高考英语二轮复习与策略专题限时集训20主旨大意题 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题限时集训(二十) 主旨大意题 A (2016·南京三模) An electric car is powered by all electric motor instead of a gasoline engine.The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the amount of power, and this is based on the driver's use of an accelerator pedal.The electric car(also known as electric vehicle or EV) uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries，which are recharged by common household electricity. Unlike a hybrid car，which is fueled by gasoline and uses a battery and motor to improve efficiency，an electric car is powered exclusively by electricity. Historically, EVs have not been widely adopted because of limited driving range before needing to be recharged，long recharging time，and a lack of commitment by automakers to produce and market electric cars that have all the comforts of gas －powered cars. That's changing.As battery technology improves by simultaneously increasing energy storage and reducing cost，major automakers are expected to introduce a new generation of electric cars. Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions，reduce our dependency on oil， and are cheaper to operate.Of course，the process of producing the electricity moves the emissions further upstream to the utility company's smokestack，but even dirty electricity used in electric cars usually reduce our collective carbon footprint. Another factor is convenience. In one trip to the gas station，you can pump 330 kilowatt－hours of energy into a 10－gallon tank. It would take about 9 days to get the same amount of energy from household electric current.Fortunately，it takes hours and not days to recharge an electric car，because the process is much more efficient. Just as the major car companies were reducing their electric car programs in 2004 and 2005，the perfect storm was brewing on the horizon: a combination of growing acceptance of global warming，oil price increases and runaway sales of the Toyota Prius，a hybrid car which uses gas and electricity.The major auto companies went right back to the drawing board and emerged with big plans for electric cars.As global oil supplies are used up and oil becomes more and more expensive，electric cars are the logical and ecological alternative for the future. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 本文主要介绍了电动汽车的概念和工作原理、电动汽车的发展历史以及与传统燃油动力 汽车比较的优势和劣势，最后还讲了电动汽车的发展前景。 1．Which of the following was a reason why electric cars were not popular? A．Electric cars were not comfortable. B．Electric cars were much more expensive. C．Automakers failed to market electric cars. D．Recharging electric cars took a long time. D [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，电动汽车重新充电需要很长时间是其未能流 行的原因。故选项 D 符合题意。] 2．The main purpose of the text is to ________． A．show readers how hybrid cars work B．persuade readers to buy electric cars C．give readers information about electric cars D．prove that electric cars are superior to gasoline cars C [主旨大意题。综览全文可知，文章首先介绍了电动汽车的概念和工作原理，然后讲 了电动汽车的发展历史以及与传统燃油动力汽车比较的优势和劣势，最后指出了电动汽车的 发展前景。由此可知，本文的主要目的是给读者提供一些关于电动汽车的信息。故选项 C 符合题意。] 3．What's the writer's attitude towards the future of electric cars? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Objective. D．Doubtful. B [推理判断题。根据最后一段末句可知，作者对电动汽车的未来持积极的态度。故选 项 B 符合题意。] B (2016·广州模拟) The United States of America was founded in 1776 after the 13 independent American states rose up against the ruling British，defeated them in the American Revolutionary War，and signed The Declaration of Independence，the document which declared the creation of the new country. The men who led the revolution，drafted The Declaration of Independence，and wrote the first American laws are known as“founding fathers”．Benjamin Franklin， whose picture is on the US 100－dollar note，was appointed to prepare The Declaration that was eventually signed by the other founding fathers. Franklin was born in 1706 in Boston to a soap maker named Josiah Franklin.His 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 father could not afford full schooling for all his children，but Benjamin loved books and worked in his elder brother's printing business before starting a newspaper called The Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729.He wrote and drew cartoons for the newspaper.In addition ， he worked to improve living conditions in the city ： introducing street lights，cleaning the roads and building libraries.In the 1740s， Franklin retired from his newspaper and turned to science with great success.He was a very smart man and his work on electricity，including the“kite experiment”which confirmed the nature of lightning，made him famous throughout the world. Franklin earned the title of the“First American”for his efforts to unite the 13 American states，and to win their independence.This part of the story starts in London.He was sent to the city to persuade the British to treat the American states more fairly.It was here that he began interacting with important political thinkers and activists of the time and developing his own political ideas. Following his return to America in 1761 he became much more active in American politics and in the battle against British rule. After the United States of America was established，Franklin held several important positions such as the first United States Postmaster General，Ambassador to France and President of Pennsylvania.He is also famous today for his wise sayings，including “a penny saved is a penny earned”and “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”． 本文是一篇人物传记。