2019届一轮复习北师大版必修六Unit16Stories单元学案设计（50页word解析版） 50页

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版选修6Unit16 Stories单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．biography n．传记　　　　　　　　　2.fantasy n．想象(幻想)物 ‎3．victim n．受害者 4.precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 ‎5．architecture n．建筑 6.vivid adj.生动的，逼真的 ‎7．awkward adj.笨拙的，令人不舒服的 8.monument n．纪念碑，纪念堂 ‎9．specific adj.详细的；特定的 10.clumsy adj.笨拙的；不得体的 ‎11．former adj.以前的 12.apparent adj.明显的，显而易见的 ‎13．tiresome adj.讨厌的，令人厌倦的_ 14.tense adj.紧张的_‎ ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃 2.preserve vt.保护，保存 ‎3．witness v．目击 4.loss n．遗失，丢失 ‎5．gather vi.& vt.聚集 6.sorrow n．悲伤，难过 ‎7．sympathy n．同情 8.burst vi.爆炸；冲，闯 ‎9．expand v．扩大，扩充 10.hardship n．艰苦，困苦 ‎11．severe adj.严重的，严厉的 12.eager adj.渴望的；热衷的 ‎13．complex adj.复杂的 14.breakthrough n．突破，重大发现 ‎15．applaud v．鼓掌 16.occur vi.发生 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心→discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的→courage n．勇气→encourage vt.鼓励 ‎*2.suffering n．痛苦，困难→suffer v．遭受 ‎*3.musical adj.音乐的 n．音乐剧，音乐片→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家 ‎4.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的→normal adj.正常的；通常的 ‎*5.admirable adj.令人钦佩的，极佳的→admire vt.尊敬；钦佩→admiration n．尊敬；钦佩 ‎*6.significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.重大的；有重要意义的 ‎7．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束 ‎8.particularly adv.特别地，特定地→particular adj.特别的；挑剔的 ‎9．unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear v．忍耐 ‎10.gradual adj.逐渐的→gradually adv.逐渐地 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Having suffered from the lung cancer for many years, John suffered_a lot of pain, and the sufferings he had were beyond description.‎ ‎2．The failure in the English contest discouraged my brother. What's worse, he felt discouraged in other subjects. In order to help him regain his courage and get relaxed, my parents and I all encouraged him to take a trip.‎ ‎3．This young musician showed his talents for music when he was six years old, and his musical ability was highly spoken of by people.‎ ‎4．Most students think it significant to join the English corner, though a few haven't realized the significance of it.‎ ‎5．Because of his admirable success in playing basketball, many teenagers admire Michael Jordan and think he deserves their admiration.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．dynasty /'dɪnəstɪ/ n．　　　　　 朝代 ‎2．emperor /'empərə(r)/ n．　　　 皇帝 ‎ ‎3．queen /kwiːn/ n. 女王，王后 ‎4．slavery /'sleɪvərɪ/ n. 奴隶制度 ‎5．battle /'bæt(ə)l/ n. 战斗；战役 ‎6．ancestor /'ænsestə(r)/ n. 祖先 ‎7．origin /'ɔrɪdʒɪn/ n. 起源；由来 ‎8．weapon /'wepən/ n. 武器 ‎9．aggression /'əɡreʃ(ə)n/ n. 侵略 ‎10．revolution /ˌrevə'luːʃ(ə)n/ n. 革命 ‎11．uprising /'ʌpraɪzɪŋ/ n. 起义 ‎12．incident /'ɪnsɪd(ə)nt/ n. 事变 ‎13．massacre /'mæsəkə(r)/ n. 大屠杀 ‎14．invade /ɪn'veɪd/ vt. 侵略 ‎15．occupy /'ɒkjupaɪ/ vt. 攻占；忙于 ‎16．historical /hɪ'stɒrɪkl/ adj. 与历史有关的，史学的 ‎17．betray /bɪ'treɪ/ vt. 出卖，泄露(机密)‎ ‎18．escape /ɪ'skeɪp/ vi. 逃跑；逃走 ‎19．feudal /'fjuːdl/ adj. 封建的 ‎20．ancient /'eɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的 ‎21．primitive /'prɪmɪtɪv/ adj. 原始的；远古的 ‎22．historic /hɪ'stɒrɪk/ adj. 历史上著名(或重要)的 ‎23．period /'pɪərɪəd/ n. 时期，时代 ‎24．attack /ə'tæk/ vt.& n． 进攻，攻击，侵害 ‎25．explode /ɪk'spləʊd/ vi. 爆炸 ‎26．abolish /ə'bɔlɪʃ/ vt. 废除；取消 ‎27．representative /ˌreprɪ'zentətɪv/ n．　代表 ‎28．immigrant /'ɪmɪgrənt/ n. 移民 ‎29．empire /'empaɪə(r)/ n. 帝国 ‎30．kingdom /'kɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 ‎31．president /'prezɪdənt/ n. 总统；主席 ‎32．the May 4th Movement 五四运动 ‎33．Opium /'əʊpiəm/ War 鸦片战争 ‎34．Long March 长征 ‎35．the compass 指南针 ‎36．gunpowder 火药 ‎37．papermaking 造纸术 ‎38．printing 印刷术 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎　1.come_into_view出现　　　　　　 *2.knock_sb._over撞倒某人 ‎3．once_upon_a_time_ 从前 　 4.block_out_堵住 ‎5．in_a_way_从某种程度上说 6.name_...after_以……命名 ‎*7.come_across偶然遇见；被理解 *8.hold_up支撑起；延误，推迟 ‎*9.count_on_依靠；指望；确信 　 10.figure_out_理解 ‎　11.end_up以……结束 *12.put_up_with容忍，忍受 ‎*13.in_particular特别，尤其 　 14.refer_to查阅；提到；涉及；提交 ‎　15.on_the_way_to在去……的路上 16.now_that既然，由于 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．I was told that an old lady had been knocked_over by a truck when crossing the road.‎ ‎2．When cooperating with others, we should learn to put_up_with their shortcomings and try to discover their strengths.‎ ‎3．When you come_across any difficulty in your life, don't get discouraged easily.‎ ‎4．She loves the song in_particular,_because her mother used to sing it.‎ ‎5．You are my best friend. I know I can count_on you for good advice from time to time.‎ ‎6．Women are playing a more and more important part in society — they hold_up half the sky.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．in peace 　　　　　　 和平 ‎2．at war 交战 ‎3．turn against 背叛 ‎4．serve in the army 服役 ‎5．defend ...against ... 防御……‎ ‎6．date back to 追溯到 ‎7．date from 起源于，始于 ‎8．break out 爆发 ‎9．in memory of 为了纪念……‎ ‎10．have a history of 有……的历史 ‎11．declare war on 对……宣战 ‎12．vote for/against 投票支持/反对 ‎13．on behalf of 代表 ‎14．come to power 上台执政 ‎15．in the long run 从长远来看 ‎16．Chinese civilization 中华文明 ‎17．cradle of civilization 文明的摇篮 ‎18．unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang ‎ 秦始皇统一中国 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．now that引导原因状语从句 ‎[例句]　Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.‎ ‎[仿写]　既然你知道我有麻烦，如果你能伸出援助之手我将感激不尽。‎ Now_that you know I am in trouble, I would appreciate it if you can give me a hand.‎ ‎2．It is/was＋the＋序数词＋time (＋that)．..‎ ‎[例句]　It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word — a word for something she couldn't touch.‎ ‎[仿写]　我感到有点紧张，因为那是我第一次在公众面前演讲。‎ I was feeling a bit nervous because it_was_the_first_time_that I had given a speech in public.‎ ‎3．形容词(短语)作状语 ‎[例句]　And so the day went on, until finally I climbed, tired and ashamed, into bed.‎ ‎[仿写]　又饿又累，我得停下好好歇会儿。‎ Hungry_and_tired,_I had to stop to have a good rest.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Tang accomplished splendid achievements in the areas of ‎ politics, economy, military affairs, culture, foreign relations and so on.