2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero学案(1) 12页

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero ‎ [话题单词]‎ ‎1．achievement n. 成就 ‎2．determination n. 决心 ‎3．admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏 ‎4．respect vt. 尊敬 ‎5．sacrifice vt. 牺牲 ‎6．ambitious adj. 有雄心的 ‎7．attractive adj. 有魅力的 ‎8．confident adj. 自信的 ‎9．educated adj. 受过教育的 ‎10．enthusiastic adj. 热情的 ‎11．intelligent adj. 聪明的，有智力的 ‎12．creative adj. 富创造力的 ‎13．wise adj. 明智的，有智慧的 ‎14．virtue n. 美德 ‎15．perseverance n. 毅力 ‎[话题短语]‎ ‎1．dream of梦想 ‎2．be interested in对……感兴趣 ‎3．be strict in one’s work对工作要求严格 ‎4．have much knowledge of精通……‎ ‎5．be active in积极从事于 ‎6．be on fire for scientific research对科学研究充满热情 ‎7．feel pleased/satisfied/content/contented感到满意 ‎8．feel proud/optimistic感到骄傲(乐观)‎ ‎9．feel nervous/worried/sad/angry感到紧张(忧虑、伤心、生气)‎ ‎10．have pity on sb./feel empathy for sb.同情某人 ‎[话题佳句]‎ ‎1．Great hopes make great men.‎ 伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。‎ ‎2．Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.‎ 世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎3．These experiences and practice help me prepare to face challenges in the future.‎ 这些经历和实践有助于我面对将来的挑战。‎ ‎4．My hard work pays off，and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/of the progress I have made.‎ 我的努力没有白费，我为自己所取得的进步感到骄傲。‎ ‎5．Everyone has a beautiful dream but we should base it on our reality.‎ 每个人都有美好的梦想，但我们的梦想应该从实际出发。‎ ‎6．No matter what we do we are supposed to choose a proper way.‎ 无论我们干什么，都应该选择合适的方法。‎ ‎[佳作背诵]‎ 中国药学家屠呦呦 假定你是李华，对中国传统医药很感兴趣。你获悉中国药学家屠呦呦因发现了青蒿素被授予2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。请给你的美国朋友David发一封邮件分享此消息。信件须包括以下内容：‎ 我的心情：骄傲和激动；‎ 我的评价：她找到了治疗疟疾的方法，数千万人从中受益；‎ 我的志向：立志考入屠呦呦的母校北大，造福人民。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ 参考词汇：药学家 pharmacologist 青蒿素 artemisinin 疟疾 malaria ‎2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ‎[佳作欣赏]‎ Dear David，‎ I would like to share a piece of exciting news with you.‎ Tu Youyou, a great pharmacologist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. Hearing the news, I felt proud as well as excited. She pioneered a new approach to malaria treatment. Her discovery has benefited hundreds of millions of people and promises to benefit many more.‎ I have been interested in Chinese traditional medicine. I will study hard to be admitted to Beijing‎ ‎University, from which Tu Youyou graduated. I will follow her example, devoted to benefiting as many people as possible.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．核心词汇 ‎①escape vi. & vt.逃脱；逃走；泄露 ‎②vote vt. & vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决 ‎③attack vt.进攻；抨击；攻击 ‎④equal adj.相等的；平等的 ‎⑤beg vi.请求；乞求 ‎⑥reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏 ‎⑦opinion n．意见；看法；主张 ‎⑧sentence vt.判决；宣判 ‎⑨willing adj.乐意的；自愿的 willingness n．自愿，乐意 ‎⑩active adj.积极的；活跃的 actively adv.积极地；活跃地 activity n．活动 ‎⑪devote vt.献身；专心于devoted adj.忠实的；深受的 ‎⑫educate vt.教育；训练 educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n．教育 ‎2．常考词汇 ‎①quality n．品质；质量；性质 ‎②mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎③generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 ‎④found vt.建立；建设 ‎⑤terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 ‎⑥unfair adj.不公平的；不公正的 ‎⑦legal adj.法律的；依照法律的 illegal adj.非法的 ‎⑧guidance n．指导；领导 guide v．指导 ‎⑨self n．自我；自身 selfish adj.自私的 selfless adj.无私的；忘我的 ‎⑩violence n．暴力；暴行 violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Then it attacked (attack) the back of Mac’s bike, tearing open his tent bag.(2017·浙江卷)‎ ‎2．In a word, the trip will be both relaxing and rewarding (reward), which is bound to be a memorable experience for you.(2017·北京卷)‎ ‎3．In a further twist，birth rate is highest in poorly educated (educate) rural areas and lowest in highly educated (educate) urban areas.(2017·江苏卷)‎ ‎4．Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality (equal) of educational opportunity.(2017·江苏卷)‎ ‎5．Both of us had the qualities (quality) and virtues that are typical of American actors.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎6．Parents should actively (active) urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(2016·江苏卷)‎ ‎7．Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish (self) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎8．For previous generations, guidance (guide) and support needed help from people of the same age.(2016·北京卷)‎ ‎9．In recent years, internet voting (vote) has become increasingly popular in China.(2016·江苏卷)‎ ‎10．Scientists say that your willingness (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years.