2020届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit1Art单元学案（43页） 43页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修六Unit1Art单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．sculpture n．　　　　　　　 雕塑 ‎2．gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊 ‎3．abstract adj.‎ n．[纵联1] 抽象的；深奥的摘要 ‎4．fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的 ‎5．conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 ‎6．aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的 ‎7．contemporary adj. 当代的；同时代的 ‎8．controversial adj. 争论的；争议的 ‎9．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎10．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的 ‎11．clay n. 黏土 ‎12．marble n. 大理石 ‎13．carve vt. 雕刻；刻记 ‎14．delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 ‎15.geometry n.[纵联2] 几何学 ‎16．fragile adj. 精细的；易碎的；脆弱的 ‎17．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 ‎18．avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街 ‎19.visual adj.[纵联3] 视觉的；看得见的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．scholar n. 学者 ‎2．allergic adj. 过敏性的；过敏的 ‎3．committee n. 委员会 ‎4．shadow n. 阴影；影子 ‎5．attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图 vt. 尝试；企图 ‎6．specific adj. 确切的；特定的 ‎7．figure n. 画像；身材；数字 ‎8．effectively adv. 有效地 ‎9．bunch n. 束；串 ‎10．appeal_ vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助 vt. 将……上诉 n. 呼吁；恳求 ‎11．reputation n. 名声；名誉 ‎12．district_ n. 区；区域；行政区 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．faith n．信任；信心；信念；承诺→faithful adj.忠实的；守信的 ‎→faithfully adv.忠实地；诚心诚意地[纵联4]‎ ‎2．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的→type n．类型；典型 v．打字→typist n．打字员→typically adv.一般；通常 ‎3．evident adj.明显的；明白的→evidence n．证据；证明；明显 ‎4．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用；通过 ‎5．possess vt.拥有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作复数)所有；财产 ‎6．technique n．技术；方法；技能→technical adj.技术的；工艺的 ‎7．coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合→coincident adj.同时发生的 ‎8．predict vt.预言；预告；预测→prediction n．预言；预测→predictor n．预言者 ‎9．aim n．目标；目的vi.&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.没有目标的；漫无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地 ‎10．exhibition n．展览；陈列；展览会→exhibit v．展览；展出；开展览会 ‎11．preference n．喜爱；偏爱→prefer v．更喜欢；偏爱 ‎12．civilization n．文明；文化；文明社会→civilize v．使文明；使开化；使教化→civilized adj.文明的；有礼貌的 ‎13．signature n．署名；签字→sign v．签署；签名 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.常见英语反义形容词面面观 ‎　①abstract抽象的concrete具体的　　　　　②positive积极的negative消极的 ‎③optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的 ④active主动的passive被动的 纵联2.“学科”集中营 ‎①geometry几何学　　　　　 ②architecture建筑学 ‎③agriculture农学 ④astronomy 天文学 ‎⑤biology 生物学 ⑥ecology生态学 ‎⑦geology 地质学 ⑧psychology 心理(学)‎ ‎⑨archaeology 考古学 ⑩botany 植物学 纵联3.含词根vis(看)的单词一览 ‎①visual adj.视觉的 ②visible adj.可见的 ‎③visibility n．能见度 ④visa n．签证 ‎⑤vision n．视野 ⑥television n．电视 ‎⑦revise vt.复习；修正 ⑧supervise vt.监督；管理 纵联4.这些“忠实的”朋友值得“相信”‎ ‎①faith n. 信任；信心；信念 faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的 faithfully adv. 忠实地 ‎②believe v. 相信 belief n. 信念；相信 believable adj. 可信的 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——艺术 子话题1　绘画 ‎①studio n．画室　　 　　　　 ②selfportrait n．自画像 ‎③sketch n．草图；素描 ④shade n．暗影 ‎⑤fascinate vt.迷住 ⑥impact n．冲击；影响 ‎⑦creative adj.有创造力的 ⑧vivid adj.生动的；逼真的 ‎⑨religious adj.宗教的 ⑩feature v. 以……为特色 子话题2　雕塑和建筑艺术 ‎①magnificent adj.壮观的 ②splendid adj.辉煌的 ‎③skyscraper n．摩天大楼 ④cement n．水泥 ‎⑤architect n．建筑师 ⑥architecture n．建筑学 ‎⑦cater vi.迎合；投合 ⑧raw material原材料 ‎⑨artificial stone人造石 ⑩true to life逼真的 ‎⑪on exhibition/display在展览 ⑫sense of beauty美感 ‎⑬be designed for ... 为……而设计 ‎⑭be shaped like 形状像……‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact ‎ that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters❶we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are　❷　 of American actors: humorous, aggressive❸， and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ ‎①写出character在本单元中的同义词：figure ‎ ‎②选词填空：__A__‎ A．typical　　　B．conventional　　　C．abstract ‎③写出aggressive在句中的含义：敢作敢为的 ‎2．(2014•江苏高考阅读C)Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific❶ expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary❷ culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another. ‎ ‎①写出加彩词在句中的含义：确切的；特定的 ‎②写出contemporary在句中的含义：当代的 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我确信它会对你有吸引力，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。(appeal)‎ I'm sure it will appeal　to　you,　for　you've　been　enthusiastic　about　sports.‎ ‎2．(2014•江西高考书面表达)另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地促进你的学习。