2018届一轮复习北师大版必修5Unit14Careers学案(3) 11页

Unit 14 Careers ‎★知识集释 ‎ 一. ‎ 课后词汇讲解 ‎ Warm-up ‎ ‎1. insurance ‎ insurance against sth保险/预防措施 People without insurance against theft 盗窃险had to pay for their own loss.‎ He is applying for two other jobs as an insurance against not passing the interview for this one.‎ When her husband died, she received five million yuan in insurance.‎ the insurance company ‎2. income ‎ income 指工作，投资所得的收入 ‎ wage 按小时、天、星期发放的工资 ‎ salary 按月支付的工资 ‎ fee 服务费；学费 ‎ pay 雇主定期付给的工资 ‎3. reward He received a medal in reward for his bravery.‎ One reward of my job is meeting people.‎ A $1000 reward has been offered for the return of the stolen painting.‎ ‎ reward sb for sth/ doing sth He was rewarded for his persistence when the car finally got started.‎ ‎ rewarding 值得做的，令人满意的 Gardening is a rewarding pastime.‎ Lesson 1‎ ‎1. summary n. ‎ Your summary will need fleshing out 充实,具体化before you present it. ‎ ‎ in summary 总的来说，归纳起来 In summary, the campaign has been a great success.‎ ‎ all in all/ to be brief / in a word / to sum up ‎ summary adj. 当场给予的；简要的 Such an offence will lead to a summary fine.‎ I went through by a summary method. ‎ ‎ summarize v. 总结，概括 ‎2. aid She is so independent that she refused all financial aid. ‎ Aid to the Third World is at present little more than a drop in the ocean. ‎ ‎ teaching aids 教具 ‎ a hearing aid 助听器；‎ ‎ first aid 急救 ‎ aid sb in/ with sth We were greatly aided in our investigation by the cooperation of the police. ‎ A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language. ‎ ‎3. data Very little data is available.‎ The data is/ are still being analysed.‎ Have you recorded the data in disc? ‎ ‎ data bank=data base ‎ data-processing ‎4. charge n. ‎ I resent厌恶 the charges of incompetence made against me.(指责，控告)‎ All goods are delivered free of charge.(费用)‎ He took full charge of the firm in his father’s absence.(掌管，监护)‎ a positive/ negative charge (充电量，电荷)‎ ‎ in charge of sth 掌管…‎ ‎ in the charge of sb 在某人的掌管底下 ‎ charge v.‎ She charged me with neglecting my duty.‎ As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you for delivery.‎ They charged me ¥100 for a cup of coffee.‎ ‎ charge a battery ‎ charge sth with sth 使…充满 The atmosphere was charged with excitement.‎ ‎5. consult I have consulted a number of law books in the British Museums. (查阅)‎ I want to consult with my partner before I take a decision. (商量)‎ I consulted a doctor about my pain. (请教)‎ ‎ consultant 顾问 二．文中要点探究 Lesson1‎ ‎1. A friend is having problems writing a plot summary for a book report.‎ 要点探究 have problems in doing sth = have difficulty in doing sth I have some problems talking in English, although I have learned English for almost one year.‎ 2. Make sure they know what to do.‎ 要点探究 what to do 为“疑问词+不定式”结构作为know 的宾语使用。有些及物动词如ask, consider, decide, explain, tell等动词后可以用“疑问词+不定式”结构做宾语。可以接不定式的疑问词有how, what, when, where, which, whether等。这种结构相当于一个名词短语结构，在句子中可以做主语，宾语或表语等。‎ When and where to hold the party has not been decided.‎ I don’t quite mind whether to be elected or not.‎ ‎ Lesson 2 ‎ 一. 课后词汇讲解 ‎ ‎1. make up Farm workers make up only a small section of the population. (组成，构成)‎ Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities. (由…组成)‎ We made up the bed in the spare room for our guests. (铺床)‎ make up an excuse/ a story/ a lie (编造)‎ Hard-working can make up (for) a lack of intelligence. (补偿、弥补)‎ She is always heavily made up. (化妆)‎ She tired to make up to the boss. (讨好)‎ Has he made it up with her yet?（和解）‎ ‎2. make out How did he make out while his wife is away? (设法应付，活下来)‎ I can’t make out what she wants. (理解)‎ The outline of a house can be made out. (辨认出)‎ Applications must be made out in triplicate. (填写)‎ He made out that he had been robbed. (声称)‎ He makes himself out to be cleverer than he really is. (声称,假装)‎ Can you make out what the sign says? (看出，听出)‎ ‎3. go into The car skidded打滑 and went into a tree. (撞进)‎ When did Britain go into Europe Union? (加入)‎ go into banking, publishing, teaching (从事)‎ The plane went into a nosedive俯冲. (开始某动作)‎ He went into a long explanation of the affair. (开始某行为)‎ The problem will need a lot of going into. (仔细检查或调查)‎ Years of work has gone into the preparation of this dictionary. (消耗资源或时间)‎ ‎4. speak up Please speak up your ideas in front of all of us.