2020版高考英语总复习Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero高考题型分组训练 人教版必修 11页

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 高考题型分组训练 阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·浙江卷)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam－powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.‎ How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half－dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过叙述查尔斯·狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，呼吁读者在狄更斯200周年诞辰来临之际，纪念狄更斯。‎ ‎1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?‎ A．They were difficult to understand.‎ 11‎ B．They were popular among the rich.‎ C．They were seen as nearly worthless.‎ D．They were written mostly by women.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。题目要求找出最能描述18世纪小说特点的选项，由文章第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者简直有害至极)．”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，因此选C。A选项中的difficult to understand以及B选项中的among the rich在文章中并没有出现，故排除A、B两项。D选项中的mostly by women错误，文章中“often with something like ‘By a lady’”只是举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，因此排除D。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________.‎ A．his reputation in ‎France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature ‎[解析]　推理判断题。第二段中“Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》相比是因为《蒙娜丽莎》很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再结合第三段查尔斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的原因是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推测选D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名声，因此排除A项；B选项中的his interest in modern art在文中未被提及，因此排除B项；C选项中的in publication错误，因为本段主要讲述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以排除C项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To remember a great writer.‎ B．To introduce an English novel.‎ C．To encourage studies on culture.‎ D．To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ ‎[解析]　写作意图题。由文章最后一段最后一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年诞辰之际，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己拥有持续影响力的，因此A项“纪念一个伟大的作家”正确。文章主要讲述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，因此排除B项；C选项“鼓励有关文化方面的研究”与文章主题不符，因此排除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，因此排除D项。‎ ‎[答案]　A 11‎ B ‎(2018·山东郯城二中教学质量监测)There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter—not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.‎ ‎“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family, but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW－Madison School of Library and Information Studies.‎ ‎“As an adult, she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said. Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in all—a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.‎ ‎“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous children's book in the world, which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time. It's been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.‎ Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin.‎ ‎“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern—her embracing of the natural world，” commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix Potter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。‎ ‎4．What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?‎ A．Her life and work experiences.‎ B．Her specialty in animated(动画) pictures.‎ C．Her success in becoming a botanical scientist.‎ 11‎ D．Her interest in animals in childhood alone.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险)可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎5．What does the word “frustrated” in the third paragraph mean?‎ A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.‎ C．Motivated. D．Inspired.‎ ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“That field was not open to her because she was female”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以Beatrix Potter是比较沮丧的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎6．What is Beatrix Potter?‎ A．A botanist and artist.‎ B．An extremely important farmer and successful scientist.‎ C．A writer, conservationist and farmer.‎ D．An artistic director.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist，”以及倒数第二段中“became an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Potter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎7．Why does the author write the article?‎ A．In celebration of Potter's 150th birthday.‎ B．In honour of Potter's new contributions.‎ C．In praise of Potter's spirit of selflessness.‎ D．In support of Potter's book promotions.‎ ‎[解析]　写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。‎ 11‎ ‎[答案]　A C Stephen Hawking Warns Humans Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim‎, ‎Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.‎ Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”‎ Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．‎ According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics(天体物理学) and cosmology(宇宙学)．”‎ Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the 11‎ ‎ disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation(滥伐森林), and decimation(大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking(考虑不周的) lot.”‎ The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe(航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold(开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.‎ 语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。‎ ‎8．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?‎ A．To send people to Mars.‎ B．To build a lunar base.‎ C．To send astronauts to the Moon.‎ D．To change the future of humanity.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎9．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．speeded up B．stored C．used up D．explored ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎10．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.‎ C．Positive. D．Indifferent.‎ ‎[解析]　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A 11‎ ‎11．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.‎ A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A D ‎(2018·辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测一)Hillary failed to be president of America, but she never fails to serve America all her life.