(2016·北京卷)‎ ‎❶表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描 ‎①generous慷慨的 ‎②mean吝啬的 ‎③devoted忠实的 ‎④easygoing随和的 ‎⑤warmhearted热心肠的 ‎⑥active积极的 ‎⑦energetic有活力的 ‎⑧enthusiastic充满热情的 ‎❷“真诚，诚实”家族 ‎①sincere adj.真诚的；sincerely adv.真诚地 ‎②genuine adj.真诚的，真心的；genuinely adv.真诚地，诚实地 ‎③hearty adj.亲切的，真诚的，热诚的 ‎④purehearted adj.真诚的 ‎⑤honest adj.诚实的，正直的；‎ honesty n．诚实，正直，坦诚 ‎❸名词后缀ful构成的形容词荟萃 ‎①peaceful和平的 ‎②painful痛苦的 ‎③harmful有害的 ‎④powerful强大的 ‎⑤cheerful欢乐的 ‎⑥meaningful有意义的 ‎⑦beautiful美丽的，美观的 ‎⑧merciful仁慈的；宽大的 ‎⑨harmful有害的；致伤的 ‎⑩careful小心的，仔细的，谨慎的 ‎❹“奖，奖赏”家族 ‎①award vt.授予，奖给 n．奖品，奖金 ‎②reward vt.酬谢，奖赏 n．报酬，酬金 ‎③prize n．奖金，奖品 ‎④bonus n．奖金，红利 二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．动词＋介词/副词/名词 ‎①blow up使充气；爆炸 ‎②turn to求助于；致力于 ‎③set up设立；建立 ‎④lose heart丧失勇气或信心 ‎⑤come to power当权；上台 ‎2．介词＋名词 ‎①in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎②in prison蹲监狱 ‎③in one’s opinion/view在某人看来 ‎3．其他形式 ‎①out of work失业 ‎②as a matter of fact事实上 ‎③be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎④be willing to do...愿意做某事 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎1．In 1963 the UN set_up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017·江苏卷)‎ ‎2．But I still want to have my parents to turn_to whenever I need help.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ ‎3．We should not lose_heart in face of difficulties.(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎4．How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out_of_work for months？(2014·浙江卷)‎ ‎5．Mandela was_sentenced_to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against the government.‎ ‎❶“动词＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①belong to属于 ‎②object to反对 ‎③refer to谈到；涉及；参阅 ‎④point to指向 ‎⑤turn to求助于；致力于 ‎⑥stick/hold/keep to坚持，忠于 ‎⑦see to处理，料理 ‎⑧come to共计，苏醒 ‎❷“动词＋up(向上)”短语集锦 ‎①pick up捡起 ‎②put up举起；张贴 ‎③send up使上升；发射 ‎④rise up起义 ‎⑤look up抬起头 ‎⑥hold up举起 ‎⑦take up拿起 ‎⑧build up增强 三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通 背原句 学句型 练仿写 ‎1.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws ‎ ‎(1)主语是时间或地点名词，谓语是see, find ‎ ‎①杭州城自从2016年发生了巨大的变化。‎ stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。‎ 等动词，表示经历或目睹了某事。‎ ‎(2)where 引导定语从句修饰stage。‎ The city of Hangzhou has_seen_great_changes since 2016.‎ ‎②在计划的初始阶段，我们应该保守秘密。‎ We should keep secret at the stage where_the_plan_starts.‎ ‎2.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。‎ 直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。‎ Only when Lily walked into the office did_she_realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎3.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。‎ the first time“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句。‎ 第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。‎ The_first_time_we_lost_the_match,_we all felt very depressed, because we had all been devoted to making full preparations for it.‎ devote vt.‎(与to连用) 献身；专心于 ‎(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.献身于……；致力于……‎ devote one’s life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……‎ ‎(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to sth./doing sth.专心于；奉献于……‎ ‎(3)devotion n．关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ‎①(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.‎ 一个伟人是一个致力于帮助别人的人。‎ ‎②(2016·北京卷)Neighbors devoted (devote) their spare time to helping (help) others rebuild.‎ 邻居们都把他们的业余时间花在了帮助别人重建家园上了。‎ ‎③Mrs.White，a devoted (devote) friend of mine，devoted (devote) herself to teaching (teach) ‎ and her devotion (devote) to children made us vote for her.‎ 怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。‎ 在短语devote...to...中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。‎ ‎[填一填]　根据提示写出下面带介词to的动词短语 ‎①pay_attention_to 注意 ‎②be/get/become/grow_used_(accustomed)_to 习惯于 ‎③stick_to 坚持 ‎④get_down_to 开始着手(做某事)‎ ‎⑤object_to 反对 ‎⑥adapt_(oneself)_to 适应 ‎⑦look_forward_to 期盼 ‎⑧lead_to 导致 equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物 ‎(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事 ‎(2)A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌 ‎(3)without equal/have no equal无与伦比 ‎(4)equality n．平等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地 ‎①(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.‎ 但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这可以帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。‎ ‎②(2016·北京卷)Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important.‎ 学会处理社交世界也是同等重要的。‎ ‎③We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations，big or small.‎ 我们中国一贯主张国家无论大小一律平等。‎ ‎④单句语法填空(2017·天津卷)It will put fully driverless cars on an equal (equality) legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ 它将充分地把无人驾驶的汽车与有人驾驶的汽车置于平等的法律基础之上。