‎ ‎ speak up for为...辩护;替...讲好话 Can you speak up for truth and justice? ‎ It's time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice. ‎ ‎5. sit up It took him a long time to teach the dog to sit up and beg. 端坐 George's sudden success made the town sit up and take notice. 大吃一惊 The nurse sat up with the patient all night.熬夜 We sat up late watching a film on TV. 熬夜 ‎6. instant adj. 立即的；速成的；紧急的 He felt instant relief after treatment.‎ instant coffee/ noodles in instant need of help attend to one’s instant needs ‎ instant n. 当时；片刻；瞬间 Come here this instant.‎ I recognized her the instant I saw her.‎ ‎= I recognized her instantly I saw her.‎ Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.‎ I shall be back in an instant ‎7. basis His research formed the basis of his new book. ‎ I know the cell is the basis of all animals and plants. ‎ ‎ on an basis of 在…的基础上 Payments can be evened out使均等 on a monthly basis over the year. ‎ We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments. ‎ ‎ base sth on sth ‎ sth is based on sth ‎8. moral His behavior went against the moral rules of the social conduct. (道德的)‎ A baby isn‘t born with a moral sense. (是非观的)‎ We differ about moral standards. (道德)‎ The moral of this story is “better late than never”. (寓意)‎ You may draw your own moral from it.(教训)‎ 二．文中要点探究 ‎1. The instant she stopped asking question, I got up and went out of the room.‎ 要点探究 句中的the instant 引导时间状语从句，表示“ 一…就…” 的含义 The students stopped talking the instant they saw the teacher came in.‎ 类似的结构还有： ‎ the moment/ the minute/ the second ….‎ instantly/ directly/ immediately …‎ as soon as ….‎ on/ upon + doing / n.‎ no sooner … than…/ hardly …. when … （主句的谓语动词用过去完成时）‎ ‎ Lesson 3 ‎ 一. 课后词汇讲解 ‎ ‎1. believe in ‎ ‎ believe in 信仰；相信某人；相信某物的存在；相信事物的价值或正确性 I believe in God.‎ I believe in his good character.‎ Do you believe in ghosts?‎ I believe in getting plenty of exercise.‎ ‎ believe 相信某人说的话；认为 I’m told he has been in prison, and I can well believe it.‎ Seeing is believing.‎ Believe it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.‎ ‎2. turn over The car skidded, turned over and burst into flames突然着火.(翻转；翻身)‎ The company turns over $150 million a year.(营业额达)‎ Customs officials turned the man over to the police.(移交给)‎ He turned over his business to his daughter.‎ 词组 ‎ turn from A to/ into B 转变，转换 turn back 往回走 turn down 拒绝；调低 turn … inside out 把里面翻作外面 turn on 打开；‎ ‎ turn off 关闭 turn out ( to be/ as/ that) 结果是；证明是 turn to 开始努力地工作；向某人寻求帮助 turn up 出现； 开大声音 turn one’s back on 背弃，抛弃 turn oneself in自首 ‎3. inspect It was strange that nobody inspected my ticket before I got on the train. (检查）‎ inspect a school; factory; etc. (视察)‎ ‎ inspect sb/ sth for sth The police inspected all the objects in the room for fingerprints.‎ ‎ inspection n. 检查，视察 ‎4. pay off We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage. (付清) ‎ The company has paid off some redundant employees. (付清工资解雇)‎ All his hard work paid off in the end. (得到好结果；取得成功)‎ 词组 pay sb for sth; pay sth to sb (for sth)‎ pay attention to sth/ doing sth pay a price for sth 为… 付出代价 pay sb (back) in his own coin ‎ 以其人之道还治其人之身 ‎ pay back 还钱；回报；报复 ‎5. commit commit murder, suicide, theft, an unforgivable error, etc. (做不合法的事）‎ One cannot commit crimes with impunity不受惩罚. ‎ I can’t come on Sunday; I’m committed. (因有承诺而不能做或不得不做)‎ She committed herself to charity. (投入于)‎ ‎ commit sb/ sth to sth 将…移交给…‎ The girl was committed to the care of an aunt.‎ commit a patient to a mental hospital.‎ ‎ commit oneself to sth/ doing sth 保证承诺 He has committed himself to supporting his brother’s children.‎ ‎ commit oneself on sth 公开表明自己的意见 I asked her what she thought; but she refused to commit herself.