‎ Hillary Diane Rodham was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947，daughter of Hugh and Dorothy Rodham. She and her two younger brothers grew up in Park Ridge‎, ‎Illinois. An excellent student, she was also a Girl Scout and a member of the local Methodist youth group. Hillary also enjoyed sports and was always interested in politics.‎ She entered Wellesley‎ ‎College in 1965. Graduating with high honors, she moved on to Yale‎ Law ‎School, where she served on the Board of Editors of the Yale Review of Law and Social Action. While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families. It was there that she met Bill Clinton, a fellow student.‎ Hillary left Washington and followed her heart to Arkansas, marrying Bill Clinton in 1975. The couple taught together on the law school of the University of ‎ 11‎ Arkansas‎ at Fayetteville. Their daughter, Chelsea, was born in 1980.‎ As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary continued to work tirelessly on behalf of children and families. In addition to chairing the Arkansas Education Standards Committee, she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She introduced a pioneering program called the Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters into Arkansas, which trained parents to work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy. Hillary also served on the board of the Arkansas Children's Hospital. In recognition of her professional and personal accomplishments, Hillary was named Arkansas Woman of the Year in 1983 and Arkansas Mother of the Year in 1984.‎ Women's International‎ ‎Center proudly presented the Living Legacy Award to Hillary Rodham Clinton for her vast contributions in so many fields, especially honoring her work for women and children.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的相关情况，包括她的家庭、所受的教育、事业以及为妇女和儿童做出的贡献等。‎ ‎12．Where was it that Hillary began to show her concern for children's interests?‎ A．In Chicago‎, ‎Illinois.‎ B．At Wellesley‎ ‎College.‎ C．In Washington and Arkansas.‎ D．At Yale‎ Law ‎School.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families.”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎13．Which of the following was set up by Hillary?‎ A．The Arkansas Education Standards Committee.‎ B．The Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families.‎ C．The Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters.‎ D．The Arkansas Children's Hospital.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”，故B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎14．What can we learn from the passage?‎ 11‎ A．Bill Clinton and Hillary both graduated from ‎ Wellesley‎ ‎College‎.‎ B．Bill Clinton and Hillary founded the University‎ of ‎Arkansas.‎ C．Hillary did a great deal for children and women in Arkansas.‎ D．Hillary was interested in sports but not in academic subjects.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益；倒数第二段介绍了希拉里在阿肯色州为妇女和儿童成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”、引进了“学龄前儿童家庭教育”项目；据此可以判断，希拉里在阿肯色州为维护妇女和儿童的权益做出了很大的贡献，故C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎15．What might be the best title for this passage?‎ A．Hillary's Concern for Children B．A Story Told by Hillary C．A Brief Introduction to Hillary D．Hillary's Contributions ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段第一句为文章主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要对希拉里的相关情况作了简要介绍，故C项为最佳标题。‎ ‎[答案]　C Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2018·全国卷联考提升卷)Let's be honest here: random acts of kindness make us feel good. They make others feel good. They help benefit society in small ways, and those small benefits can turn into huge benefits. Being an everyday hero means willingly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter. __1__ Start with these ideas.‎ Leave a space cleaner than you found it. If you eat out, keep your table clean after you're finished, making it a little easier for your server. At home, keep your things organized. __2__‎ Be kind to strangers. It's well－known that everyone is fighting separate but equally different battles. Although you might not be able to understand or relate to everyone's struggles, you can offer unconditional kindness and patience. __3__ Maybe the fast－food worker has two other jobs and children at home. Although you don't know their situations, kindness is always appreciated.‎ ‎__4__ This can get sticky, and you need to be sensitive to people's wishes. The easiest way to determine whether someone needs help is to ask, and respect their 11‎ ‎ answer. When close friends and loved ones are struggling, your support is to say, “I love you.”‎ ‎__5__ Your local thrift store, Goodwill, or resale shop can provide you more information on this. By donating the things that you don't need, want, or use, you allow another person to benefit from them rather than sending them to a landfill.‎ A．Try to stand up for someone.‎ B．Help someone who's struggling.‎ C．Choose to donate your used things.‎ D．Don't leave messes for others to clean up.‎ E．Maybe the old man deals with chronic pain.‎ F．When you've decided to be a hero, be it right now.‎ G．If you can, take five minutes and be an everyday hero.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。也许我们无法成为一名大英雄，但我们的每一个善举都传递着爱意，会让我们的世界变得更美好。本文就如何成为一个平凡的英雄给出了几点建议。‎ ‎1．[解析]　根据上文“Being an everyday hero means willingly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter.”及下文“Start with these ideas.”可知，要成为一名平凡的英雄很简单，如果可以的话，花费五分钟，你就能成为一名平凡的英雄。G项承上启下，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎2．[解析]　根据本段第一句“Leave a space cleaner than you found it.”和上一句“At home, keep your things organized.”可知，D项“不要弄得乱糟糟的留给别人收拾”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．[解析]　根据本段第一句“Be kind to strangers.”可知，要善待陌生人。空格下一句举例说明陌生人可能会遇到的情景，E项也是举例说明，符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎[答案]　E ‎4．[解析]　空格处为本段的主题句。根据该段的内容可知，要通过询问的方式去了解一些人是否需要帮助。B项“帮助那些需要帮助的人”符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．[解析]　根据下文中的“By donating the things that you don't need, want, or use”可知，把自己不想要、不需要或用不上的东西捐赠给别人，与C项中的“donate your used things”相呼应。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C 11‎ 11‎