广东省惠州市2020届高三上学期第三次调研考试英语试题 Word版含解析 27页

- 1 - 惠州市 2020 届高三第三次调研考试试题 英语试题 试卷共 8 页，卷面满分 120 分，折算成 135 分计入总分。考试用时 120 分钟。 注意事项： 1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂 黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。 3.非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和 答题卡的非答题区域均无效。 4.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。 第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Different countries have different tipping customs. When you travel, you need to know how to tip in the country that you’re in; otherwise you’ll leave servers angry everywhere you go.Here are just a few guidelines to tipping around the world. Brazil There will always be a standard 10% service charge added to your bill, and you won’t necessarily have to tip. If you do feel like being generous, an extra 5-10% will really make your server very happy. Just remember to do this as skillfully as possible—Brazilians don’t make a big show of this. Dubai In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams（迪拉姆,货币单位）to this if you feel like it. Waiters are not paid very much in Dubai, so it is always very appreciated. Germany German bars and restaurants will include the tip as part of what you owe, but that’s not all you have to pay. It is a custom to round the bill up after that, usually to the euro. This can be anywhere from 5-10%. When it’s time to settle up, you won’t - 2 - get a bill: your waiter tells you the total and then you tell them how much you want to pay, including your “tip”, and hand over the money. Czech Republic While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook.Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service—as long as you’re in a high tourist traffic area, like Prague for instance. The standard tip is 10%. India If you like the service, go ahead and tip your server 5-10%. You have to adjust that amount though, based on how big the meal you’re eating is. If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%. 1. In which country do customers have to tip at least 10% for the service? A. Dubai B. India C. Germany D. Czech Republic 2. Which country has different tip cultures between citizens and foreigners? A. Dubai B. Germany C. India D. Czech Republic 3. If your bill is 2000 rupees in India, it is proper for you to tip________ rupees. A. 10 B. 80 C. 120 D. 200 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【解析】 分析】 这是一篇说明文，作者介绍了巴西、迪拜、德国、捷克和印度的餐饮小费文化。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中 Dubai（迪拜）部分的介绍“In Dubai it’s a rule for restaurants to charge 10% tip on all restaurant and bar bills. You can add a couple of dirhams to this if you feel like it.”可知在迪拜，餐馆都会直接基于账单收取 10%的小费，这已 经成为一项规则，在此基础上可以自愿多给。另结合全文，其他国家都没有这种强制性的规 【 - 3 - 矩，故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句“While locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips, that doesn’t mean you’re off the hook. Foreign tourists are definitely expected to leave some kind of tip for service”可知捷克共和国的公民不给小费，但是外 国人一定要给小费，在这个国家对于公民和外国游客的小费文化是不同的，故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。结合最后一段的总体介绍，一顿饭是否为“大餐”决定了小费比例，并根据“If the bill is for a small meal, and totals less than 300 rupees, tip the full 10%. If the bill is higher, tip towards the 5%.”推知如果消费账单超过 300 卢布，小费从 10%逐步 下降，最低至 5%，2000 卢布的账单小费应该小于 10%（200 卢布）大于 5%（100 卢布），只 有 C 项的 120 落在这个区间范围内，故选 C。 【点睛】完成阅读理解中的“细节理解”题型，应注意对干扰项的辄别和排除，例如本篇中 的第 1 小题，如果没有仔细阅读文本，可能会因 A 项 Dubai（迪拜）和 D 项 Czech Republic（ 捷克）的对应段落中都含有“强制性小费标准为 10%”的表述而错选，但仔细阅读文章后发现 ，locals in the Czech Republic don’t leave tips（捷克当地人是无须给小费的），强制性 的小费只对游客有效，它和迪拜全体给小费的情况很不同，因而要及时排除干扰项 D。 B My nephew came for a visit one hot, July weekend. I persuaded him to stay inside by joining him in a Nintendo game. After being mercilessly defeated by a more experienced player, I suggested that we relax for a while. He slipped out of the room and I caught a few moments of peace and quiet. “Look, Alice,” he said enthusiastically as he ran over to the chair where I was recovering. “I found a kite. Could we go outside and fly it?” Glancing out of a nearby window, I noticed there was not a breeze (微风). “I'm sorry, Tripper,” I said, sad to see his disappointed eyes, but thankful for the short period of rest from more activities. “The wind is not blowing today. The kite won’t fly.” The determined 10-year-old replied. “I think it’s windy enough. I can get it to fly,” he answered, as he hurried out through the back door. I peeked through the - 4 - curtains to watch determination in action. Up and down