‎ ‎6. glory The soldier's brave deeds brought him honor and glory. ‎ No road of flowers lead to glory.光荣之路常坎坷。‎ ‎ cover oneself with glory 满载荣誉；取得胜利 Our team didn’t cover itself with glory today.‎ ‎ glory in sth (success, freedom, etc.) 因某物而自豪 ‎ glorious adj. 光荣的 ‎7. constantly The car has to be constantly maintained. (经常地；不断地)‎ He constantly strayed from偏离 the main point of his talk. ‎ l constantly, always 与进行时连用表达抱怨，责备等感情色彩 He is constantly asking me for money and I have got tired of it.‎ ‎ constant adj.‎ constant chattering唠叨, complaints, interruptions（不断的）‎ a constant speed, value, temperature (恒定的)‎ a constant friend, companion, supporter (忠实的；坚定的)‎ ‎8. beneath Beneath that apparently calm surface is a man of fierce temper. ‎ Her careful make-up hid the signs of age beneath. ‎ They thought she married beneath her.(地位低的，不值得的）‎ As writers of tragedy, most of the other Elizabethan dramatists are far beneath Shakespeare. (次于)‎ ‎9. bend Touch your toes without bending your knees.‎ The road bends to the right after a few yards.‎ She bent down and picked it up.‎ He bent forward to listen to the child.‎ 词组 ‎ bend the rules 放宽规定，变通 bend (sb) to sth 使屈服于 bend to one’s will 顺从某人的意志 be bent on sth/ doing sth.下定决心做某事 He is bent on winning at all costs.‎ ‎10. hesitate ‎ hesitate about/ at/ over sth I hesitated about taking his side until I knew the whole story. ‎ ‎ hesitate to do sth She hesitated to hurt the child's feelings. ‎ ‎ without hesitation 毫不犹豫，立即 二．文中要点探究 ‎1. I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious, working hard, and believing in what was true made her the success she is today.‎ 要点探究 ‎(1) 本句中and 连接两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，how引导ask后的宾语从句。在第二个分句中that引导told后的宾语从句，从句中being curious, working hard and believing in what was true 为从句的主语 ‎(2) the success 特指一个成功的人 The meeting was such a success that all the problems was finally solved afterwards.‎ Being shy and awkward at communicating made her quite uneasy in front of the crowd.‎ ‎2. It was my mother who taught me to be curious.‎ 要点探究 强调句型：It is/ was … that/ who …‎ ‎① 强调句型用来强调句子的主语，宾语和状语等成分。that 只起连接作用，不做成分，不能省略，当被强调部分为人做主语时，也可用who连接。‎ It is I that/ who am going for a holiday with Mary.‎ ‎② 强调句的一般疑问句形式 Is/ Was it + 强调部分+that + 句子其他成分 Was it in the building that you were born and brought up?‎ ‎③ 强调句的特殊疑问句形式 疑问词+ is/was that + 句子其他成分 Where was it that you went just now?‎ ‎④ It is/ was not until … that …‎ It was not until I got home that I found my wallet had been stolen.‎ 3. I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn’t much glory in reporter’s existence, she found it interesting and challenging.‎ 要点探究 (1) 这是一个复杂句，and 连接两个并列句，第一个分句中，what引导asked 后的宾语从句 (2) find + 宾语+ 宾补 When he came to himself, he found himself lost in the forest.‎ He was found lying on the road, unconscious.‎ ‎ Lesson 4 ‎ 一. 课后词汇讲解 ‎ ‎1. keep up with I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer technology.跟上 Workers’ incomes are not keeping up with inflation通货膨胀.‎ How many of your old school friends do you keep up with?保持联系 She likes to keep up with the latest fashions.‎ Peter tried very hard to catch up with the others in the relay race, and he kept up with them to the finishing line.‎ ‎ keep back 阻止，隐瞒，保持距离 keep in touch with 与…保持联系 keep off 不接近，避开 keep on 继续 keep out 挡住，不进入，留在外面 keep away 使…不靠近 keep sb from doing sth 使不能做某事 keep sb doing sth 使…一直做某事 ‎2. decrease v.‎ Interest in the sport is decreasing.‎ Student numbers have decreased by 500.‎ Student numbers have decreased to 500.‎ ‎ decrease n.‎ a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation. ‎ There has been a steady decrease in population in this city. ‎ ‎ on the decrease 在减少 Is crime on the decrease?‎ ‎ increase 增加 ‎3. multiply ‎2 multiplied by 4 makes 8. (乘)‎ One can make 12 by multiplying 2 and 6.