主要讲述了美国开国元勋之一本杰明·富兰克林一生中的重大事 件，尤其是他对美国社会政治发展方面所做出的杰出贡献以及在其他领域取得的成绩。 4．What is the article mainly about? A. The American Declaration of Independence. B．Franklin's contributions to American society. C．The American War of Independence. D．Benjamin Franklin's early life. B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国开国元勋 Benjamin Franklin 对美国社会发展所做出的巨大贡献。故 B 项正确。] 5．How did Franklin begin developing his own political thinking? A. By discussing ideas with political activists in Britain. B．By persuading the 13 American states to unite. C．By fighting against British rule in America. D．By writing articles for his own newspaper. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A [细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Franklin 被派往伦敦以劝服英国人更公平地对待 美国；结合关键句“It was here that he began interacting with important political thinkers and activists of the time and developing his own political ideas.”可知， Franklin 通过在伦敦和政治积极分子交流形成了自己的政治理念。故 A 项正确。] 6．What can be inferred about Franklin from the article? A. His most important contribution was in science. B．He was the leader of the “founding fathers”． C．He was successful in many different areas. D．He came from a very wealthy family. C [推理判断题。根据全文可知，Franklin 最大的贡献体现在政治方面，排除 A 项； 根据第二段可知，他起草了《独立宣言》，是开国元勋之一，排除 B 项；根据第三段第二句 “His father could not afford full schooling for all his children...”可知， Franklin 的家庭并不富裕，排除 D 项；根据第三、四段可知，他在文化、科学、政治等诸 多领域都取得了成功。故 C 项正确。] 7．What is the correct order for the following events from Franklin's life? a. He started a newspaper business. b．He carried out the kite experience on electricity. c．He worked for his brother in a printing company. d．He was appointed the Ambassador to France. e．He helped write The Declaration of Independence. f．He visited England to discuss independence. A．e，c，a，b，f，d B．c，a，b，f，e，d C．a，c，f，b，d，e D．f，d，a，b，c，e B [事件排序题。根据第三段可知，他最先在哥哥的印刷厂工作，然后于 1729 年创建 了一份报纸；接下来在 18 世纪 40 年代(1740s)成功完成风筝实验；而后在美国独立之前他 被派去英国谈判；之后帮助起草《独立宣言》；在美国成立之后成为驻法国大使，所以正确 顺序应为 c，a，b，f，e，d。故 B 项正确。] 【导学号：57732060】 C (2016·山西临汾模拟) The Verizon Innovative App Challenge gives kids a chance to create apps (计 算机应用程序) that can solve problems in their community. Do you want to make a difference in your community? The Verizon Innovative App Challenge can get you started.The first step is to think of a problem in your 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 community.The next step is to create an app that can solve the problem. Groups of five to seven students in middle school or high school，led by a teacher， can enter the contest.First，teams compete on a local level.Teams that make it to the next round receive $5，000 for their schools.Finalists present their app ideas to judges in a live webinar (网络研讨会)． Next ， the judges pick national winners.The top eight teams receive an additional $15，000 for their schools，and each team member receives a Samsung tablet.Plus，the winning teams get the chance to bring their app to life. A group of six girls from Los Fresnos，Texas，won the second annual Verizon Innovative App Challenge.They came up with the Hello Navi app concept，short for “hello navigation”．The app was designed to help visually－impaired students navigate their school by using an internal compass and voice－over technology.Read more about the team in September 19，2016 issue of TIME For Kids: Edition 3－4. Do you have an app idea that could help solve a local issue? The deadline to register is November 24，2016.Find more information and register your team at www.verizonfoundation.org/appchallenge. Here are some tips from the Verizon Foundation to get you started： ·Get your team together for a brainstorming meeting.Write out all the ideas that come to mind. ·Don't ignore challenges.Think of the problems that exist in your community. · Ask family，friends，and people in your community to share their thoughts about problems that they want to see solved. Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛旨在鼓励学生学以致用，研发计算机应用程 序来解决社区存在的问题。 8．The Verizon Innovative App Challenge was launched to________． A. let students create apps to solve problems B．call on students to put their ideas into practice C．inspire students to focus on social problems D．encourage students to cooperate with teachers A [细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Verizon Innovative App Challenge 的目的是让 学生研发计算机应用程序，以解决所在社区存在的问题。] 9 ． In which order should one follow to enter the Verizon Innovative App Challenge? ①You think of a problem in your community. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 ②Your team compete against others in your city. ③You invent an app with your partners and teachers. ④Winning teams can compete to become national winners. A．①②③④ B．①③②④ C．①④②③ D．④①③② B [事件排序题。根据第二、三、四段的内容可知，参加这个比赛的第一步是发现所在 社区存在的问题；第二步是和同学及老师一起发明一个能解决这个问题的应用程序；第三步 是在当地竞赛；第四步是初赛的获胜者进入决赛争夺全国的冠军。故顺序为①③②④。] 10．What does the 5th paragraph mainly talk about? A. The winning team and their app of the second Verizon Innovative App Challenge. B．An app designed to help the disabled to work on the computer. C．An app concept that navigates blind students to explore nature. D．Six girls from Los Fresnos，Texas who signed up for the contest. A [段落大意题。第五段介绍了第二届 Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛的获 奖者和她们的获胜作品。] 11．What's the purpose of the passage? A. To tell readers how to solve a local issue. B．To invite kids to join in the Verizon Innovative App Challenge. C．To offer readers information about a talent show. D．To appeal to adults to make contributions to society. B [写作目的题。本文介绍了 Verizon Innovative App Challenge 大赛的目的、如何 报名参加、比赛的主要流程等内容。因此这篇文章的目的是邀请青少年参加这个比赛。]