(effectively)‎ Besides,_developing_a_good_habit_of_learning_can_help_you_improve_your_learning_effectively.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．faith n．信任；信心；信念；承诺 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)have/lose faith in　　　　　 对……有/失去信心 keep/break faith with 信守/违背对……的承诺 ‎(2)faithful adj. 忠实的；守信的 faithfully adv. 忠实地；诚心诚意地 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I have lost faith in that company, but I kept faith with the manager.‎ ‎②History is the best teacher. It faithfully (faith) records the development path of each country and foretells the future to us.‎ ‎③Besides, it is also very important that friends should be faithful (faith) to each other.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2014•广东高考写作)在我看来，她的慷慨不仅能帮助那些处于困境的人实现梦想、重拾生活信心，而且还能激励更多的人加入这样的善举。‎ As far as I am concerned, not only will her generosity help those in need realize_their_dreams_and_rebuild_faith_in_life,_but also it will motivate more people to participate in such a good deed.‎ ‎2．aim n．目标；目的；瞄准vi.&vt.瞄准；对准；旨在；(向某方向)努力 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的；实现某人的目标 take aim at　　　　　　 向……瞄准 without aim 漫无目的地　‎ with the aim of 以……为目标；意在/旨在……‎ ‎(2)aim at/for 针对；瞄准；目的在于 aim sth.at sb./sth. 用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物 aim to do sth. 意欲/企图/旨在做某事 aim at doing sth.be aimed at doing sth. 意欲/企图/旨在做某事 ‎(3)aimless adj. 漫无目的的；没有目标的 aimlessly adv. 漫无目的地；没有目标地 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•6月浙江高考)The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. ‎ ‎②These activities aim to　build (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.‎ ‎③I am here with the aim of doing as well as possible.‎ 单句改错 ‎④There was a time when he had nothing to do, wandering aimless in the street all the day. aimless→aimlessly ‎⑤Aimed at improve the students' ability of listening and speaking, this activity is very popular. improve→improving ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑥(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school and it is aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills.(非谓语动词短语作状语)‎ ‎→I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school aimed_at_developing_our_interests_and_improving_our_skills.‎ ‎3．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)adopt sb. as ...　　　　　　 收养/挑选某人为……‎ ‎(2)adoption n. 收养；采用；通过 ‎(3)adopted son/daughter 养子/养女；义子/义女 ‎[练通] 单句语法填空 ‎①The family have adopted a homeless child as their own.‎ ‎②Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.‎ ‎③Parents who have an adopted (adopt) child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is adopted.‎ ‎[用准]　adopt与adapt在拼写上只有一个字母之差，但在意义上却大相径庭。adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当做座右铭。‎ I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the motto to serve as a reminder.‎ ‎4．possess vt.(不用于进行时)拥有；具有；支配 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be possessed of　 　　　 具有(某品质、能力等)‎ ‎(2)possession n. (尤作复数)所有；财产 be in possession of 占有；拥有；持有 be in sb.'s possession＝be in the possession of sb.‎ ‎ 为某人所有；在某人的控制下 get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有；占有 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As the saying goes, “A true friend is the best possession (possess)．”‎ ‎②Although he doesn't possess much money, he is possessed (possess) of good health.‎ 一句多译 这个老人拥有一家大公司。‎ ‎③The old man is　in　possession　of a large company.‎ ‎④The old man gets/takes/gains/has　possession　of a large company.‎ ‎⑤A large company is　in　the　possession　of the old man.‎ ‎[用准]　in possession of 表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；in the possession of 表示被动，意为“为某人所有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥无论什么时候你控制不了情绪时，牢记一点：只有通过拥有良好的心态你才能获取成功。‎ Whenever your emotion is out of control, just keep in mind that only by　possessing　a　good　state　of　mind can you attain success. ‎ ‎5．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)attempt/try/intend to do sth.　 　 努力/企图做某事 ‎(2)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　 试图做某事 at the first/second ... attempt 第一/二……次尝试 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He attempted to_compete (compete) for the position of chairman of the Students' Union.‎ ‎②It is said that Australian scientists are making fresh attempts at explaining climate change.‎ ‎③Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.‎ 补全句子 ‎④If you fail at_the_first_attempt,_there is no need to care about that.