2020版高考英语总复习Unit5Nelsonhero教学案 人教版必修1 23页

Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测 ‎1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍 ‎(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用 23‎ ‎(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用 ‎(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵 Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破 ‎1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂 第一时段　Warming up & Reading ‎1．devote vt.献身；专心于(与to连用)‎ 23‎ ‎[教材原句]　A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.‎ 一位伟人是能够将自己的生命奉献于帮助他人的人。‎ ‎(1)devote... to... 把……奉献于……‎ devote oneself to (doing) 献身于……；致力于……‎ ‎(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to (doing)．.. 专心于……；奉献于……‎ ‎(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 单句语法填空 ‎①I don't think we should devote any more time to _______(persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.‎ ‎②He is a ________(devote) father because he was strict with his children and encouraged them when they were in trouble.‎ ‎③His ________(devote) to his country was highly thought of by the people.‎ 句型转换 ‎④She devoted herself to the cause of education and was praised by the government.‎ ‎→____________________________ of education, he was praised by the government.‎ ‎[答案]　①persuading　②devoted　③devotion ‎④Devoted to the cause ‎2．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击　n．攻击；进攻；病情发作 ‎[教材原句]　We chose to attack the laws.‎ 我们选择向法律进攻。‎ ‎(1)under attack 遭到攻击 make an attack 攻击 a heart attack 心脏病突发 ‎(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人 be attacked with 患……‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The judge said that it was not legal ________(attack) other people with violence.‎ ‎②Hearing his daughter attacked ________ cancer, he burst into tears.‎ 完成句子 23‎ ‎③What will you do if you are ____________？ Would you like to ________________ on those who attack you?‎ 你受到袭击时会怎么做呢？你会向袭击你的人发起攻击吗？‎ ‎[答案]　①to attack　②with　③under attack; make an attack ‎3．equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的　n．同等的人；相等物　v．与……相等，等于；比得上 ‎[教材原句]　But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.‎ 但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将有助于我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。‎ ‎(1)A equals B in... 在……方面A比得上B be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；胜任 ‎(2)equality n. 相等；平等 equally adv. 相等地；平等地 单句语法填空 ‎①Little pleasure can be equal ________ that of a cool drink in hot summer.‎ ‎②My roommate equals me ________ maths, but his English is better.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Any man ________________ the task, so long as he is careful.‎ 只要细心任何人都能胜任这项任务。‎ ‎[答案]　①to　②in　③will be equal to ‎[知识顾问]　(1)用作形容词，意为“相同的”“相等的”，be equal to表示“等于”“能胜任”“能应付”等，其中的to是介词(其后接动词时应用动名词)。‎ ‎(2)用作及物动词，意为“等于”“比得上”等，equal sb. in...表示“在……方面比得上某人”，不要在其后加介词to。‎ ‎(3)用作名词，意为“相等的事物”“(地位等)相同的人”等，是可数名词。‎ ‎4．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎[教材原句]　Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.‎ 当伊莱亚斯处于困境中的时候他就去找纳尔逊·曼德拉。‎ ‎　‎ ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼 get into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹是生非；制造麻烦 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.‎ 做某事有困难 23‎ take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事 单句语法填空 ‎①Although Mike was ________ trouble, he didn't lose heart.‎ ‎②I'll never forget the trouble I had ________(try) to persuade him to raise money for the poor.‎ ‎③Thank you for the trouble you're taken ________(help) me.‎ ‎[答案]　①in　②trying　③to help ‎[易错提醒]　in trouble表示处于“麻烦”的状态中，没冠词修饰，名词用单数。‎ ‎5．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；致力于；开始从事；查阅；转向 ‎[教材原句]　Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?‎ 为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？‎ ‎　　　　　　　　‎ turn down 关小；拒绝 turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走 turn up 出现；露面；调大 turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产 turn over 打翻；翻身；移交 单句语法填空 ‎①In the dark street there wasn't a single person ________ whom she could turn for help.‎ ‎②I politely turned ________ his request and left without hesitation.‎ ‎③He promised to attend the party but he hasn't turned ________.‎ ‎④It turned ________ that he was innocent.‎ ‎[答案]　①to　②down　③up　④out ‎6．“only＋副词”句式 ‎[教材原句]　... only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ ‎(1)“only＋副词”作状语置于句首，句子采用部分倒装形式。‎ ‎①Only yesterday ________________ the truth, which was a big surprise.‎ 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。‎ ‎②Only then ________________ the importance of health.‎ 只有到了那时候，我才意识到健康的重要性。