‎ reward n．& vt.报酬；奖赏；酬劳；奖金 ‎(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励 ‎(2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.为某事而用……酬谢某人 reward sb.for sth/doing sth 为……酬谢某人 ‎①(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.‎ 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。‎ ‎②I don’t expect anything in_reward.‎ 我不指望得到任何酬谢。‎ ‎③We would like to_reward (reward) you with a free seat in first class.‎ 我们愿意奖励您免费乘坐头等舱的座位．‎ ‎　award/reward 名词 动词 award 奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似 意为“授予、颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.‎ reward 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for(doing)sth.‎ ‎④Tu Youyou was one of three scientists awarded (award) the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.They were_rewarded (reward) with the prize of 8 million Swedish crowns($960,000)．‎ 中国药理学家屠呦呦和其他两位科学家共获2015年度诺贝尔生理医学奖这一殊荣。并授予他们8百万瑞典克朗(相当于96万美元)。”‎ ‎⑤单句语法填空(2017·江苏卷)In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were_rewarded (reward) with the most food.‎ in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(表状态)‎ ask/look for trouble 找麻烦；自讨苦吃 take trouble to do sth.费力/不辞辛苦地做某事(在trouble前可根据语境加上a lot of/a ‎ little/great等)‎ make trouble 闹事；捣乱 get into/out of trouble 陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)‎ have trouble with sth./(in)doing sth.做某事有麻烦 put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.给某人添麻烦做某事 ‎①(教材原句)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.‎ 伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。‎ ‎②Again they got into_trouble.‎ 他们再次碰到了麻烦。‎ ‎③You can’t imagine the trouble/difficulty I had (in)persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.‎ 你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。‎ turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向 turn away 拒绝(某人)进入；走开；转过脸去 turn down 拒绝；调小 turn in 上交 turn off/on 关掉/打开 turn out 驱逐；把……赶走；证明是，结果是 turn up 露面，出现；开大 turn over 翻身，翻过(一页书)；移交 ‎①(教材原句)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?‎ 为什么曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？‎ ‎②(2015·湖北卷)Don’t worry.I’m sure your missing glasses will turn_up sooner or later.‎ 别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。‎ ‎③语境填词 The party was almost over，but Jane still didn’t turn_up (到场)．Tom was very disappointed.He didn’t know why Jane didn’t turn_down (拒绝) his invitation if she didn’t want to come.He turned_over (打翻) the bottles on the tables，and the rest guests left the hall in shock.Tom turned_off (关闭) all the lights in the hall，turning the hall into (变成) a world of darkness.No one could imagine how upset he was!‎ set up 设立；建立 ‎ set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出 set down 写下；记下 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 set out 出发；动身；开始；着手 set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样 set sth.apart(for sth.)留出；拨出(专用)‎ 开始做某事；着手做某事 ‎①The Voice of China has_set (set) up a stage where some people can achieve their dreams.‎ ‎《中国好声音》搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现梦想。‎ ‎②The play is_set (set) in a small Midwestern town.‎ 这出戏以中西部的一个小镇为背景。‎ ‎③I should set down what happened regularly day by day.‎ 我应按部就班地一天天接着写下去。‎ ‎...only_then_did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。‎ ‎①(2015·天津卷)Only when Lily walked (walk) into the office did (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ 只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。‎ ‎②(2015·湖南卷)Only after talking (talk) to two students did (do) I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ 在和两个学生交谈后我才意识到拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素．‎ ‎③Only then did (do) I realize the importance of health.‎ 直到那时我才认识到健康的重要性。‎ only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。‎ ‎④Only some people are (be) against the new“two－child policy”．‎ 只有部分人反对中国的新二孩政策。‎ I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。‎ 句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。‎ 名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：‎ ‎(1)＝as soon as 一……就……‎ ‎(2) ‎(3)有些副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，如：instantly，immediately，directly等，都相当于as soon as。‎ ‎①He started the instant/minute/moment he heard the report.‎ 他一听到报告就动身了。‎ ‎②He paid back the money he owed us immediately/instantly/directly he returned home.‎ 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。‎ ‎③Each time he came to our city，he would call on me.‎ 他每次来我们城市，总会来看我。‎ ‎④The_next time you come here，call me to meet you at the airport.‎ 下次再来时打电话，我去机场接你。‎