‎ 如果你第一次尝试失败的话，也没必要担心。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018•北京高考书面表达)由于每个外国学生都试着自己泡茶，整个茶馆很快活跃起来。‎ Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_attempting_to_make_their_own_tea.‎ ‎6．predict vt.预言；预告；预测 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)predict sth./that ...　　　　 预言……；预测……‎ It's predicted that ... 据预测/预报……；人们预言/预测……‎ ‎(2)prediction n. 预言；预测；预报；预告 make a prediction for 对……做出预言/预测 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I believe that predicting (predict) earthquakes will be a piece of cake in front of us mankind in the future.‎ ‎②He was unwilling to make a prediction (predict) for the coming year.‎ 句型转换 ‎③People predict that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.‎ ‎→It_is_predicted_that the computer will replace books as the first source of information before long.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2015•广东高考写作)这个结果有助于预测重大疾病和你的饮食偏好。‎ The_result_will_help_to_predict_some_major_and_severe_diseases_and_your_preference_for_diet.‎ ‎7．figure n．画像；雕像；人物；身材；体形；数字；图表；插图v.估计；计算；认为 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中figure的含义 ‎①I figure that you know more about the MBA.认为 ‎②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；体形 ‎③The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.雕像 ‎④Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.图表；插图 ‎⑤It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in ‎ this country haven't got a job.数字 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)figure out　　　　　　 理解；想出；计算出；弄明白 ‎(2)keep one's figure 保持体形 ‎[练通]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2017•北京高考)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure_it_out.如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。‎ ‎⑦(2015•福建高考)I wonder how Mary has kept_her_figure after all these years. ‎ 我想知道玛丽这些年到底是如何保持体形的。‎ ‎[写美]　用figure短语替换下面句中加彩部分 ‎⑧(2018•北京高考书面表达)To help them better understand our teadrinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. figure_out ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．In deference to our host I decided not to challenge his controversial (争议的) remarks.‎ ‎2．The tall tree threw a long shadow (影子) on the ground.‎ ‎3．They are appealing (呼吁) to the public for donation for the earthquakehit areas.‎ ‎4．His skill in dealing with emergency has earned him a reputation (名声)．‎ ‎5．The Chinese civilization (文明) is one of the oldest in the world.‎ ‎6．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee (委员会) members are against it.‎ ‎7．Carrying two bunches (束) of roses, he walked happily into the room.‎ ‎8．Severe allergic (过敏的) reactions may accompany the use of the drug.‎ ‎9．Time is abstract (抽象的), which we can only imagine in our mind.‎ ‎10．Celebrities and public figures (人物) support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The activity aims to_get (get) kids to form a good habit of learning.‎ ‎2．You're always going off with my possessions (possess) and not giving them back.‎ ‎3．It is true that the dog is the most useful and faithful (faith) animal in the world.‎ ‎4．He was as proud as a peacock when he passed his driving test at the first attempt.‎ ‎5．The hurricane is predicted to_reach (reach) the coast tomorrow morning.‎ ‎6．Of the two paintings, Mr. Black chose the cheaper one out of ‎ preference (prefer), though it was not the work of a famous painter.‎ ‎7．An exhibition (exhibit) marking the 90th anniversary of the founding of our school is being put on in our school hall.‎ ‎8．She was so poor that she was forced to have her baby adopted (adopt)．‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Apart from a few faults, he is a faithfully friend. faithfully→faithful ‎2．It is typically of Bob to do a disappearing act just when there's work to be done！typically→typical ‎3．The ball was in possession of their opponents for most of the match.possession前加the ‎4．I've attempted convince her of his honesty, but in vain.attempted后加to ‎5．The software is specific to solve that problem. solve→solving ‎6．Being public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Being后加a ‎7．I'd choose the small car in preference for the larger one.for→to ‎8. The man unfolded the paper and glanced at it, but his thoughts were evident elsewhere. evident→evidently Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．比赛的目的是让更多的人知道我们所面临的糟糕的环境状况。(aim)‎ The_match's_aim_is_to let more people know the bad environmental conditions we are facing. ‎ ‎2．