avoid meeting has caused damage to The possible bad effects of chemical fertilizers on the fruit and vegetables that we eat today. 1 As you listen to this dialogue, keep in mind what you have just read about chemical fertilizers. What is the main topic of the conversation? Listening 1. Paul thinks that Carrie is not telling him the truth. 2. Using chemical fertilizers always makes vegetables empty inside. True False 2 Listen to the dialogue a second time. Decide if the following statements are true or false, according to the conversation. Give your reasons. 3. Today’s fruit is not as healthy for people as fruit fifty years ago. 4. Eating more vegetables might not always be good for us. 5. All of today’s vegetables look healthy but in fact are not. False True True WHAT’S WRONG WITH THE VEGETABLES? Girl: Hey, Paul, listen to this … a magazine article about a farmer who used too much chemical fertilizer on his fields. When his vegetables were picked, they were all found to be empty! Listening text BOY: Empty? You’re joking, Carrie … that can’t be true! Girl: I didn’t believe it either! This article says this can happen sometimes with vegetables like cucumbers, carrots and pumpkins. This chemical fertilizer makes the vegetables grow fast to look big and beautiful, but they’re empty inside! BOY: You know, I’ve noticed that sometimes my mum buys carrots from the supermarket that have big holes down the center. I guess that must be from using chemical fertilizers! GIRL: Yeah, that’s what the magazine says! The main point of the article, though, isn’t about holes in our vegetables. It’s talking about why the fruit and vegetables we eat today aren’t as nutritious as the ones our grandparents ate. BOY: What? My mum is always telling me to eat more vegetables, because they’re good for me! GIRL: Yeah, I know – my mother says that same thing! And it’s true - they are good for us… but the problem is that they aren’t healthy enough! All these chemical fertilizers – they kill off both the bad and the good things in the ground. The ground doesn’t have enough vitamins and minerals any more to help crops grow healthy. BOY: So … if our fruit and vegetables were grown with chemical fertilizers, they might look healthy, but probably aren’t really healthy? I guess we’ve got to stop using so many chemical fertilizers to grow our food! F= Farmer C= Customer F: Good morning! Would you like some organic carrots this morning? C: Hmm …They’re a little expensive! What is the advantage of …? Reading, Speaking and writing Sample dialogue F: The advantage of these vegetables is that they are green food so they are safe to eat and good for your family. C: But what is the advantage of having green food? I know all vegetables are good for you and those down the road look green too. And I can buy them at half price there. F: Well, let me explain. I’d rather feed my family on green food than other vegetables because they are grown without chemical fertilizers. C: But the price is too expensive! I’d prefer to buy good food if I can afford it. F: This is good value for money because you’ll have healthier children. They won’t have to go to the doctor so often and you won’t have to take time off work. In the long run you’ll be benefit. C: Certainly I’d like to buy what is safe and healthy. Perhaps I’ll try some of your vegetables and if they are as good as you say, I’ll be back next week. Writing Buy the best fruits here We only sell green food in this shop! Best choice at best price! Safe, healthy, clean, fresh. Far away from any pollution. Main heading This explains that you sell green food. 1. No chemical fertilizer, all organic fertilizers 2. Clean air, clean water 3. No poison, no pesticides 4. Home in heaven Reasons to buy Healthy food means healthy life. Far away from diseases, without worries, full of happiness. ( one reason) Why it is good value. Some English farming proverbs He who does not rise early never does a good day’s work. 起床不早 , 一天的工作干不好。 Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark. 随羔羊就寝 , 与云雀同起。 A barley-corn is better than a diamond to a cock. 对一只公鸡来说 , 一颗麦粒优于一颗钻石。 The cuckoo comes in April, and stays the month of May; sings a song at Midsummer, and then goes away. 布谷鸟 , 四月来 , 五月一直在 , 仲夏唱歌， 然后就离开。 Always take out the meal-tub, and never putting in, soon comes to the bottom. 取粮不储粮 , 桶底粮光光。 No mill, no meal. 不磨面就没有饭吃。 Sow nothing, reap nothing.      春不播 , 秋不收。 Homework 1. Write a summary of the advantages of organic farming and the disadvantages of chemical farming. 2. Collect some information about the safety and importance of green food.