the yard he ran, pulling the kite attached to a small length of string. The plastic kite, proudly displaying a picture of Batman, remained about shoulder level. He ran back and forth, as hard as his ten-year-old legs would carry him, looking back hopefully at the kite trailing behind. After about ten minutes of unsuccessful determination, he came back in. I asked, “How did it go?” “Fine,” he said, “I got it to fly some.” As he walked past me to return the kite to the closet shelf, I heard him say under his breath, “I guess I'll have to wait for the wind.” At that moment I heard another voice speak to my heart. “Alice, sometimes you are just like that. You want to do it your way instead of waiting for the wind.” And the voice was right. We usually want to use our own efforts to accomplish what we want to do. We wait for the wind only after we have done all we can and have exhausted our own strength. We must learn how to rely on Him in the first place! 4. The writer didn’t fly the kite with his nephew because she _____________. A. was not so experienced in flying kites B. wanted to get relaxed C. preferred to stay in peace and quiet D. thought the weather was not suitable 5. Which word can best describe Tripper? A. naughty B. insistent C. sensitive D. clever 6. What can we infer from Paragraph 5? A. Tripper became hopeless. B. Tripper was easy to give up. C. Tripper didn’t want to admit defeat. D. Tripper was disappointed with the kite flying. 7. What is the best title for the passage? A. Try Your Best B. Wait for the Wind C. Fly a Kite in Life D. Determine to Succeed - 5 - 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了“我”10 岁的侄子在一个风平浪静的日子里执意要去放风筝， 但不管他如何跑来跑去，风筝依旧飞不起来；无奈，他只能决定等有了风再去放风筝。由此 引发作者的感悟，我们人类往往会按照自己的意愿行事，而不管有无“东风”，不管客观条 件是否允许。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句“Glancing out of a nearby window, I noticed there was not a breeze”和最后一句“The wind is not blowing today. The kite won’t fly” ，可知作者觉得当天没有风，风筝根本飞不起来，D 选项正确。B、C 均是干扰项，文中的确 有提及作者想要放松（玩游戏被打败之后），享受宁静时光（外甥打玩游戏溜出去的那一瞬） ，均位于第一段，不是发生在外甥想放风筝之时（第三段），回答此题需要特别注意圈定答 题区间，故选 D。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。本题要求判断外甥的性格特点，结合全文的情节，Tripper 在玩游戏时赢了作者 ，接着找到了风筝，在没有风的情况下，不顾“我”的劝阻，还是坚持放风筝，无功而返之 后仍不轻言放弃，最后还低声说一定要等到起风了出去放风筝，说明了 Tripper 是个做事坚 持（insistent）的人，故选 B。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“我”问他风筝怎么样时，他的回答“I got it to fly some”可知 ，他并不承认自己被没有风的现实打败，并不愿意认输，C 正确 A、B 错误；但同时他清楚风 筝其实飞不起来，所以才说“I guess I'll have to wait for the wind”，因此 D 中“with the kite flying.”有事实性错误，故选 C。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题（最佳标题选择题）。综合全文，作者通过一个小故事，在最后一段提出自己的 感想感悟，“You want to do it your way instead of waiting for the wind”，并进行了展开 论述：不要一味盲目地只凭借自己的力量去完成我们想做的事情，不要出“盲力”，应该一 开始就寻求我们所能利用的条件，学会“借东风”，而这个有利条件，文章中用 wind 一词来 象征。综合以上的主旨，故选 B。 C - 6 - Chinese Culture Shown to the World with Love Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity. Li has about 20 million followers on Sina Weibo, China’s equivalent to Twitter, plus 7 million followers on overseas social media networks. Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel. It is the spirit of craftsmanship (技艺) behind her works that makes Li’s video clips attractive. She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures in making traditional Chinese food and handicrafts, such as peach flower wine and silk, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate. Sometimes she spends several months producing one of her videos. Li has been inheriting (继承) traditional Chinese culture in a rather creative way. A closer look at her videos will show that they are never with any “analysis” that makes people feel bored. They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives. It is that universal appeal that makes her works so attractive. Thanks to Li's efforts, many intangible cultural heritages that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes. Via her short videos, Li presents the image of a beautiful and friendly China. With the growth of the Chinese economy, people overseas are showing more interest in traditional Chinese culture. Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart. To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi. 8. What can we learn about Li Ziqi’s video clips? A. They promote the sales of Chinese food and handicrafts. B. They attract a large number of foreigners to visit her online shop. C. They aim to introduce traditional Chinese food culture and handicrafts worldwide. D. They are based on her family’s recipes of making traditional Chinese food. 9. What could be inferred from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4? - 7 - A. Analysis of Chinese culture in Li’s videos makes people bored. B. Details and accuracy play significant roles in the success of Li’s videos. C. Li makes sure all of her video clips are short enough to be downloaded. D. Cultural heritages usually exist in memories and written accounts. 