‎ 唐朝在政治、经济、军事、文化、中外关系等方面都取得了辉煌的成就。‎ ‎2．In ancient times, the fast way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.‎ 在古代，最快的旅行方式是骑马或坐马车。‎ ‎3．At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.‎ 在七世纪的唐朝初年，彩灯的展示会一直持续3天。‎ ‎4．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.‎ 只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ A traffic accident occurred at 5pm yesterday. A nineyearold girl was knocked over by a truck and was killed on the spot. Hearing the news, the girl's mother burst out crying. She didn't know how it came about. The witness told the police that the driver abandoned his truck and escaped from the spot while finding the girl was dead. All the people gathering at the spot couldn't put up with the driver's cruelty. And they all counted on the police to catch the tiresome driver as soon as possible.‎ 昨天下午五点发生了一起交通事故。一个九岁的小女孩被一辆卡车撞倒并当场死亡。听到这个消息，小女孩的母亲放声大哭起来。她不知道怎么会发生这种事。目击者告诉警察当卡车司机发现小女孩死亡后弃车逃离了现场。所有聚集在现场的人们都无法容忍卡车司机这种残忍的行为。他们都指望警察尽快抓住那个可恶的司机。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．abandon vt.放弃，遗弃；沉湎于(某种情感) n．[U]放任，放纵 ‎[经典例句]　The game had to be abandoned due to the bad weather.(朗文P2)‎ 由于天气不好，比赛不得不终止。‎ ‎(1)abandon oneself to　　　 沉溺于……，纵情于……‎ abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 ‎(2)with abandon 纵情地，放任地 ‎(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的 ‎①In spite of difficulties, the mayor never abandoned reforming (reform) education system in our city.‎ 尽管困难重重，市长从未放弃在我市进行教育改革。‎ ‎②The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.‎ 那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。‎ ‎③You shouldn't abandon_yourself_to smoking any more, which may ruin your body sooner or later.‎ 你不能再沉迷于抽烟了，抽烟迟早会毁了你的身体。‎ ‎2．preserve vt.保护，保存；维护 n．动植物保护区 ‎[教材原句]　In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule”preserving a frozen moment in history.‎ 从某种程度上说庞培古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上被封存的瞬间。‎ ‎(1)preserve sb./sth. from sth.　　 保护……免受……‎ preserve sth.＋adj. 把某物保存得……‎ ‎(2)nature preserve 自然保护区 ‎(3)preservation n. 保护，保存 ‎①Although it has witnessed so many historical changes, the Greek temple remains well preserved (preserve)．‎ 尽管历尽沧桑，这座希腊寺庙仍保存得很好。‎ ‎②It is our duty to preserve_the_environment_from_being_polluted/pollution.‎ 保护环境免受污染是我们的义务。‎ ‎③The paintings are in an exceptional fine state of preservation (preserve), which are of great value to historical study.‎ 这些画保存完好，它们对历史研究有很大的价值。‎ ‎[联想发散]　preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve 意为“保留；预订”。‎ ‎3．witness vt.目击；见证 vi.为……作证 n．目击者；证人 ‎[高考佳句]　Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. (2015·广东高考读写任务)‎ 一年来，她目睹了班里逐渐发生的变化。‎ ‎(1)witness for　　　　 　　 为……作证 witness to (doing) sth. 证明/作证(做)某事 ‎(2)be a witness to 目击，看见；为……提供证据 give/bear witness to 为……作证/证明 ‎①She witnessed to_having_seen (see) the man enter the building.‎ 她作证说看到此人进了那栋楼。‎ ‎②The following months was_a_witness_to_my efforts, and I finally made great progress in another important exam.‎ 后来的几个月见证了我的努力，我最终在另一个重要考试中取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎③Will you give_witness_to the agreement between us?‎ 您作为我们协议签署的见证人可以吗？‎ ‎[名师点津]　witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接作主语，表述既简洁又形象。有类似用法的动词还有see, find等。‎ ‎④Tokyo will witness the 2020 Olympic Games.‎ ‎2020年奥运会将在东京举行。 ‎ ‎4．occur (occurred, occurred) vi.发生，出现；被想起 ‎[教材原句]　The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD.‎ 那次火山爆发发生在公元79年8月24日。‎ sth. occurs/occurred to sb.　　　 　 　 某事被某人想起 It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人想起……‎ It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事 ‎①Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs_to you and what materials you use.(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)‎ 除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你需要提交一份报告，解释你怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。‎ ‎②It_occurred_to_him_that he had an important conference to attend ‎ the next morning.‎ 他突然想到第二天早上要出席一个重要的会议。‎ ‎③I suppose it_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phone the police.‎ 我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“某人想起……”结构还有：‎ ‎①sb.thinks of sth.　　　　　　 ②sth. strikes/hits sb.‎ ‎③it strikes/hits sb.that ... ④sb.hits on/upon sth.‎ ‎⑤sth.comes to sb./mind ‎5．burst vi.爆炸，冲，闯；突然出现 vt.使破裂；使爆炸 n．爆发，突发 ‎[教材原句]　The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.‎ 因为天然气管道破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。‎ ‎(1)burst into/in　 　　　 突然闯进；破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing ‎ ‎ 突然大哭/大笑 burst with anger/joy/grief ‎ 勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝 ‎(2)a burst of 突发的响声；情感的突然爆发 ‎①When it came to the sad part, she couldn't help but_burst_into_tears.‎ 当谈到伤心处她情不自禁地哭起来。‎ ‎②He burst_into/in without knocking at the door，which made me ‎ very angry.‎ 他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。‎ ‎③His appearance on the platform was greeted with a_burst_of_applause.‎ 他在讲台上的出现，被致以一阵热烈的掌声。‎ ‎6．discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻 ‎[教材原句]　We ought to be focusing on discouraging kids from smoking.‎ 我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们吸烟上。‎ ‎(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.　 　 阻止某人做某事 ‎(2)discouragement n. 阻止；泄气；挫折 ‎(3)discouraged adj. 泄气的；气馁的 be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气 discouraging adj. 令人泄气的 ‎①My father is a lawyer, and he discouraged_me_from_entering the field.‎ 我父亲是一位律师，他不让我从事这个行业。‎ ‎②Spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get_discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.(2015·福建高考书面表达)‎ 不管形势有多么困难，一定要不遗余力地获取知识，不要轻易地灰心泄气。‎ ‎③The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged (discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.(2015·福建高考单选)‎ 这次失败对他来说是一次不小的打击，但是他没有气馁，很快就像以前那样乐观了。‎ ‎7．eager adj.渴望的，热衷的 ‎[教材原句]　Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.‎ 既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的语言并且尽可能多地使用它。‎ be eager for sth.　　　　　　　 