(2015•重庆高考写作)假如我年轻三岁，我会强烈建议自己制定更加实际、更加具体的目标。(specific)‎ Were I three years younger than I am now, I would strongly recommend that I set_more_practical_and_specific_goals. ‎ ‎3．(2015•广东高考)数年来，研究人员一直试图表明电视对孩子有危险。(attempt)‎ For years researchers have_attempted_to_show that television is dangerous to children. ‎ ‎4．据预测这种形势至少会持续一个月。(predict)‎ It_is_predicted_that_the situation will last at least a month. ‎ ‎5．专家建议这个男孩应该采取一种有效的方式来学习词汇。(adopt)‎ The expert advised the boy to adopt_an_effective_way of learning vocabulary.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1.by coincidence[串记1]　 　　　 巧合地 ‎2．a_great_deal 大量 ‎3．on_the_other_hand (可是)另一方面 ‎4．concentrate_on 集中精力于……‎ ‎5．break_away_from 逃脱；摆脱；脱离 ‎6.lead to[串记2] 导致；通向；通往 ‎7．in_the_flesh 活着的；本人 ‎8．appeal_to 对(某人)有吸引力；使(某人)感兴趣 ‎9．more_than 不只是；多于 ‎10．take_turns 依次；轮流；替换 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“by＋n.”短语全扫描 ‎①by coincidence巧合地　　　　 ②by accident偶然地 ‎③by chance偶然地 ④by design故意地 ‎⑤by mistake错误地 串记2.“v.＋to (介词)”短语荟萃 ‎①lead to导致；通向 ②add to增加；增添 ‎③object to反对 ④stick to坚持 ‎⑤refer to查阅 ⑥apply to适用于 ‎ ‎ ‎1．be influenced by ...　　　　　 受……的影响 ‎2．look richer_and_deeper 看上去更丰富、更深沉 ‎3．in the shade of 在……的树荫下 ‎4．the reputation_of ……的名声 ‎5．5,000 years of_civilization 5 000年的文明史 ‎6．every two years 每两年 ‎7．be well worth a visit 很值得一看 ‎8．the best way to_do ... 做……最好的方式 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Among_the_painters_who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.‎ 在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有印象派画家，他们在巴黎生活和工作。‎ ‎2．This_is_because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.‎ 这是因为印象派鼓励画家用崭新的方式去看待他们的环境。‎ ‎3．Many art lovers would_rather_visit this small art gallery than_any_other_in New York. ‎ 在纽约，比起其他任何艺术馆，许多艺术爱好者更乐意参观这家小型艺术陈列馆。‎ ‎4．Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving his house, furniture and art collection to the American people.‎ 亨利•克莱•弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品留给了美国人民。‎ ‎5．When you walk into the gallery, you feel as_if_you_were inside a fragile, white seashell. ‎ 当你走进画廊的时候，你觉得好像在一个精细洁白的贝壳里面。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语 选词填空(concentrate on, lead to, on the other hand)‎ ‎1．(2012•全国卷完形填空)Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with strangers. People from Latin American countries, on_the_other_hand,_touch each other quite a lot.‎ ‎2．(2013•辽宁高考完形填空)As she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path leading_to the house and then on the house itself.‎ 用本单元短语升级句中加彩的词汇 ‎3．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence._concentrated_on ‎4．(2018•6月浙江高考阅读A)Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a halfdozen of them.It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life._appealed_to 高考采撷(二)　写作中的句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2015•上海高考写作)在那幅图画中，三个学生坐在桌子周围，桌上有三本书。(全部倒装)‎ In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit_three_students. ‎ ‎2．(2017•6月浙江高考写作)我的确希望你能够加入到我们之中，这是因为Green Hill是这样一个放松的好地方。(this is because ...)‎ I do hope that you could join us; this is because Green Hill　is　such　a　fun　place　to　relax. ‎ ‎3．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)首先，一座新的体育馆已被建造，成为我们学校的新地标(landmark)。(动词ing短语作结果状语)‎ To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, becoming_the_new_landmark in our school.‎ ‎4．(2012•福建高考书面表达)船上的一对年轻夫妇正吃着东西，高声地谈笑着，好像他们是这个世界上唯一的人。(as if)‎ A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. ‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．on the other hand (可是)另一方面 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...　一方面……；另一方面(却)……‎ ‎(2)for one thing ...; for another ... 首先；其次；一则……；二则……‎ ‎(3)by hand 手工 at hand 在手边；在近处 give sb. a hand 帮某人一把 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Having the right equipment at hand will be very helpful. ‎ ‎②It is an act of kindness to give someone a hand.‎ ‎③Until the 1980s almost all olives were packed into jars by hand.‎ ‎④I'm not going to buy it: for one thing I don't like the style, and for another it's far too expensive.‎ ‎⑤I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to finish my homework.‎ ‎[用准]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以单独使用。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2014•四川高考书面表达)一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。‎ On_the_one_hand,_I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.‎ ‎2．