10. What does the underlined word “intangible” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. nonphysical B. inaccessible C. invaluable D. unnoticeable 11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To provide guidance on cooking and making handicrafts. B. To suggest a way of attracting more followers on Sina Weibo. C. To give an example of how to gain worldwide popularity as a a short video blogger. D. To encourage more people to make efforts to bring Chinese culture to the world. 【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了以拍摄古风美食短视频出名的李子柒如何把中国人传统而 本真的生活方式呈现出来，让现代都市人找到一种心灵的归属感，也让世界理解了一种生活 中的中国文化，李子柒将中国文化以一种创新的方式引向世界。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段主题句“Li Ziqi, a short video blogger specializing in traditional Chinese cooking and handicrafts, has gained worldwide popularity.”以 及第二段“Many foreigners say they have got to know traditional Chinese food culture via her channel”可知，专注于中国传统烹饪和手工艺品的短视频博客作者李子柒在全球范 围内广受欢迎，外国友人通过她的频道了解了中国传统饮食文化，李子柒的视频旨在将中国 文化引向世界，故选 C。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“She strictly follows the authentic traditional steps and procedures, and goes to great lengths to ensure her videos are accurate.”以及第四 段第三句“They just show audiences each and every detail of traditional Chinese culture so that the latter knows how Chinese live their beautiful and elegant lives.”可知，在 制作中国传统食品和手工艺品时，李子柒严格遵循地道的传统步骤和程序，并竭尽全力确保 - 8 - 视频的准确性。她的视频向观众展示传统中国文化的每一个细节，以便让观众了解中国人的 日常生活。因此，准确度和细节是李子柒的视频如此受欢迎的主要原因，故选 B。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词后的修饰语“that only existed in memories and written records now appear before our eyes.”可知，在李子柒的努力下，许多仅存在于记忆和书面记录中 的文化遗产现在出现在我们眼前，而文化遗产显然有别于物质遗产。结合文中出现的 cultural heritages 词组及本文的语境，可知划线词意思是“非物质的、无形的、触摸不到的”，B.难 以接近的；C.非常贵重的；D.不明显的均不符语境，故选 A。 【11 题详解】 推理判断题。本题要求推理分析作者的写作意图，根据第五段第二句“Li has shown how to satisfy that interest in a good way, namely showing the best parts of traditional Chinese culture with her heart.”以及全文最后一段“To effectively present the beauty of Chinese culture to the world, we need more Li Ziqi.”可知，本文主要介绍了以拍摄古风 美食短视频出名的李子柒如何把中国人传统而本真的生活方式呈现出来，向世界打开美丽中 国的一扇窗口，让世界理解了一种生活着的中国文化。作者希望未来有更多像李子柒这样的 人物向世界展示和推广中国传统文化，故选 D。 D When students got their textbooks at the beginning of the year at San Mateo High School, they also received the Yondr pouch Youdr (口袋), a locking device for their phones. The phone slides into it and gets locked through a magnetic (磁力的) device. It’s not unlocked again until the final bell rings. The procedure will repeat every day for the rest of the school year. Adam Gelb, the vice-president, ran a pilot project last year with 20 students and decided to do a school-wide, bell to bell program for this school year. The Yondr pouch is a start-up in San Francisco with a mission to create phone-free spaces, something that is the very thought with Gelb. “I really think it’s about being present and engaging in the adult that’s trying to teach you, and your peers that might be in your small group. That’s part of the main philosophy that we're trying to spread,” he said. Brad Friedman, another teacher at the school, said he was becoming concerned with - 9 - overuse of phones at school. He said he often saw students completely lost on their phones, some not socializing at all with other students. This week, he’s already seeing the difference. “Everyone else was socializing and eating lunch together. That’s what I wasn’t seeing enough of when phone usage is at its worst,” he said. A senior at San Mateo High School Djelani Phillips-Diop said he definitely panicked at first when he heard he had to lock his phone. “I panicked, I guess. Last year when we had phones, I was using it every day,” he said. In case of emergency, every classroom has the unlocking device. Teachers still have access to their own cellphones and desk phones. “We’ve gotten all 1,700 students unlocked with a matter of minutes,” said Gelb. We spoke to four students who, despite their initial panic, agreed that a phone-free school experience has its benefits. 