渴望某事物 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 ‎①The old man is eager to_come (come) back to his hometown after living abroad for many years.‎ 在国外生活了这么多年，这位老人非常渴望回到自己的家乡。‎ ‎②Cold and hungry, he was_eager_for food and warmth.‎ 又冷又饿，他渴望食物和温暖。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“急切盼望(做)……”的短语还有：‎ ‎①long for/to do sth.　 ②be dying/anxious for/to do sth.‎ ‎③be hungry/thirsty for sth.　 ④be keen on/to do sth.‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．expand vt.& vi.扩大，扩充 补全句子 ‎①They maintain that travelling can help them expand_their_scope_of_knowledge (扩大知识范围)．‎ ‎②He hopes that his store can_be_expanded_into_a_supermarket (可以扩大成一家超市)．‎ ‎2．loss n．遗失；丢失 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The army was forced to withdraw after suffering heavy losses (lose)．‎ ‎②Police are so far at a_loss to explain the reason for his death.‎ ‎③I have felt a_sense_of_loss (失落感) ever since the death of my wife.‎ ‎④The company made_a_loss (亏损) of ￡250,000 in its first year.‎ ‎3．gather vi.& vt.聚集；集合；收集 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The harvest has been safely gathered in this year.‎ ‎②On hearing their teacher calling them, they all gathered around him quickly.‎ ‎③Debbie gathered up our clothes in case of rain.‎ ‎④The bike gathered_speed (加速) as it coasted down the hill.‎ ‎⑤On the night of the MidAutumn Day, people gather_together (聚在一起) eating mooncakes and appreciating the full moon.‎ ‎⑥I took a few moments to gather_my_thoughts (整理思绪) before going into the meeting.‎ ‎4．significance n．重要性，意义；意思，含义 句型转换/补全句子 ‎①The factory set up the year before is very significant to this area's economy.‎ ‎→The factory set up the year before is of great significance to this area's economy.‎ ‎②Obviously, people all over China attach_great_significance_to_ (认为……有重大意义) the 19th NPC.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged (discourage) right after failures.‎ ‎2．Knowing her son was killed in the war, she burst with grief.‎ ‎3．Didn't it ever occur to you that one day you would be fired because of your carelessness?‎ ‎4．His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.‎ ‎5．The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.‎ ‎6．Many young people decided to abandon buying (buy) houses in big cities because of the high house price.‎ ‎7．Few people realized the significance (significant) of the discovery.‎ ‎8．He is always at a loss what to say in front of strangers.‎ ‎9．Gathering around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.‎ ‎10．The little girl is extremely eager _to_know_(know) the result of the exam.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The reference book I bought yesterday is of great significant to your history.significant→significance ‎2．As a student, you shouldn't abandon yourself to play Internet games.play→playing ‎3．With her money lost, she was at loss what to do.at后加a ‎4．Everyone in the room burst into laughing when they saw his ‎ funny actions.into→out或laughing→laughter ‎ ‎5．All her strength drained out when she was discouraging in what she was doing. discouraging→discouraged ‎6．It was occurred to him that he should leave home to try his fortune in the city. 去掉was Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．Hearing this, the whole class burst_into_laughter/burst_out_laughing (突然大笑起来)and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ ‎2．Parents should discourage_their_children_from_smoking (阻止他们的孩子吸烟) at an early age.‎ ‎3．Eager_to_see_her_friends (急于要看到她的朋友), she took a taxi home rather than rode a bike.‎ ‎4．In this nature_preserve (自然保护区), we have taken effective measures to preserve_our_natural_resources_from_being_damaged (保护自然资源免遭破坏)．‎ ‎5．越来越多的人沉溺于抽烟，这对他们的健康造成很大危害。‎ ‎①A number of people are_lost_in_smoking,_which does great harm to their health.(lost)‎ ‎②A number of people are_addicted_to_smoking,_which does great harm to their health.(addicted)‎ ‎③A number of people abandon_themselves_to_smoking,_which does great harm to their health.(abandon)‎ ‎6．他忽然想到这个女孩才是他的真爱。‎ ‎①It_hit/struck_him_that it is the girl that he truly loves.‎ ‎②It_occurred_to_him_that it is the girl that he truly loves.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．come across偶然遇见；被理解 ‎[高考佳句]　When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.(2016·天津高考单选)‎ 沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。‎ come out　　　　　　　　　　 出现；出版；结果是 come about 发生 come up 发生，出现；走近；被提出 come up with 提出，想出 come to (oneself) 苏醒 when it comes to (doing) sth. 当谈及(做)某事 ‎①When it comes to exchanging_(exchange) ideas and feeling with each other, he always keeps silence.‎ 当说到彼此交流意见和想法时，他总是保持沉默。‎ ‎②How did it come_about that the man was dismissed?‎ 那个人被解雇了是怎么回事？‎ ‎③When is the new edition_coming_out?‎ 新版什么时候出版？‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“偶遇”的短语还有：run across, meet with, come upon, meet ...by chance/accident, happen to meet等。‎ ‎2．hold up支撑起；承受住；延误，延迟，推迟；举起 ‎[教材原句]　She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.‎ 她因在建造过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中hold up的含义 ‎①Had it not been for the postal strike, my home letter might not have been held up.延误 ‎②How does he hold up under such a responsibility？承受住 ‎③The factory have iron pillars all over the place holding up the roof.支撑起 ‎④To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person.举起 hold on　　　 　 挺住；坚持住；(打电话)别挂断 hold on to 紧紧抓住；守住，保住 hold back　　　 阻挡，抑制；拦阻；隐瞒；控制 hold out (在困境中)坚持，坚守；伸出；维持，持续 hold off 推迟，延迟 ‎⑤Can you hold_on? I'll try to find her.‎ 你能等一下吗？我尽力去找她。‎ ‎⑥Jim held_back his anger and avoided a fight.‎ 吉姆忍住了怒气，避免了一场斗殴。‎ ‎3．count on 依靠，指望；期望，料想 ‎[教材原句]　Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on.‎ 她父亲认为他是令人钦佩的，因为他建造了你确实能信赖的桥。‎ count on sth./sb.　　　　　　　 指望/依靠某事/某人 count on doing sth. 指望做某事 count on sb.to do/doing sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事 count ... in/out 把……算入/不算入 count down 倒计时，倒数 count sb./sth. as/to be ... 认为某人/某物是……‎ ‎①You can count on him to_finish (finish) the task ahead of the deadline.‎ 你可以指望他在截止日期前完成这项工作。‎ ‎②If you are going out tonight, you'll have to count_me_out.