appeal to (对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣；(向某人)呼吁 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)appeal to sb. for sth.　 　 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事 ‎(2)make an appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求/呼吁某人做某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We should appeal to people to_save (save) things that the nature offers ‎ to us as well.‎ ‎②We made an appeal to the villagers for money to build the bridge.‎ 一句多译 作者向我们呼吁要对动物更加友好。‎ ‎③The author appeals_to_us_to_be_more_kind_to animals.(appeal v．)‎ ‎④The author makes_an_appeal_to_us_to_be_more_kind_to_animals.(appeal n．)‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤另外，向媒体发出呼吁是另外一种有效的方法。‎ What's_more,_it_is_another_effective_way_to_appeal_to_the_news_media.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎“介词短语＋系动词＋主语”的倒装句式 ‎[教材原句]　Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)In came_a_girl,_wearing a white skirt.‎ 一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。‎ ‎(2)Into the dark apartment walked_my friend, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.‎ 我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。‎ ‎(3)Present at the meeting were_some_scientists from China.‎ 一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。‎ ‎(4)Such_is_our_lively_city,_which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience. 这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)out, in, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。‎ ‎(4)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。‎ 注意事项 在(1)、(2)两种情况中，若主语是代词，则不用倒装。如：Out he rushed on hearing the noise. 他一听到响声就跑了出去。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Present at the evening party was our beloved English teacher.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018•北京高考书面表达)Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. (要点句)‎ ‎(3)Such is our experience, indeed an invaluable piece of experience.(总结句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 by coincidence， concentrate on， lead to， break away from， in the flesh， appeal to， more than， on the other hand ‎ ‎1.On_the_other_hand,_shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not badly needed.‎ ‎2．Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads_to climate change.‎ ‎3．By_coincidence,_my classmate and I were born on the same day and in the same year.‎ ‎4．I find it hard to concentrate_on my studies with some people having small talks around me.‎ ‎5．Facing up to your problems rather than breaking_away_from them is the best approach to working things out.‎ ‎6．The government appealed_to the public to remain calm in case of emergency.‎ ‎7．You look much younger in_the_flesh than in the photographs.‎ ‎8．More_than twenty people were injured in the accident, most of whom were rushed to the hospital nearby.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句式升级 ‎1．看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(as if)‎ It looks as_if_it_were_spring already.‎ ‎2．这是因为植物可以从空气、水和阳光中制造食物。(because 引导的表语从句)‎ This_is_because_plants_can_make_food from air, water and sunlight.‎ ‎3．Some students spend too much time on QQ and WeChat, which makes their teachers and parents worried. ‎ ‎→Some students spend too much time on QQ and WeChat, making their teachers and parents worried.(现在分词短语作结果状语)‎ ‎4．A foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China, live next door to ours.‎ ‎→Next_door_to_ours_live_a_foreign_couple,_who seem to have settled into life in China.(完全倒装)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假设你是李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校。他熟悉中国文化，特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。请你根据以下提示，用英语给Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他一起观看演出。‎ ‎1．提出邀请并简述原因；‎ ‎2．提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆等)；‎ ‎3．请求对方回复。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：越剧Shaoxing Opera ‎《梁山伯与祝英台》 Butterfly Lovers 天津大剧院Tianjin Grand Theater 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的邀请信，时态为一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一和第二人称。文章应分三个层次：开头应提出邀请(演出的时间、地点；发出邀请)并简述原因；中间部分为观剧后活动建议，应依据题目所给提示进行构思，如参观戏剧博物馆等；结尾应表达希望(希望对方回复)。‎ 要点1－①：8月5日下午2：00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演著名的越剧《梁山伯与祝英台》。‎ A_famous_Shaoxing_Opera,_Butterfly_Lovers,_will_be_put_on_in_newlybuilt_Tianjin_Grand_Theater_at_2：00_pm_on_August_the_fifth.‎ 要点1－②：我想邀请你一起去观看。‎ I_would_like_to_invite_you_to_watch_it_together.‎ 要点1－③：你熟悉中国文化，特别是当地的戏曲文化。