‎ Our problems have multiplied since last year. (增加)‎ We must multiply our efforts to clear up the mystery. (增加)‎ It is possible to multiply bacteria and other living organisms in the lab. (繁殖)‎ divide 除 / plus 加 / minus 减 ‎4. respond She asked where he’d been, but he didn’t respond. (回答)‎ I kicked the dog which responded by growling咆哮. (回应，反应)‎ The patient did not respond to treatment. ‎ ‎ response n. 回答，反应 make no response to ‎ in response to ‎ ‎5. envy v.‎ I have always envied him his good luck.‎ I don’t envy him his money problems.‎ ‎ envy n.‎ ‎ the envy of sb/ at sb/sth He couldn’t conceal隐藏 his envy of me/ at my success.‎ They only say such unkind things are out of envy.‎ Her many talents were the envy of all her friends.‎ ‎6. bother Don’t bother your father about/ with it; he is very tired.‎ He’s always bothering me to lend him money.‎ It bothers me that he can be so insensitive迟钝的.‎ He didn’t even bother to say thank you.费心，麻烦 ‎ can’t be bothered to do sth 偷懒，嫌麻烦 The grass needs cutting but I can’t be bothered to do it today.‎ ‎ bother n. ‎ ‎ have bother (in) doing sth.‎ ‎7. in case Write the telephone number down in case you forget. ‎ In case you need something, please don't hesitate to let me know. ‎ In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.‎ ‎ in any case 无论如何 in no case 无论如何都不 in that case 既然那样 ‎8. comfort n.‎ The dress is carefully styled for maximum comfort. ‎ They are now living in relative comfort.‎ He spoke a few words of comfort to me before leaving. ‎ ‎ comfort v.‎ I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his opponent. ‎ 二． 文中要点探究 ‎1. Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world’s richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.‎ 要点探究 find it + adj. + to do sth/ that 从句 其中it作形式宾语，不定式或从句为真正宾语。‎ He found it hard to control himself.‎ We found it strange that he left the meeting so early.‎ 2. It is sometimes difficult to work out the patterns of change.‎ 要点探究 本句中使用了It is + adj. ( of/ for sb ) to do sth句型。‎ It is quite difficult for them to find out who broke the window.‎ I think it is wrong of you tell lies.‎ Communication Workshop & Cultural Corner 一. 课后词汇讲解 ‎ ‎1. enclose With respect to关于，至于 your enquiry, I enclose an explanatory leaflet传单. 有关说明资料 I enclose a stamped addressed envelope for your reply. ‎ I enclose two copies of the contract. ‎ He enclosed the land with a hedge树篱. (围绕, 圈起)‎ 2. due ‎ Have they paid the money due to them? (应给予）‎ She is due for promotion soon. (应得的)‎ My rent isn’t due till Wednesday. (到期的)‎ His book is due to be published in October. (预定)‎ The team’s success was largely due to her efforts. (由于)‎ ‎3. in addition ‎ in addition= additionally ‎ He is very wealthy; in addition, he is very generous.‎ Liu Huan is a singer; in addition, he is a college teacher.‎ Liu Huan is a singer in addition to a college teacher.‎ In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. ‎ ‎4. tough This kind of paper is as tough as leather. (坚韧的) ‎ You need to be tough to survive in the jungle. (能吃苦耐劳的，不易受伤害的)‎ It’s tough finding a job these days. (困难的)‎ Governments should take tough measures against terrorism. (严厉，强硬的)‎ It’s rather tough on him falling ill just as he is about to go on holiday. (不幸的，倒霉的)‎ ‎5. sound adj.‎ have sound teeth/ a sound mind/ a sound constitution (完好的，健康的)‎ a sound argument, policy (合理的，正确的)‎ a sound tennis player/ piece of writing (严谨的，有能力的)‎ a sound night’s sleep (酣睡的)‎ safe and sound 安然无恙的 sound as a bell 健康的 ‎6. distinguish 区别；辨认 Speeches distinguish human beings from animals. ‎ She distinguished herself by her coolness冷静 and bravery. ‎ ‎ distinguished 卓越的，杰出的 Premier Zhou is a distinguished politician. ‎ 二．文中要点探究 ‎1. I am writing to apply for a position at Student Post, which I saw advertised in the school newspaper last week.‎ 要点探究 ‎(1) 本句是复合句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰a position; 关系代词which在从句中作saw的宾语，而advertised是过去分词作saw后的宾语补足语。‎ ‎(2) apply 作申请解释 ‎ apply to sb for sth 向某人申请某物 The homeless had to apply to the government for food and shelter after the earthquake.‎ ‎ apply sth to sth 将某物应用到某物上 We should learn to apply theory to practice when learning philosophy.‎