‎ 假如你们今晚要出去，就别把我算在内。‎ ‎③We are_counting_down the days to the end of this summer holiday. ‎ 这个暑假已经在倒计时，快要结束了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　count on和depend on, rely on在表示“指望，依靠，依赖”时意思和用法相同，但depend on还有“取决于”之意。‎ ‎4．Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.‎ 既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。‎ ‎(1)now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，而且that可以省略。‎ ‎①Now_that you have made up your mind, let's get started.‎ 既然你已经下定了决心，那我们就开始吧。‎ ‎(2)引导原因状语从句的常用词分为两类：单词引导词主要有because, as, since等；短语引导词主要有now that, in that, seeing that,‎ ‎ considering (that)等。‎ ‎②Considering (consider) that his skin is exposed to the sun for so long, it is likely to get skin cancer.‎ 他的皮肤长期暴露于太阳下，很可能得皮肤癌。‎ ‎③This experiment is worth trusting_in_that_it is based on scientific facts.‎ 这个实验值得信赖，因为它是建立在科学事实基础之上的。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用come短语填空(come up with/come up/come across/come about/come out)‎ ‎1．I came_across an old diary written by my grandpa.‎ ‎2．Is that the best excuse you can come_up_with?‎ ‎3．How did this situation came_about is still a mystery.‎ ‎4．The question of wage increases came_up at the board meeting.‎ ‎5．A pocket edition of the dictionary will come_out soon.‎ Ⅱ.用hold短语完成下面语段(hold back/hold out/hold up)‎ We were very worried at the news that the rescue vehicles 1.were_held_up (被阻滞) on the road. What's worse, the food was running out and couldn't 2.hold_out (坚持) for long. In order to stabilize (使稳定) the mood of everyone, we 3.held_back (隐瞒) the bad news for the time being. ‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．It is (high) time that we should_take/took_measures_to_improve_people's_living_situation ‎ (采取措施提高人民生活条件)．‎ ‎2．We got to the destination of our trip, safe_and_sound (安全无恙)．‎ ‎3．Now_that_you_have_known_the_truth (既然你已知道了真相), I don't need to explain it.‎ ‎4．It is the first time that he has_been_praised_by_his_teachers (受到老师们的表扬)．‎ Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译/句式升级 ‎1．He manage to count on himself to work out the problem.‎ ‎→He manage to rely/depend on himself to work out the problem.‎ ‎2．They will have to stand/bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.‎ ‎→They will have to put up with the misery of living in constant fear of war.‎ ‎3．Don't promise anything unless you're absolutely sure.‎ ‎→Don't promise anything if you are not absolutely sure. ‎ ‎4．Since it is cold outside, you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎→Now that it is cold outside, you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎5．我们只能依靠他来赢得这次竞赛了。‎ ‎①We can only count_on_him_to_win_the_competition.(count on sb. to do)‎ ‎②We can only count_on_it_that_he__wins_the_competition.(count on it that ...)‎ ‎③We can only count_on_him__winning_the_competition.(count on ‎ sb. doing)‎ ‎6．我昨天找一本书的时候偶然发现了这张老照片。‎ ‎①I came_across_this_old_photograph when looking for a book yesterday.(come across)‎ ‎②I ran_across_this_old_photograph when looking for a book yesterday.(run across)‎ ‎③I found_this_old_photograph_by_chance/accident when looking for a book yesterday.‎ ‎(find ... by chance/accident)‎ ‎7．All the photographs in this book, unless they are stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.(改为省略句)‎ ‎→All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我正走在回家的路上，这时路边一位乞讨的老人映入了我的眼帘。‎ I was walking home and at this time an old man who was begging by the road came_into_view.‎ ‎②他在街角处蜷缩成一团，感到又冷又饿。‎ He huddled_at_the_street_corner and felt cold and hungry.‎ ‎③他还得忍受别人的冷嘲热讽。‎ He had to put_up_with indifference and ridicule from others.‎ ‎④他告诉我那是他第一次感到陌生人的温暖。‎ He told me that it_was_the_first_time__that_he_had_felt the warmth from a stranger.‎ ‎⑤既然每个人都会变老，那么我们为什么不能好好善待我们的父母呢？‎ Now_that everyone will get old, why not treat our parents kindly?‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“be doing ... when ...”句型升级句①‎ I_was_walking_home_when_an_old_man_who_was_begging_by_the_road_came_into_view.‎ ‎(2)用形容词(短语)作伴随状语升级句②‎ He_huddled_at_the_street_corner,_cold_and_hungry.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in addition, after that)‎ I was walking home when an old man who was begging by the road came into view.He huddled at the street corner, cold and hungry. In addition, he had to put up with indifference and ridicule from others. I didn't figure out how he arrived here. Was he abandoned by his own sons and daughters? Without hesitation, I tried my best to help him. He told me that it was the first time that he had felt the warmth from a stranger. After that, I was deep in thought: now that everyone will get old, why not treat our parents kindly? ‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——过去分词作后置定语]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 Around the end of the 本句中called Pliny 课文长难句 ‎ first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.‎ ‎ 为过去分词作定语修饰 writer，另外，that引导定语从句修饰eruption。‎ 这些植物通过空气吸取的是一种以挥发性有机物即缩写为VOC的混合性化学物质。‎ 真题长难句 What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 本句中主语为What the plants pump through the air这一主语从句，a mixture of chemicals 是表语，known as ...short是过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎“历史故事”是“历史与地理”的子话题。考生学习和了解一定的历史知识，不仅能让他们从过去的人物身上和历史事件中得到启发，还能提高他们的历史底蕴和文化修养，有利于考生的身心健康成长，此话题在高考中常以记叙文和说明文为主的阅读理解、完形填空和写作中出现。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·北京高考)‎ A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut ‎ off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.‎ On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch __36__ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be __37__ if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. __38__， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.‎ How could the medicine get to Nome? The town's __39__ was already full of ice, so it couldn't come by ship. Cars and horses couldn't travel on the __40__ roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn't exist yet.