12. What can we learn about the Yondr pouch from paragraph 1? A. It is a device to lock phones. B. It is a bell to unlock phones. C. It is a device to be used for a year. D. It is a phone intended for students. 13. The Youdr pouch is used more in Gelb’s school to ______________________. A. create space to use phones freely B. help the students to be more outgoing C. encourage more mutual communication among students D. help the students to realize the harm of overuse of phones 14. What is Friedman’s attitude to the use of the Yondr pouch ? A. Concerned. B. Favorable. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful. 15 What can be learned from the passage? A. The students were willing to have their phones locked at first. B. The phone will get unlocked automatically when there is an emergency C Students prefer eating lunch together with their phones in hand. . . - 10 - D. Some students came to realize the benefits of the phone-free program. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国加州的 San Mateo High School（圣马特奥市中学）在新 学期发放课本的同时也发给学生一个用来锁手机的袋子——the Yondr pouch，以此来限制学 生在校过度使用手机，逐渐把学生的注意力从一块手机屏幕转移到更有意义的校园活动和社 交上来。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“they also received the Yondr pouch, a locking device for their phones.”可知 the Yondr pouch 是一个用来锁手机的设备，故选 A。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段引用副校长（这项创新举措的设计者之一）的原话“I really think it’s about being present and engaging in the adult that’s trying to teach you, and your peers that might be in your small group. That’s part of the main philosophy that we're trying to spread”可知，在学校推广 the Yondr pouch 的目的是让学生不使用 手机，专注于参与老师或小组的活动；第五段也提到，没有手机在手，学生们能相互交流， 共进午餐，大家愿意参与校园社交了，情况发生了很大的变化，故选 C。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。本题要求判断这位同学对校方这项做法的态度，根据第四、五段可知 Brad Friedman 看到了使用 the Yondr pouch 前后学生的变化——很多人从沉溺于手机到积极参与社 交，校内氛围好了很多，由此推断出他是满意这种变化的，而四个选项中只有 favorable（赞 成的、赞许的）符合这种“褒”的态度，故选 B。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“We spoke to four students who, despite their initial panic, agreed that a phone-free school experience has its benefits.”可推知有一部 分学生从最初的恐慌、抵触逐渐转变，最终意识到“无手机校园”的好处，D 项中 came to realize the benefits 很好地表达出了学生态度有前后变化，且内容契合原文，故选 D。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. ___16___ There is constant - 11 - competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. In a sense, competition is one of the motive forces to the development of society. ___17___ Therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive. Growing in a competitive environment is important for a child because future adult life is difficult. Finding a good job, for example, is an extremely competitive activity. Today, most people obtain knowledge through various ways and a large number of people get good education. ___18___The quality of people is rapidly increasing. Competition is more violent than what we thought it should be. The potentially successful job applicant has to be prepared in stronger position by gaining more qualifications and experience. In the sports contests, the strongest will come out as winners. In the business world, to beat your competitors, you must be better than the other employees. ___19___ Though the only way our world rewards people is to give honor to the winners, not to the losers, by attempting to compete at different activities, we can still learn to win and lose, gain experience and know our strengths and weaknesses. Competition prepares us for the tough things in life. Whether in games, in study or in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the degree, the trophy, and the contract. ___20___ A. Otherwise, you will be defeated. B. Modern society demands high-quality talents. C. Learning to be competitive is clearly the best preparation for life. D. There are also many people who have higher degrees in their special fields. E. Children have to learn to be competitive in order to adapt to modern society. F. In the natural world, the weak will be replaced by the strong and the fittest can live. G. We compete when we play games and when we try to do better than others in our study. 【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇议论文，作者围绕“竞争”这一中心词，作者论述了竞争在现实生活中、在各个领 - 12 - 域的普遍性，竞争是人们在社会中生活的一种方式，最后阐述了“学会竞争是为人生做的最 好的准备”这一观点。 【16 题详解】 此题考查学生对语篇上下文的理解能力。上一句说竞争是我们社会生活中常见的现象， “Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.”为一句总起句，下一句提到存 在竞争的其他方面，“There is constant competition for academic degrees, jobs, customers, money and so forth. ”因此，此空应该起承上启下的作用。既会谈到竞争，也 会涉及到竞争的具体某些方面，G 项则讲当我们在玩游戏和学习要比别人做得更好时就会竞争 ，这些都是竞争的具体表现（具体某些方面），符合题意，故选 G。 【17 题详解】 此题考查上下句之间因果关系。