‎ You_are_familiar_with_Chinese_culture,_especially_the_local_operas. ‎ 要点2：看完戏剧后我们将参观传统戏剧博物馆。‎ We_will_pay_a_visit_to_the_Museum_of_the_Traditional_Opera_after_the_opera.‎ 要点3：期盼你的回复。‎ Look_forward_to_your_reply.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容充实，行文连贯，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展，如对要点1－③添加这个活动的意义(让你高兴；满足你对中国戏剧的兴趣)；要点2增加状语“在剧院附近”和定语从句“在那里增长中国传统戏剧知识”；在要点3中增加介词短语“在你最方便时”来表达殷切盼望对方回复。‎ 拓展要点1－③：你熟悉中国文化，特别是当地的戏曲文化。这个机会将不仅让你高兴，而且满足你对中国戏剧的兴趣。(not only ...but also ..., satisfy)‎ You_are_familiar_with_Chinese_culture,_especially_the_local_operas.This_opportunity_will_not_only_make_you_happy,_but_also_satisfy_your_interest_in_Chinese_operas.‎ 拓展要点2：看完戏剧后我们将在剧院附近参观传统戏剧博物馆。在那里你可以了解很多中国戏剧的历史以增长你的关于中国传统戏剧的知识。(where引导定语从句)‎ We_will_pay_a_visit_to_the_Museum_of_the_Traditional_Opera_near_the_theater_after_the_opera,_where_you_can_know_the_history_of_many_Chinese_operas_to_increase_your_knowledge_about_traditional_Chinese_operas.‎ 拓展要点3：期盼在你最方便的时候给予回复。(convenience)‎ Look_forward_to_your_reply_at_your_earliest_convenience.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用三段式作文。在第一段开头可使用I have good news to tell you.引出正文，用I know that引出邀请的原因；用I hope 介绍观看Butterfly Lovers的益处；在第二段中用If you can come， I suggest介绍观剧后的活动建议。最后一段表达期望。‎ Dear_Chris，‎ I_have_good_news_to_tell_you.A_famous_Shaoxing_Opera,_Butterfly_Lovers,_will_be_put_on_in_newlybuilt_Tianjin_Grand_Theater_at_2：00_pm_on_August_the_fifth.I_would_like_to_invite_you_to_watch_it_together._I_know_that_you_are_familar_with_Chinese_culture,_especially_the_local_operas.I_hope_this_opportunity_will_not_only_make_you_happy,_but_also_satisfy_your_interest_in_Chinese_operas.‎ If_you_can_come,_I_suggest_we_should_pay_a_visit_to_the_Museum_of_the_Traditional_Opera_near_the_theater_after_the_opera,_where_you_can_know_the_history_of_many_Chinese_operas_to_increase_your_knowledge_about_traditional_Chinese_operas.‎ Look_forward_to_your_reply_at_your_earliest_convenience.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Jin ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(三)　递进 句子间的递进关系是指在阐述中心论点时，各层次之间是环环相扣、逐层深入的关系，前一部分论述是后一部分论述的基础，最后推导出文章的结论。递进标志词有：besides, furthermore, in addition to ..., even, more than that等。利用递进关系可推出文段大意并准确解题。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2017•全国卷Ⅱ•阅读七选五 When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. __38__. It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.‎ A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not ‎[分析]　空前一句说“当有人试图打扰你时，提出新的沟通时间，让他们在预约时间过来或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮助你消除未来受到打扰的可能”；空格前后构成递进关系。选E。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•江苏卷•B篇 It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens (鹪鹩) also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中In addition为递进关系的标志词；其前说明了一种研究成果；其后说明了另外一种研究方式。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2015•浙江卷•阅读理解第二节 ‎61．________ No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions.Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you're going to ask will set the record for stupidity.‎ A．Come in with something to say.‎ B．Prepare general comments.‎ C．Bring materials with you.‎ D．Don't make them wait.‎ E．Have no fear.‎ F．Go it alone.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中besides为递进关系的标志词；其前叙述了教授喜欢见到你，也喜欢回答你的问题；其后叙述了教授见到过许多比你笨的学生；这种层层递进的叙述方式是在支撑该段的主题：“不要害怕”(Have no fear.)，即61题。故选E。‎ ‎[高考典例4]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•完形填空 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three ‎ credits. I 41(jumped_at) the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to 42(save) a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't 43(excited) enough about free credits, news about our 44(instructor) was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45(meant) I would be learning from one of the game's 46(best). I could hardly wait to 47(meet) him.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中More than that为递进关系的标志词，表明作者学习这门功课的心情在逐步增强。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•南昌市一模)Alongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it's a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote, “The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”‎ Nowadays, for most people in the world's wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.‎ Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you'll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.