‎ ‎__41__ January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were __42__. Nome's town officials came up with a(n) __43__. They would have the medicine sent by __44__ from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers”— would __45__ it to Nome in a relay (接力)．‎ The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. __46__ he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon's face was black from the extreme cold.‎ On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to __47__ a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most __48__ part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could sometimes break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He would __49__， and so would the sick children of Nome. But Seppala made it across.‎ A huge snowstorm hit on February 1. A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his __50__. He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹) to get around them. Conditions were ‎ so bad that it was impossible for him to __51__ the trail again. The only hope was Balto, Kaasen's lead dog. Balto put his nose to the ground, __52__ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. The minutes passed by. Suddenly, Balto began to __53__. He had found the trail.‎ At 5：30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dogs __54__ in Nome. Within minutes, Dr.Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.‎ Nome had been __55__.‎ ‎36．A.examined　　　　　　　 B．warned C．interviewed D．cured ‎37．A.harmless B．helpless C．fearless D．careless ‎38．A.Moreover B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However ‎39．A.airport B．station C．harbor D．border ‎40．A.narrow B．snowy C．busy D．dirty ‎41．A.From B．On C．By D．After ‎42．A.tired B．upset C．pale D．sick ‎43．A.plan B．excuse C．message D．topic ‎44．A.air B．rail C．sea D．road ‎45．A.carry B．return C．mail D．give ‎46．A.Though B．Since C．When D．If ‎47．A.enter B．move C．visit D．cross ‎48．A.shameful B．boring C．dangerous D．foolish ‎49．A.escape B．bleed C．swim D．die ‎50．A.memory B．exit C．way D．destination ‎51．A.find B．fix C．pass D．change ‎52．A.pretending B．trying C．asking D．learning ‎53．A.run B．leave C．bite D．play ‎54．A.gathered B．stayed C．camped D．arrived ‎55．A.controlled B．saved C．founded D．developed ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由首句“It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska.”可知本文是一篇记叙文。读文时重点关注与记叙文体相关的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 结合文中“Alask, that month, the town, January, February”等和“cut off, deadly infectious disease, medicine, struck, recovered”等关键信息词可知文章是一篇关于“治病救人”的记叙文。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了1925年因大雪与外界隔绝的阿拉斯加诺姆市雪上加霜，孩子们感染了致命的白喉病。为了挽救孩子，勇敢的赶狗拉雪橇的人们与死亡赛跑，冒着生命危险，日夜兼程，把急救药品从1 000多英里远的地方运到镇上，最终疾病得到控制，孩子们得救了，诺姆市也得救了。‎ ‎36．选A　联系空后的sick以及“knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious disease”可知，韦尔奇医生给患病的孩子Billy做检查(examine)。examine“检查”；warn“警告”；interview“采访”；cure“治愈”。‎ ‎37．‎ 选B　前文提到diphtheria(白喉)是一种致命的儿童传染病，如果该病席卷诺姆市的话，那么这儿的孩子们就很无助(helpless)了。harmless“无害的”；helpless“无助的”；fearless“无畏的”；careless“粗心的”。‎ ‎38．选D　空前讲到韦尔奇医生急需药品以防止其他孩子患病，空后提到最近的药品供应在1 000多英里远的地方，因此前后为转折关系，故用however。moreover“而且”，表递进；therefore“因此”，表结果；otherwise“否则”，表假设；however“然而”，表转折。‎ ‎39．选C　联系后文的by ship可知，此处是说该市的港口(harbor)已经结满了冰。airport“机场”；station“车站”；harbor“港口”；border“边界”。‎ ‎40．选B　联系文章首段中的“heavy snow”可知，由于大雪，诺姆市与外界隔绝，所以汽车和马无法在满是雪的(snowy)道路上行进。narrow“狭窄的”；snowy“多雪的”；busy“繁忙的”；dirty“脏的”。‎ ‎41．选C　联系后文的had died可知，此处表示的是“到1月26日为止，Billy和其他三个孩子已经病逝了”，故选by“在……之前，到……为止”。‎ ‎42．选D　前文提到“Billy和其他三个孩子已经病逝了”，所以此处表达的是“还有20个孩子患病了(sick)”。tired“疲倦的”；upset“烦恼的”；pale“苍白的”；sick“患病的”。‎ ‎43．选A　联系后文的接力运送药品可知，诺姆市政府官员提出了解决方案，想出了一个计划(plan)。plan“计划”；excuse“理由”；message“口信”；topic“话题”。‎ ‎44．选B　联系下一段中的“from the train at Nenana”可知，药品通过铁路(by rail)从Anchorage运送到Nenana。by air“乘飞机”；by rail“乘火车”；by sea“由海路”；by road“由公路”。‎ ‎45．选A　联系上下文语境我们知道，通过接力，赶狗拉雪橇的人们把药品运送(carry)到诺姆市。carry“运送”；return“归还”；mail“邮寄”；give“交给”。‎ ‎46．选C　结合上下文语境可知，当Shannon赶了一整夜的路把药品传给下一位时，他冻得脸色乌青，故选C项。though“尽管”；since“自从……以来”；when“当……的时候”；if“如果”。‎ ‎47．选D　联系后文内容我们知道，另一位赶狗拉雪橇者Seppala途中必须穿过(cross)一片冰冻水域。enter“进入”；move“移动”；visit“参观”；cross“穿过”。‎ ‎48．选C　联系后文中的“sometimes break up without warning”我们知道，这片水域的冰块有时会在没有任何警告的情况下发生破裂，因此是危险的(dangerous)。shameful“可耻的”；boring“乏味的”；dangerous“危险的”；foolish“愚蠢的”。‎ ‎49．选D　根据上下文语境可知，如果掉入冰冻的水中，他会死掉(die)，药品也就送不到，诺姆市的那些患病的孩子们就会死去。escape“逃走”；bleed“流血”；swim“游泳”；die“死去”。‎ ‎50．选C　联系前文的“huge piles of snow”和后文中的“get around them”可知，巨大的雪堆一度阻挡了Kaasen前进的道路(way)。block one's way“阻挡某人的道路”。memory“记忆”；exit“出口”；way“道路”；destination“目的地”。‎ ‎51．选A　联系前文中的“leave the trail”可知，情况如此恶劣，以致他无法找到(find)雪橇走过的痕迹。find“找到”；fix“确定”；pass“经过”；change“改变”。‎ ‎52．选B　结合上下文语境可知，领路狗把鼻子凑到地面上，努力(try)寻找其他沿着雪橇痕迹经过的狗的味道。pretend“假装”‎ ‎；try“努力”；ask“请求”；learn“学习”。‎ ‎53．选A　联系上文可知，Balto是领路狗(lead dog)，再根据常识可知，狗发现了雪橇痕迹，自然在前面跑(run)起来，以起到领路作用。run“跑”；leave“离开”；bite“咬”；play“玩耍”。‎ ‎54．选D　联系前后文内容可知，Kaasen最终安全地到达(arrive in)了诺姆市，将药品交给韦尔奇医生。gather“聚集”；stay“停留”；camp“宿营”；arrive“到达”。‎ ‎55．选B　联系前文内容可知，药品送到了，疾病得到了控制，孩子们得救了，诺姆市也得救(save)了。control“控制”；save“挽救”；found“创建”；develop“发展”。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法5]　利用语法分析解题 完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如文中的41题，本句句意：到1月26日为止，Billy和其他三个孩子都去世了。句子的谓语使用的是过去完成时，“By＋时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时。故选择C项。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．deadly adj.　　　　　　　 致命的 ‎2．affect vt. 影响；感动；作用 ‎3．relay vt. 接力；接替 n. 继电器；接力赛 ‎4．the rest of 其余的 ‎5．come up with 提出 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京高考)‎ 你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．你建议的线路；‎ ‎2．你的理由；‎ ‎3．你的祝愿。‎ 注意：1.词数不少于50；‎ ‎2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Jim， ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．长江和泰山　　　 the_Yangtze_River_and_Mount_Tai ‎2．推荐 recommend ‎3．中华文明 Chinese_civilization ‎4．风景 scenery ‎5．旅游景点 sightseeing_spots 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．在去长江和泰山这两条旅行线路中，二者都被极力推荐。‎ Of_the_two_trips_to_the_Yangtze_River_and_Mount_Tai,_both_‎ are_highly_recommended.‎ ‎2．我比较喜欢沿长江的旅行。‎ I_prefer_the_tour_along_the_Yangtze_River.‎ ‎3．长江是中国最长的河流，也是中华文明的母亲河。