根据下一句和本段所举例子可知，正因为 F 中所述，“In the natural world, the weak will be replaced by the strong and the fittest can live.”在自然 界中，弱肉强食，物竞天择，适者生存，“Therefore, the only way to survive is to be competitive. ”所以生存下来的唯一途径就是竞争。即 F 项所举例子与下一句构成强因果关 系，故选 F。 【18 题详解】 该空承上启下，提示词在上一句，句中讲当今社会大多数人“most people”通过各种方式获 取知识，许多人得到良好的教育，本空 D 项则补充讲也有许多人“There are also many people”在他们的某些特殊领域拥有更高的学位，一前一后，分别讲全民通识教育和精英教 育，再下一句得出结论：这说明人的素质在迅速提高，因此竞争也更加激烈，D 符合题意。此 题干扰项为 B“Modern society demands high-quality talents.”现代社会需要高智商天赋 的人。虽然此句也有 quality 出现，但此段讲述人们为了增强自己的竞争力，不断获取新知 识，并无提及拥有与生俱来的天赋（talent），故此题选 D。 【19 题详解】 此空与前一句是条件关系，“In the business world, to beat your competitors, you must be better than the other employees.”意思是，在一个商业社会中，要打败你的竞争对手 ，你就必须比其他员工更强，“Otherwise, you will be defeated.”否则你就会被打败， otherwise（否则）在此处起到提示作用，表示满足不了前一句的条件，就会出现“被打败” 的情况，故选 A。 【20 题详解】 - 13 - 此空设在文章末尾，是总结句，起首尾呼应的作用。既是对本文的总结，又与文章开头第一 段呼应，本题侧重语篇和文章结构关系的考查。文章开头“Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.”竞争是我们社会生活中普遍的现象，同时，该空上一句 讲“Whether in games, in study or in business alike, the aim is to win the game, the degree, the trophy, and the contract.”无论在哪个领域，我们的目的都是“赢”，赢得 一 切 ； 因 此 ， “Learning to be competitive is clearly the best preparation for life.”（所以学会竞争显然是为人生做最好的准备），呼应文章开头并总结全文、点题，故 选 C。 【点睛】七选五是一种极其注重考查文章结构、上下文联系和逻辑关系的题目，经常从这些 方面设置干扰项。例如本题中的第 2 小题，此题中干扰项为 E：“Children have to learn to be competitive in order to adapt to modern society.”（为了适应现代社会， 孩子们不得不 学会去竞争），虽然该段下文就有一处提到 “Growing in a competitive environment is important for a child because future adult life is difficult. ”似乎与 E 选项内容十分“ 匹配”，但这正是容易误选之处。 实际上，该空紧挨着的下句，第一个词便是 therefore（因此），这类表示逻辑关系的词语在 七选五题目中一旦出现，必须引起大家的十二分注意，它们是重要的提示词。在这里， therefore 表示前后两句构成因果关系，而后一句是“生存的唯一方式是去竞争”，F 中描述 的自然界中弱肉强食、物竞天择现象，与后一句形成因果关系，而 E 与后一句则明显不构成 这种因果关系，而是在用不同表述阐述相近的观点，故排除。 第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made a (an) ___21___ to maintain (保持) the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was ___22___ . I was well aware that new languages are___23___ learned when young, and that our abilities ___24___ with age. However, just before my 50th birthday, I ___25___ French classes. After I was ___26___ to see which group I belonged to, I was placed at almost the ___27___ level. When I looked around at my first Saturday morning class, I was - 14 - ___28___ by how many of the students were learning French as a third, fourth, or ___29___ fifth language. While I’d always considered myself as a quick ___30___ , that was no longer the case. I ___31___ new vocabulary very slowly. What I learned one week seemed to ___32___ as soon as I learned the next skill. I looked up the same ___33___ and language structures over and over again. Now, a couple of ___34___ in, I can listen to the news in French and catch 90 percent of it on the first try, read a novel if the language is not too difficult, and hold up my end of a ___35___ if it doesn’t go too fast. Who knows what I might still ___36___ ? I’ve learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I’ve met people from around the world who have the ___37___to make fools of themselves to learn something new. I have a ___38___ understanding of how something can look ___39___ different from another perspective. I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of ___40___ . But most of all, I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new. 21. A. effort B. offer C. mistake D. appointment 22. A. disgusting B. pointless C. cheerful D. simple 23. A. worst B. hardest C. least D. best 24. A. stay B. improve C. decline D. disappear 25. A. dropped in at B. took part in C. paid attention to D. signed up for 26. A. tested B. expected C. requested D. forced 27. A. advanced B. middle C. special D. introductory 28. A. bothered B. struck C. moved D. scared 29. A. ever B. even C. also D. still 30. A. listener B. trainer C. learner D. - 15 - interviewer 31. A. absorbed B. prepared C. employed D. noticed 32. A. come back B. turn up C. break off D. slip away 33. A. passages B. words C. meanings D. tips 34. A. months B. weeks C. years D. days 35. A. conversation B. quarrel C. speech D. presentation 36. A. arrange B. show C. accomplish D. trust 37. A. courage B. time C. money D. chance 38. A. mutual B. renewed C. poor D. familiar 39. A. hardly B. occasionally C. suddenly D. completely 40. A. listening B. relaxing C. thinking D. doubting 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. D 40. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者 Lauren Bates 记录了自己在学习法语期间努力克服困难的过程以及 学到的东西——语言不仅是一系列的词组合在一起，而是一种思维方式的改变，最重要的是， 学习新事物永远不会太晚。