‎ And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a ‎ “foodie”. It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.‎ But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.‎ Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.‎ This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks — European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can't afford to pay for it themselves.‎ So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起！‎ ‎1．According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?‎ A．Air.　　　　　　　　　B．Water.‎ C．Food. D．Human beings.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的“The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系；据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4probably mean?‎ A．Delicious food. B．A person fond of food.‎ C．A social media app. D．A photo of delicious meals.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句“It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.”可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片；结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a ‘foodie’”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Who can get help from food banks?‎ A．Poor people in the UK.‎ B．Poor people in Africa.‎ C．Starving children in Kenya.‎ D．People in the droughtstricken.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句“But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks ...who can't afford to pay for it themselves.”可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行；该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．Treat Food as a Hobby B．Time to Appreciate Food C．Food Shortage in Some Countries D．How to Spend World Food Day 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此推断，B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 On Monday, April 20, we experienced heavy rain and fierce winds. During a break in the weather on Tuesday morning, I __1__ decided to drive into town to buy some food.‎ I left the supermarket around 10 am. __2__， as I drove the six kilometers back to my home, the weather took a __3__ for the worse. It was raining very __4__ and I was forced to take a __5__ I don't usually travel. Nearing my town, I watched as the water level on the road __6__ in front of me. I had nowhere to go.‎ The driver of a fourwheel drive signaled from his car to tell me not to try and cross the __7__ road. Then I noticed a man in his early 30s in his front yard __8__ the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and __9__ in his driveway away from the rushing water.‎ The man called Trent then invited me to wait __10__ the rain inside his house. I told him I was concerned about the __11__ to my father's car, which I was driving, __12__ the continuing rain started to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then took a cover from his garage and __13__ my car to protect it from the hail. __14__， his efforts saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail.‎ While waiting for the __15__ to improve, I learned that Trent had __16__ his job ten months ago and was trying his hand as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet.‎ By 12：30 pm the rain __17__ so I asked Trent if he thought it would be safe enough to __18__ the road — he told me it was. As I left, I insisted on __19__ two of his business cards, and my father has since called Trent to offer him __20__ as a handyman at our place doing various small jobs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。‎ ‎1．A.actually　　　　　　 　　 B．carefully C．stupidly D．mentally 解析：选C　由下文提到的作者遭遇的恶劣天气可知，作者贸然开车出去买食物的决定是“愚蠢地(stupidly)”。‎ ‎2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 解析：选D　由下文“我”因大雨无法继续前行回家可知，“我离开超市时没有下雨”和“开了一段之后天气突然‘变得糟糕(took a turn for the worse)’”之间是转折关系，故用However。‎ ‎3．A.way B．turn C．manner D．pattern 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.lightly B．normally C．heavily D．regularly 解析：选C　因雨下得“太大(heavily)”，“我”被迫改“道(road)”驱车回家。‎ ‎5．A.town B．road C．risk D．market 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.rose B．arrived C．fell D．disappeared 解析：选A　由下文的“I had nowhere to go.”和“the rushing water”可知，由于雨势太大，“我”前面的路面积水“升高(rose)”。‎ ‎7．A.busy B．wide C．quiet D．dangerous 解析：选D　由上文可推知，路面积水升高使得道路“危险(dangerous)”，因此一位司机示意告诉“我”不要试图穿过道路。‎ ‎8．A.sticking with B．dealing with C．messing up D．sizing up 解析：选D　由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来势汹汹的大雨可知，这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院“检查(sizing up)”路面情况。‎ ‎9．A.call B．park C．wash D．