‎ The_Yangtze_River_is_the_longest_river_in_China_and_one_of_the_mother_rivers_of_Chinese_civilization.‎ ‎4．你可以了解到许多有关中国和中华民族的历史。‎ You_can_learn_a_lot_about_the_history_of_China_and_Chinese_people.‎ ‎5．沿江景色令人称奇，有很多著名景点。‎ The_scenery_along_the_river_is_amazing,_and_there_are_many_wellknown_sightseeing_spots.‎ ‎6．我认为沿长江之行将会是一个更好的选择。‎ I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_choice.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用同位语合并练习2、3‎ I_prefer_the_tour_along_the_Yangtze_River,_the_longest_river_in_China_and_one_of_the_mother_rivers_of_Chinese_civilization.‎ ‎2．用with复合结构升级练习5‎ The_scenery_along_the_river_is_amazing,_with_many_wellknown_sightseeing_spots.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Jim，‎ I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.‎ Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly recommended. Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River, the ‎ longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many wellknown sightseeing spots. That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.‎ Hope you'll have a good time in China.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The hotel wants to expand (拓展) its business by adding a swimming pool. ‎ ‎2．Representatives of different nationalities gather_(聚集) in the same hall to discuss affairs of state.‎ ‎3．If any of these symptoms occurs (出现) while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.‎ ‎4．I was unwilling to be a witness (目击者) of their quarrel.‎ ‎5．I think it our duty to preserve (保护) traditional Chinese culture.‎ ‎6．The biggest restriction (限制) on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something.‎ ‎7．The information was in a specific (特定的) computer folder (文件夹)．‎ ‎8．All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy (同情) rose up in my heart.‎ ‎9．Eager (急切的) to know more about the story, he buried himself in the book.‎ ‎10．It is reported that the abandoned (abandon) baby has been sent to the local hospital.‎ ‎11．If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don't be discouraged (discourage)．‎ ‎12．To their great relief, the missing child returned home, tired (tire) but sound, after an absence of two weeks.‎ ‎13．The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance (significant)．‎ ‎14．After moving to the new town, I gradually (gradual) accustomed myself to the surroundings.‎ ‎15．He made his points with admirable (admire) clarity.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When it comes to play basketball, he is always talking without stop.play→playing ‎2．Unsettled but excited, because it is the first time that I had gone on a holiday on my own. had→have ‎3．Although ordering to stop, the driver kept on driving as fast as he could.‎ ‎_ordering→ordered ‎4．WeChat has exploded in popularity in recent years, particular among young people.‎ particular→particularly ‎5．Always keep in mind that don't get discouraging easily because of any failure.‎ discouraging→discouraged ‎6．I felt nervous for first time I gave a speech to many students.for→the ‎7．As she worked, some good ideas began to occur her about the spare parts. occur后加to ‎8．Everyone burst out cheers as we got closer to the scenic spot.out→into ‎9．We can only count on that he is very smart.on后加it ‎10．The driver witnessed to have seen the man enter the room.have→having Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．渴望成功是人的天性。‎ It's human that everyone is_eager_for_success.‎ ‎2．这个问题如果不恰当处理，可能使双方产生误解。‎ The problem, unless_handled_properly,_may lead to misunderstanding between the two sides.‎ ‎3．我花了好几个月的时间才为该银行提出一个可接受的计划。‎ It took me months to come_up_with_an_acceptable_plan for the bank.‎ ‎4．既然你对中国的传统文化很感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你去体验一下。‎ Now_that_you_are_interested_in_traditional_Chinese_cultures,_I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.‎ ‎5．他一知道自己考试不及格，就失声痛哭。‎ Scarcely had he known his failure in the exam when he burst_out_crying/burst_into_tears.‎ ‎6．老人幸福而又满足地过世了。‎ The old man died, happy_and_satisfied.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A When The New Republic magazine predicted who would win the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature on Oct. 6th, it said: “Not Bob Dylan. That's for sure.” However, the award came as a surprise to many. On Oct. 13th, the famous US musician was named the Nobel laureate (获奖者) by the Swedish Academy. He has created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition, according to the organization.‎ Although Dylan, 75, is not really thought to be a literary (文学的) writer, he has given the world a lot of creative works over 50 years, especially when it comes to his folk songs.‎ In his 1985 album Biograph, Dylan wrote about the appeal of folk music to him. Rock songs weren't serious enough or didn't reflect life in a realistic way, according to Dylan. But folk was a more serious type of thing. The songs are filled with more sadness, more joy and much deeper feelings.‎ Dylan's music and lyrics spoke to many people during the 1960s. His lyrics were often about great political issues, such as the Civil Rights Movement. The 1960s was a time of change when the young were making sure that their voices were heard. The idea is most famously expressed in Dylan's The Times They Are aChangin' (1964), which warns the world, “You'd better start swimming or you'll sink like a stone, for the times they are achangin'！”‎ There were complaints that a literary prize had been given to a singer, but ancient Greek poets Homer and Sappho wrote poetic works that were meant to be listened to, that were meant to be performed, often ‎ with instruments, and it's the same way with Dylan, the Swedish Academy's permanent secretary Sara Danius told CNN.‎ It could even be said that giving the important prize to Dylan has brought back an old literary tradition. The millions whose lives Dylan's words and music have changed will surely welcome the award.‎ ‎1．Why did people feel surprised when Dylan got the Nobel Prize?‎ A．