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词组。句意：虽然我想努力(make an effort)保持在学校学到的那一点法语，但最终 意识到这几乎是徒劳的。A.make an effort 做出努力；B.make an offer 出价、提议；C.make a mistake 犯错误；D.make an appointment 约定、预约。文章开篇说明我们中只有极少数人 在高中学习一门外语后就能够流利地使用这门语言，作者本人也做出了努力，但还是遇到了 困难，故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我想努力(make an effort)保持在学校学到的那一点法语， 但最终意识到这几乎是徒劳的。A.disgusting 令人厌恶的；B.pointless 无意义的，徒劳的； C.cheerful 愉快的；D.simple 简单的。结合上下文语境以及句中的转折关系，只有 pointless - 16 - 符合题意，故选 B。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常清楚我们学习新语言最好的(best)时间是年轻时，因为 我们的学习能力将会随着年龄的增长而下降(decline)。A.worst 最差、最坏；B.hardest 最 难、最努力；C.least 最少的；D.best 最好的，最佳的，本题需结合常识判断，学外语要趁 年轻，这是最好的时间段，故选 D。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常清楚我们学习新语言最好的(best)时间是年轻时，因为我 们的学习能力将会随着年龄的增长而下降(decline)。A.stay 保持；B.improve 提高、改善； C.decline 下降，减少；D.disappear 消失。上文提到 I was well aware that new languages are best learned when young，此处 our abilities ____ with age 前后 decline 与 best 对应， 符合句意，故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词组。句意：就在我 50 岁生日以前，我报名参加了(signed up for)法语课程。A.drop in at 拜访、光临；B.take part in 参加、参与；C.pay attention to 注意；D.sign up for 报名参加。根据第二段的内容可知，本句作者表达了尽管她深知语言学习能力随着年龄会变 弱，但(however)仍然想重拾法语这门课程的决心，报名参加了课程，故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我先通过测试，以决定我被分配到哪个组。A.test 测试；B.expect 期望、预料；C.request 请求；D.force 强迫。上文提到作者报名参加法语课程，所以作者先 通过测试(test)才能决定被分配至哪个组，故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我先通过测试，以决定我被分配到哪个组。A.test 测试；B.expect 期望、预料；C.request 请求；D.force 强迫。上文提到作者报名参加法语课程，所以作者先 通过测试(test)才能决定被分配至哪个组，故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我参加第一个周末上午的课程时，环顾四周，让我大感震惊的 (struck)是，原来我身边有这么多学生正在学习法语，而且作为他们的第三、第四，甚至第 五语言。A.strike 打动、击中某人；B.bother 烦扰；C.move 感动；D.scare (使)害怕。作 者看到的情景是超乎他的想象的，结合下文他对自己感受的描述，可知 strike 符合题意，故 - 17 - 选 A。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我发现身边有很多学生正在学习法语，而且是作为他们的第三、 第四，甚至(even)第五种语言。A.ever 曾经；B.even 甚至；C.also 也、并且；D.still 仍 然。此处为递进关系，故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直认为自己是个学习能力很强的人(quick learner)，但 现在情况似乎不再如此。A.listener 聆听者；B.trainer 训练员；C.learner 学习者； D.interviewer 采访者、面试官。learner(学习者)是本文的中心词，故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在学习吸收新词汇十分缓慢。A.absorb 吸收，理解；B.prepare 准备; C.employ 采用、雇佣；D.notice 注意。根据上文的 quick learner, that was no longer the case.以及下文 new vocabulary very slowly. What I learned one week seemed to____as soon as I learned the next skill.可知，由于年纪问题，作者在学习(learn)法语过程中， 吸收(absorb)新词汇很缓慢，learn 和 absorb 属于同一词场，故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词组。句意：在我刚学会下一项技能时，我花了一个星期学到的东西却似乎已离我 而去(slip away)。A.come back 回来；B.turn up 出现、调高音量；C.break off 中断、 突 然停止；D.slip away 溜走、消失。根据前文提到自己学习能力下降，以及下文 I looked up the same ___ and language structures over and over again，可知作者感叹已学到的只是又溜 走了，故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析和上下文语境理解能力。句意：我不得不一遍又一遍地查找相同的单词 (words)和语言结构。A.passage 文章；B.word 单词；C.meaning 意义；D.tip 提示、技巧。 结合第五段最后一句 I've learned that a language is not just a set of words 可得出本题正 确选项，words 属于上下文原词复现，故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年(years)过去了，现在我可以听法语新闻，并且第一次听就能 听懂新闻 90％的内容。A.months 月；B.weeks 周；C.years 年；D.days 天。联系生活经验可 知，学习外语并达到熟练程度不是一朝一夕就能做到的，此处只有“几年”符合常识和语境， - 18 - 故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果谈话(conversation)不是进行得太快的话，我还是能够跟别 人用法语交谈直至结束。A.conversation 对话，谈话；B.quarrel 吵架、争论；C.speech 演 讲；D.presentation 展示、陈述。由下文 it doesn't go too fast 可知，如果谈话没有进行得 太快我还是可以(hold)得住的，在这里只有 conversation 提现了这种双向互动（quarrel 明 显不是正常互动，排除），故选 A。 【36 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：靠自身的努力，我的法语水平已经远超自己的预期。A.arrange安 排；B.show 显示；C.accomplish 达到，实现；D.trust 信任。结合下文 I've learned so much beyond grammar and vocabulary. I've met people from around the world…I've learned that a language is not just a set of word…可知，我在未来还可以做到更到的事情，未 来可期！accomplish (完成、实现) 符合语境，故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了语法和词汇外，我学到了很多东西。我还遇到了来自世界各 地的人，他们为了学习新事物敢于出丑（不怕犯错误）。A.courage 勇气；B.time 时间；C.money 金钱；D.chance 机会。对于语言学习，犯错误或出丑是常有之事，要有勇气面对，have/has the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事，结合语境，故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过学习法语，我有了全新的(renewed)认识——同一事物从另 一个角度看起来却可能完全(completely)不同。A.mutual 共同的；B.renewed 更新的；C.poor 贫乏的、可怜的；D.familiar 熟悉的。根据上文 to make fools of themselves to learn something new 与下文 how something can look____different from another perspective. 可知，作者意识到语言改变了自己看待问题的角度和思维方式，故选 B。 【39 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过学习法语，我有了全新的(renewed)认识——同一事物从另一 个角度看起来却可能完全(completely)不同。