stay 解析：选B　由下文的“wait __10__ the rain his house”可知，Trent让“我”把车“停到(park)”他家。‎ ‎10．A.on B．for C．out D．behind 解析：选C　Trent是“我”回家路上遇到的一位好心的陌生人，他邀请“我”去他家“等待雨停(wait out the rain)”。‎ ‎11．A.approach B．reaction C．damage D．attention 解析：选C　由下文的“saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail”可知，“我”担心父亲的车因冰雹而“受损(damage)”。‎ ‎12．A.as B．if C．so D．but 解析：选A　“我担心父亲的车受损”和“一直下的雨开始变成冰雹”之间是因果关系，故用as。‎ ‎13．A.hid B．cleaned C．measured D．covered 解析：选D　Trent从车库拿出一个外罩是为了“遮住(covered)”“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。‎ ‎14．A.Suddenly B．Secretly C．Interestingly D．Fortunately 解析：选D　由“his efforts saved Dad's car”可知，“庆幸的是(Fortunately)”，Trent的举措挽救了父亲的车，使其避免被冰雹砸坏。‎ ‎15．A.job B．water C．weather D．business 解析：选C　“我”到Trent家是为了等“天气(weather)”好转。‎ ‎16．A.got B．lost C．kept D．finished 解析：选B　由下文的“as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet”可知，通过做零活勉强糊口的Trent“失去(lost)”工作已经十个月了。‎ ‎17．A.came B．poured C．stopped D．continued 解析：选C　由下文“it would be safe enough”和“As I left”可知，12：30的时候雨“停(stopped)”了，于是“我”问Trent是否足够安全可以“上路(hit the road)”。‎ ‎18．A.repair B．hit C．follow D．build 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.taking B．accepting C．signing D．borrowing 解析：选A　“我”与Trent认识之前他就在做零工，因此“我”离开时坚持要“拿走(taking)”两张他的名片。‎ ‎20．A.chance B．work C．service D．transport 解析：选B　由“at our place doing various small jobs”可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提供做零活的“工作(work)”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•深圳市调研)Visiting Xi'an was once my dream.It became a reality when I was admitted to a training course in China along with two other __1__ (lady)．Finally, the day arrived __2__ I landed at Xianyang International Airport in early August.As soon as I landed, I __3__ (feel) a change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in ‎ queues __4__ (wait) for their turn at the immigration desk.Afterwards, we were transported to the office in the International Exhibition Center.China had invited participants __5__ twentythree developing countries to share digital television broadcasting techniques with them.‎ In my 20 days in Xi'an, I got the opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely, __6__ thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.Now, Xi'an is like my second home.Since I came back to Pakistan, I have been missing Xi'an __7__ (bad)．‎ My 20day stay in Xi'an was __8__ great experience.It was a learning opportunity, and also a chance to __9__ (broad) my understanding of diversity.I learned that despite differences of colors, heights, races and religions, all human beings __10__ (tie) by the bond of humanity, and that the future of nations is global with development and peace.‎ 语篇解读：作者通过去西安参加一个培训课程的经历，增强了对中国文化的了解，并感叹文化是不分国界和种族的。‎ ‎1．ladies　考查名词复数。数词two后应接可数名词的复数形式，故填ladies。‎ ‎2．when　考查状语从句。句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天终于到来了。设空处引导时间状语从句，故填when。‎ ‎3．felt　考查动词时态。根据从句时态提示词“landed”‎ 并结合语境可知，主句也应用一般过去时，故填felt。‎ ‎4．waiting　考查非谓语动词。此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，wait与people之间为主动关系，且wait表示的动作正在进行，要用现在分词作宾补，故填waiting。‎ ‎5．from　考查介词。设空处表示“来自……”，故填介词from。‎ ‎6．and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，且空格前后是两个并列分句，且是递进关系，故填and。‎ ‎7．badly　考查副词。修饰谓语动词have been missing应用副词，故填badly。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定冠词表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎9．broaden　考查动词。不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填broaden，意为“增长；扩大”。‎ ‎10．are tied　考查动词时态和语态。主语human beings是复数，与谓语动词tie之间为被动关系，且叙述的是一般事实，故填are tied。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Peter，‎ I am so pleasing to hear from you and am writing to introduce our school to you. When you enter the school gate, you can see a wonderful fountain in front you.On your left is the teaching building, a tallest building in our school. The specially designed art center is on your right, that is very beautiful. Walking on further, and you'll find our lab building. Besides it, ‎ there lies the sports ground, where we held every sports meeting.Surrounding with trees, our school provides a comfortable learning environment.‎ Welcome to our school. I believe you will have a nice time here because of our various school activity. The teachers and students here are nicely and friendly. Waiting for your coming.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：pleasing→pleased 第二句：front后加of 第三句：a→the 第四句：that→which 第五句：去掉and或Walking→Walk 第六句：Besides→Beside; held→hold 第七句：Surrounding→Surrounded 第九句：activity→activities 第十句：nicely→nice