Because he was not excellent.‎ B．Because people didn't think he was a literary writer.‎ C．Because he was only interested in singing folk songs.‎ D．Because people didn't believe in him.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段“Although Dylan, 75, is not really thought to be a literary (文学的) writer, he has given the world a lot of creative works over 50 years, especially when it comes to his folk songs”可知，人们认为Dylan不是文学作家，因此认为他不大可能得奖。‎ ‎2．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Folk music reflects a real life.‎ B．Songwriters shouldn't get the prize.‎ C．People like rock music more.‎ D．Dylan is a very serious person.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可推知，仿民歌歌曲与摇滚乐形成对比，反映了真实的生活。‎ ‎3．From Dylan's writing, we know he cares more about ________.‎ A．music　　　　　　　 B．his voice C．politics D．change 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“His lyrics were often about great political issues, such as the Civil Rights Movement”可知，Dylan的作品大多关乎政治事件，因此，Dylan很关心政治。‎ ‎4．According to Sara Danius, ________.‎ A．Dylan is worth the prize B．Sappho should get the prize C．the Academy is worth the prize D．Homer should win the prize 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的整体内容可推知，Sara Danius认为Dylan获得诺贝尔奖是实至名归。‎ B A recent Stanford study found that America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age. It's apparent that something has to change in the nation's classrooms. That something, according to Professor Sam Wineburg, one of those Stanford researchers, is “practice.”‎ ‎“How do they become prepared to make the choices about what to believe, what to forward, what to post to their friends，” Wineburg asked on NPR's All Things Considered, “when teachers give no practice to them？”‎ Patricia Hunt, an experienced teacher at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Va., is doing something she has never done before: helping to pilot a new, digital course called the checkology virtual classroom. It comes from the nonprofit The News Literacy Project.‎ Hunt's students, most of them seniors, work in threes or fours. They're presented with a series of stories that are rapidly and broadly spread via the Internet. Some are false information. Some are ads. And ‎ some are pure fact.‎ ‎“We don't know which is which at this point，” laughs student Kahder Smith. “We actually have to sit down, take our time, and actually read them. And probably Google some stuff to see if it's real or not.”‎ A post claims that more than a dozen people died after receiving the flu vaccine (疫苗) in Italy and that the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) is now telling people not to get a flu shot.‎ ‎“I mean, I've heard many unconfirmed reports that the flu shot's bad for you，” student Autumn Cooper says. But instinct (直觉) tells her the story's wrong. “It just doesn't look like a reliable source. It looks like this is off Facebook and someone shared it.” Cooper labels the story “fiction”. And she's right.‎ Instead of teaching students the fundamentals of factchecking, many schools simply ignore the problem, blocking social media sites on school computers.‎ ‎“It's like teaching students to drive in the parking lot and then sending them out on the highway and saying ‘Good luck！’” says Audrey Church, president of the American Association of School Librarians.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。美国的一些学校开设了教学生如何鉴别网络消息真假的课程，很多专家学者表示赞同。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．Stanford researchers.　　　 B．Media people.‎ C．Students. D．Teachers.‎ 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据第一段中的“America's students are shockingly bad at telling fact from fiction in this digital age”‎ 可知，在电子时代，美国的学生缺乏辨别真假消息的能力，由此可推测，这里是问“这些学生”怎样才能做好准备选择相信、传递、发布哪些消息呢？另外，根据第二段末的“when teachers give no practice to them”也可推测，这里的they指的是学生。‎ ‎6．How does Hunt run the digital course?‎ A．By inviting experts to give students lectures.‎ B．By asking students to go on the Internet together.‎ C．By taking students to a news organization regularly.‎ D．By letting students identify factual information in groups.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四、五段内容可知，Hunt让她的学生三四人一组鉴别真假消息。‎ ‎7．According to Church, what should schools do?‎ A．Help students improve driving skills.‎ B．Teach students how to spot false news.‎ C．Allow students to drive on the highway.‎ D．Ask students to avoid using social media.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，Church认为学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法就像是在停车场教会学生们开车后让他们直接上高速，这样做无疑风险很大。由此可推测他反对学校屏蔽社交媒体的做法，而是希望学校能够教孩子们如何识别假新闻。‎ ‎8．What does the text mainly discuss?‎ A．The findings of a recent Stanford study.‎ B．An educational issue in the digital age.‎ C．The influence of a widely spread post.‎ D．An experienced high school teacher.‎ 解析：‎ 选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讨论了在电子时代，老师如何帮助学生们学会鉴别网络消息的真假，这是一个教育问题。‎ 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎ [完形填空精准练]‎ ‎(2018·东北育才学校模拟)On Sunday, Samuel Flores noticed a dog standing on the pavement carefully watching over the __1__ body of another dog. He called the local animal rescue association for __2__ and was soon joined by the organization's founder Julie Fennell. Fennell __3__ approached the dog. __4__ he initially resisted, the dog appeared to __5__ they were trying to help and finally agreed to get into Fennell's car. __6__， even as Fennell was taking him to the __7__， he kept looking through the window toward where his companion had been __8__. The poor dog, of course, had no idea that the team had __9__ his dead friend as well.‎ Since the dog did not have a collar or planted microchip, it took some time for the rescue shelter to locate its __10__. At the same time, though, __11__ the moving picture of the dog __12__ his friend that Flores posted on his social media pages, the animal shelter was flooded with __13__ from people wishing to adopt the __14__ dog.