A.hardly 几乎不；B.occasionally 偶尔； C.suddenly 突然；D.completely 完全地、彻底地。结合上下文的叙述和作者的感悟，学语言 颠覆了自己对看事物的角度，completely 很好地表现了这种程度，故选 D。 【40 题详解】 - 19 - 考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言结构塑造人的思维方式，语言不仅是一系列的词组合在一起， 而是一种思维方式(a way of thinking)。A. listening 聆听；B.relaxing 放松；C.thinking 思考；D.doubting 质疑。作者前文提到学语言改变了自己看事情的角度，因此这改变的是一 种思维方式，故选 C。 第二节语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you always hate certain vegetables, you may be more than a picky eater. Instead, you might be a “super-taster”, a person ___41___ bitter genes (苦味基因). Those people who have the “bitter genes” are 2.6 times more likely to eat ___42___ (few) vegetables than others, according to a new study ___43___ (present) at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association. “We don’t get the taste of food equally,” said professor Duffy, an expert in the study of food taste. “It could explain some of the differences in our food ___44___ (prefer).” About half of us can taste bitter and sweet, so we are not especially sensitive to bitter food. Another 25% are called “non-tasters”, to ___45___ bitter food might actually be a bit sweeter. The rest of us are ___46___ (extreme) sensitive to the bitterness that some ___47___(plant) develop to keep animals from eating them. Food scientists are trying to develop ways ___48___ (reduce) the bitterness in veggies, in the hope that we can keep super-tasters from rejecting vegetables. In fact, some vegetables we grow today ___49___ (be) much sweeter than before. We might also try to use various cooking methods, either by adding some fat, sweetness, strong flavors like garlic ___50___roasting them, to improve the taste of the vegetables. 【答案】41. with 42. fewer 43. presented 44. preference 45. whom 46. extremely 47. plants 48. to reduce 49. are 50. or - 20 - 【解析】 这是一篇说明文，作者主要介绍了科学家关于人类味觉的新研究成果：有的人有“苦味基因” ，有的人则没有，这些人对食物的感觉不尽相同。现代人们通过多种方法使蔬菜食物更为可 口。 【41 题详解】 考查介词用法，句意：你或许是个超级品味师，一个有着“苦味”基因的人。with 在此处表 示“有着、带着”的意思，故填 with。 【42 题详解】 考查形容词的比较级，该空后有提示词 than，故此处应将 few 改为其比较级，故填 fewer。 【43 题详解】 考查非谓语动词，本句 present 处及其后内容作定语，修饰前面的 a new study。present 属 于非谓语动词，且表被动含义（研究成果在年会上被展示、介绍），故填 presented。 【44 题详解】 考查名词，our 后面用名词或名词短语，此处表示“我们的食物喜好”，故填 preference。 【45 题详解】 考查定语从句，句意：对于这些人来说，苦味食物可能确实会有点甜（没那么苦）。分析句 子结构可知，这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 non-tasters，因而引导词为 who/whom， 介词 to 之后应接 whom，指代 non-tasters，在从句中作宾语，故填 whom。 【46 题详解】 考查词类转换，副词修饰形容词，构成 extremely sensitive，表示程度，故填 extremely。 【47 题详解】 考查名词单复数形式，plant 在 some 之后应改为复数，故为 plants。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词，本句已有谓语动词 are trying，故 reduce 为非谓语动词，此处表示目的， 故填 to reduce。 【49 题详解】 考查主谓一致和句子结构分析，本句主语部分含定语从句 we grow today，修饰先行词 vegetables，分析句子结构时应将定语从句整体隐去，可看出主语为 some vegetables，谓语 动词 be 用复数/现在时形式，故填 are。 【50 题详解】 - 21 - 考查连词，本句中 either…or…（或者……或者……）为固定搭配，表示 roasting 与 adding 两者二选一的选择关系，故填 or。 第四部分写作（共两节，满分 35） 第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ∧)，并在其下面写出该加 词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分 I used to pay little attention to the important of breakfast. I often studied late into the night and choose to skip breakfast. By this way I could have a few extra minutes in bed. Felt hungry in class, I found it difficult to concentrate on my lessons. What’s worse, I was even failed in one of the most important exam. Now, I have realized that breakfast, that can provide 30 percent of the whole day’s energy, plays essential role. Therefore, it is necessary for we students to start our day with a regularly breakfast. 【 答 案 】 【解析】 【分析】 的 。 - 22 - 这是一篇记叙文，作者通过记录自己不吃早餐与吃早餐之后自己的状态变化，揭示了早餐对 个人健康、生活、学习的重要性。 【详解】1.考查名词，本句 the A of B 结构中，A 与 B 均需用名词，the importance of 为常用 短语，意为“……的重要性”，故将 important 改为名词形式 importance。 2.考查动词时态，本句及下文均使用一般过去时描述自己之前的状态，choose 时态需与 studied 一致，故将 choose 改为 chose。 3.考查介词使用及固定搭配，in this way 为固定用法，表示“用这种方法”，故将 by 改为 in 。 4.考查非谓语动词，此处为非谓语动词，做原因状语，feel 与主句主语 I 之间是主动关系， 故将 felt 改为 feeling。 5.考查谓语动词，此处 fail 与主语 I 构成主动关系，同时动作发生在过去，用 failed，故去 掉 was。 6.考查名词，one of 后接名词复数形式，表示“……之一”，故将 exam 改为 exams。 7.考查定语从句引导词，此处为非限制性定语从句（标志之一是从句前有逗号），引导词需 用 which，指代先行词 breakfast，故将 that 改为 which。 8.考查冠词，role 为可数名词单数，需加冠词，固定搭配“play a/an role (in) ”表示“ 起……作用”且 essential 是元音发音开头，故加上不定冠词 an。 9.考查主格宾格辨析，for 后应该用宾格 us，us 与 students 构成同位语关系，故将 we 改为 us 。 10.考查形容词，breakfast 为名词，须由形容词进行修饰，故将 regularly 改为 regular。 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是学校英语社成员李华，为了迎接 100 周年校庆，英语社要制作一本英文宣传手册 。外教 Mr. Smith 主动提出帮忙。请你写封邮件给他，要点如下： 1. 表示感谢； 2. 提出你的需求。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：英语社 English Club 宣传手册 brochure Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ - 23 - ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version (1): Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua, a member of the English Club in our school. As the 100th anniversary of our school is drawing near, the English Club is scheduled to design an English version brochure. Learning that you offered to help, I feel more than grateful. The brochure is intended to introduce the history of our school and campus life. It’s such an important event that we can’t afford to make any mistakes in the writing. Therefore, we earnestly need your help. You are expected to give us some advice on the edition work and polish our writing. As you have been teaching in our school for years, we wonder whether you would write a short passage about your impression of our school, which will surely add something new to the brochure. We’ll have our first draft ready by the end of this week. Shall we meet at 9:00 am next Monday in your office? We need to talk in detail. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Possible version (2): Dear Mr. Smith, I’m Li Hua, a member of the English Club in our school. In order to celebrate the 100th birthday, the English Club is planning to make an English language brochure. I feel more than grateful to learn that you offered to help us. - 24 - It’s such an important event that we are making every effort to make the brochure a good present for our school. It is expected to give a brief introduction of the history of our school and campus life. We try to make the pictures beautiful and the language vivid. That’s why we are in great need of your help. Would you please give us some advice on how to design a brochure? Besides, please polish our writing since there are unavoidably some mistakes. As we know, you are keen on photography, and you have a good collection of pictures of school activities taken in our school. We would like you to pick out some and add to the brochure. I am sure that would be interesting to display more about our school from your eyes. We are looking forward to your help. Shall we meet at 9:00 am next Monday in your office? We need to talk in detail. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Possible version (3): Dear Mr Smith, I’m Li Hua, a member of the English Club in our school. As the 100th anniversary of our school is coming / approaching, the English Club is planning to make a brochure in English. I feel more than glad to learn that you will give us a hand. The brochure, serving as a special present for our school, mainly focuses on the introduction to the history of our school and campus life. We are doubtful about some English expressions (We are not sure whether some expressions are proper or not). Therefore, we wonder if your could give us some advice on how to design the brochure and help us make some necessary changes when we have our first draft ready. As you have been teaching here for years, we would like to invite you to write a short passage about your experience in our school, which will definitely impress us all. Shall we meet at 9:00 a.m. next Monday in your office and have a further discussion? Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua - 25 - 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教写一封邮件，内容包括表达感谢和说明需求两部 分。 【详解】本篇书面表达为传统的书信邮件写作题型，难度适中，从细分类型上讲，属于“感 谢信”和“求助信”的结合，完成此题主要基于平时对句型的积累。 一、仔细审题，列明要点： 题目主要有两大要求，分别是“表达感谢”和“说明需求”，经过审题我们应明确：在邮件 开头表达感谢之后，应尽快转入说明需求的部分。也就是详略应该得当，避免平均用力导致 偏题。“说明需求”的部分应进行拓展，列明想要外教帮忙的事项，逐项写作，做到层次分 明。 二、合理拓展，充实内容： “说明需求”部分进行拓展写作时，一定要仔细审题；通过审题可以发现，“外教”是关键 的信息点。提出的需求内容要首先基于“外教”的身份进行设计。对于外教来说，他的最大 优势就是语言优势，而此次求助的内容正是和制作英文版宣传册相关。基于此进行发挥，请 求外教帮忙对英文内容检查勘误、修改语言、润色文章，或直接请求外教撰写特色文章等， 都是最为合理的拓展内容。其次，可以适当对题目中的“留白”部分进行假设，例如这是一 名擅长摄影、绘画的外教，契合他的这一优势我们可以提出让他摄制校园照片等请求。 三、谋篇布局，遣词造句： 真正落实到写作过程中的，是对语言的驾驭能力。在本文中，积累常用的感谢/请求句型，对 撑起整篇文章的架构而言十分关键。如 I feel more than grateful./ I feel more than glad to learn that you will give us a hand./ We wonder whether you would…/Would you please give us some advice on…等句式，均可在写作中灵活运用。 【点睛】三个不同版本的参考范文内容完整，各有特色。总体上看，文章要点全面，语言规 范，语篇连贯，作者在范文中使用了较多地道的表达句式，如：It’s such an important event that we can’t afford to make any mistakes in the writing.（使用了 so/such…that… 句式，afford 在这里用得妙），同时作者使用了许多常用词组搭配，如 be intended to do; give a brief introduction; talk in detail; draw near 等。全文还使用了同位语、定语从句 等来提高语言的表达水平，显示了作者很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次 分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 26 - - 27 -