‎ Fortunately, they were able to locate its __15__ owners who had been searching for these two dogs, Brian and Marley. Fennell says that __16__ the trail of blood on the road, Marley had most likely been hit by a car. She believes that Brian had not only dragged his friend to the __17__， but also, patiently stood guard for almost six hours.‎ Though Brian has been __18__ with his owners, the shelter has many dogs that are __19__ looking for good homes. The shelter's ‎ officials hope that this story will __20__ more people to adopt these animals.‎ ‎1．A.relaxed　　　　　　　 B．lifeless C．disabled D．powerful 解析：选B　根据本段末尾的“dead friend”可知这只小狗的同伴已经去世，故它在认真守护着的是一具“无生命的(lifeless)”尸体。‎ ‎2．A.help B．advice C．adoption D．information 解析：选A　根据该空后的“joined by the organization's founder”可知，Samuel给动物收容所打电话是为了寻求“帮助(help)”。‎ ‎3．A.eagerly B．bravely C．cautiously D．nervously 解析：选C　接近不熟悉的动物时要“谨慎(cautiously)”，这是常识，专业人员当然不会不知道。‎ ‎4．A.If B．When C．Because D．Though 解析：选D　最初的“反抗”和最后的“同意上车”之间是转折关系，故此处填转折连词Though。‎ ‎5．A.expect B．realize C．wonder D．imagine 解析：选B　根据该空后面的“finally agreed to get into Fennell's car”可以推知，小狗好像“意识到(realize)”他们在尽力帮它。‎ ‎6．A.However B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Otherwise 解析：选A　小狗最后同意上车了，“然而(However)”‎ ‎，当汽车离去时，它一直透过窗户看同伴所在的地方。‎ ‎7．A.car B．home C．shelter D．hospital 解析：选C　根据下文中的“it took some time for the rescue shelter to locate its ...”可知小狗被送到了动物“收容所(shelter)”。‎ ‎8．A.lying B．watching C．sleeping D．standing 解析：选A　小狗的同伴已经去世了，所以应该是“躺(lying)”在那里。‎ ‎9．A.picked up B．gone after C．sent away D．thrown away 解析：选A　根据本句最后的“as well”可知，死去的小狗也被“捡起来了(picked up)”。‎ ‎10．A.buyers B．friends C．owners D．founders 解析：选C　因为没有项圈和植入的微芯片，找到小狗的“主人(owners)”花了不少时间。下文中的“owners who had been searching for these two dogs”也给出了提示。‎ ‎11．A.as to B．thanks to C．except for D．regardless of 解析：选B　“因为(thanks to)”小狗的照片被贴到了社交网站上，所以许多人才能看到并希望领养这只小狗。‎ ‎12．A.pulling B．following C．saving D．guarding 解析：选D　根据上文的“a dog standing on the pavement carefully ‎ watching over the ________ body of another dog”可知，这是一张关于小狗“守护(guarding)”朋友的照片。‎ ‎13．A.food B．money C．calls D．comments 解析：选C　Flores把小狗守护同伴的照片贴到社交网站后，动物收容所接到无数想要领养小狗的人们打来的“电话(calls)”。‎ ‎14．A.sick B．loyal C．injured D．lucky 解析：选B　由上文的“carefully watching over”以及下一段末尾的“patiently stood guard for almost six hours”可知这是一只“忠诚的(loyal)”小狗。‎ ‎15．A.busy B．angry C．tired D．worried 解析：选D　根据该空后面的“had been searching for these two dogs”可推知，小狗的主人很“着急(worried)”。‎ ‎16．A.relying on B．looking for C．judging from D．discussing about 解析：选C　Marley可能是被一辆车撞了的事实是通过路面上的血迹“判断(judging from)”出来的。‎ ‎17．A.side B．ground C．gate D．road 解析：选A　根据上文中的“a dog standing on the pavement”可推知，小狗Brian把朋友拖到了“路边(side)”并耐心守护近六个小时。‎ ‎18．A.connected B．trained C．compared D．reunited 解析：选D　解析见下题。‎ ‎19．A.never B．still C．even D．ever 解析：选B　尽管Brian已经和他的主人“团聚(reunited)”了，但收容所还有许多狗“仍然(still)”在寻找好的归宿。‎ ‎20．A.allow B．advise C．force D．encourage 解析：选D　动物收容所的官员希望这则故事能“鼓励(encourage)”更多人领养这些可爱的动物。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 You may have difficulty holding back your negative emotions if you are hurt by someone deeply. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly __1__ (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research __2__ (show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. In addition, they tend to show __3__ (little) anger and more hopefulness. As a result, it makes it possible for them __4__ (reduce) the tiredness out of the immune system and allows people to feel more energetic.‎ Calm down first if you feel hurt. Take a couple of __5__ (breath) and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an __6__ (apologize). Many times the person __7__ has hurt you may never think of apologizing. They may just see things in different ways. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be waiting for __8__ very long time.‎ Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __9__ (accept) the action of the person who has upset you. Mentally going over ‎ your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things __10__ the other person's point of view.‎ 语篇解读：如果有人伤害了你，不要等待别人来主动道歉，而学会原谅别人，这样不仅可以改善人际关系，而且对自己的身心健康也有好处。‎ ‎1．beneficial　考查词性转换。句意：然而，原谅是可能的，并且原谅会对你的身心健康出奇地有益。设空处作be的表语，且有副词surprisingly修饰，应用形容词，故填beneficial。‎ ‎2．has shown　考查动词的时态。句意：到目前为止，研究显示原谅别人的人会有更多的精力、更好的胃口和更好的睡眠。根据时间状语So far可知，此处强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故填has shown。‎ ‎3．less　考查形容词比较级。句意：另外，他们倾向于表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。and连接两个并列成分，根据空后的more可知，此处应用比较级。little的比较级为less。‎ ‎4．to reduce　考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，它使他们减少免疫系统的劳累成为可能，并让人们感到精力更加充沛。此处为“make＋it＋adj.＋不定式”结构，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。故填to reduce。‎ ‎5．breaths　考查名词单复数。句意：吸几口气，想想带给你快乐的事情：大自然中的美景或是你爱的某个人。take a breath为固定搭配，意为“吸一口气”，其中breath作“吸气量；一口气”讲时，为可数名词，空前有a couple of修饰，因此此处应用复数形式。故填breaths。‎ ‎6．‎ apology　考查词性转换。句意：不要等待道歉。设空处前有不定冠词an修饰，应用名词形式。故填apology。‎ ‎7．who/that　考查定语从句。句意：多次伤害你的人可能永远不会考虑道歉。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the person，且在从句中作主语，指人，故用who或that引导定语从句。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。句意：因此，如果你等待人们来道歉，你可能要等很长一段时间。此处泛指“很长一段时间”，应填不定冠词a。‎ ‎9．accepting　考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来要记住原谅并不一定意味着要接受使你心烦意乱的那个人的行为。根据句意，mean在此意为“意味着”，其后应接动名词作宾语。故填accepting。‎ ‎10．from　考查介词。句意：最后，尽量从别人的角度看待事情。from one's point of view为固定搭配，意为“从某人的观点来说”，故填from。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·南昌调研)Ehongbao is actual a kind of lucky money from and to relatives or friends during festivals or on special occasions. For much young people, grabbing ehongbao on their mobile phones are a fairly common and exciting activity. Unlike the tradition of elders giving lucky money to children, over half of the people send ehongbao are young. It's just for fun or giving best wish, while the sum of money matters a little. In a word, ehongbao added color to the old tradition. However, I'm concerning about the safety of online payment. But I think regulations on the ehongbao system need to be improved guarantee its operation.‎ 答案：第一句：actual→actually 第二句：much→many; are→is 第三句：send→sending 第四句：wish→wishes; 去掉a 第五句：added→adds 第六句：concerning→concerned 第七句：But→And; guarantee前加to