‎ ‎(2)“only＋介词短语”作状语放在句首，句子需用部分倒装形式。‎ 23‎ ‎③Only by understanding and learning from each other ________________ those days together happily.‎ 只有通过相互理解彼此学习，我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子。‎ ‎(3)“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句采用部分倒装形式。‎ ‎④Only when I grew up ______________________________ the responsibility of being parents.‎ 只有当我长大了以后，我才理解了作为父母的责任。‎ ‎⑤Only when he came back ________________ the truth.‎ 只有当他回来的时候，我们才知道了真相。‎ ‎(4)only修饰主语，即使放在句首也不倒装。‎ ‎⑥Only she ___________________________ in an hour.‎ 只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。‎ ‎[答案]　①did his father tell him　②did I realize　③could we spend　④did I understand　⑤did we know　⑥can finish the work ‎[方法规律]　(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。‎ ‎(2)only放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装形式。‎ 语境串考点 ‎(语法填空)‎ ‎　　Stephen Hawking 1.____________(attack) with motor neurone disease and he was 2.____________ trouble. He fought against his illness and his 3.____________(devote) to science had no 4.____________(equally) in the world. But in his daily life, he suffered a lot. Only 5.____________ he turned 6.____________ a computer could he speak, read and write. In his whole life he lived a 7.____________(peace) life and took 8.____________ active part in experimenting. He set an example to the 9.____________(young). 10.____________(sad) he died on 14th, March, 2018.‎ ‎[答案]　1.was attacked　2.in　3.devotion　4.equal　5.when　6.to　7.peaceful　8.an　9.youth　10.Sadly 第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language ‎1．escape vi.逃脱；泄露　n．逃跑，溢出，漏出 23‎ ‎[教材原句]　It was a prison from which no one escaped.‎ 那是一座任何人都逃不出来的监狱。‎ ‎(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱 ‎(2)a narrow escape 九死一生 单句语法填空 ‎①He escaped ____________(kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.‎ ‎②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping ________ the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.‎ 完成句子 ‎③He had _______________. Luckily, he was able to ____________ the burning building.‎ 他九死一生。幸运的是，他从失火的建筑物中逃了出来。‎ ‎[答案]　①being killed　②from　③a narrow escape; escape from ‎2．reward n. & vt.报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏 ‎[教材原句]　They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.‎ 他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎(1)as a reward (for...) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏 in reward for 为酬谢……；作为……的奖励 ‎(2)reward sb. for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人 ‎(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；有意义的 单句语法填空 ‎①She started singing to the baby and ____________(reward) with a smile.‎ ‎②I'd like to do something in reward ________ her kindness.‎ ‎③When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and ________(reward)．‎ ‎[答案]　①was rewarded　②for　③rewarding ‎3．lose heart丧失勇气或信心 ‎[教材原句]　The scientist from whom the government heard the bad news never lost heart when he was in trouble.‎ 那个告诉政府坏消息的科学家在困境中从来没灰心过。‎ 23‎ ‎(1)lose one's heart to 爱上……‎ put one's heart into 专心于 learn... by heart 记住……‎ break one's heart 使心碎；使某人伤心 ‎(2)heart and soul 全心全意 单句语法填空 ‎①Although beaten by the opposite team, they didn't lose ________(heart)．‎ ‎②He lost his heart ________ playing football.‎ ‎③Though he put his heart ________ writing poems, it seemed as if nothing had been achieved.‎ 单句写作 ‎④作为一名公务员，你应该全心全意为人民服务。‎ As a civil servant, you should serve the people _______________.‎ ‎[答案]　①heart　②to　③into　④heart and soul ‎4．come to power当权；上台；执政 ‎[教材原句]　I did not work again for twenty years until Mr. Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.‎ 在曼德拉先生和非洲民族议会1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。‎ ‎　‎ ‎(1)be in power 当权；执政 come into power 上台；执政；当权 ‎(2)do all/everything in one's power to do sth.‎ 竭尽所能做某事 within one's power 某人力所能及的 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力 单句语法填空 ‎①He has been ________ power for ten years but he doesn't want to leave office.‎ ‎②After he came ________ power, the man devoted most of his time to society work.‎ ‎③I'll do everything in my power ____________(help) you.‎ ‎[答案]　①in　②to　③to help ‎5．set up建立；设立；创办 ‎[教材原句]　set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg 设立律师事务所，为约翰内斯堡的贫穷黑人提供帮助 set down 记下；写下 23‎ set aside 把……放在一边；省出；留出 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 set out 出发；动身；着手做 set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth.‎ 开始做某事 选用上述短语填空 ‎①You'd better ____________ what your teacher said in class.‎ ‎②The moment he arrived home, he ____________ reading the book.‎ ‎③The young man hopes he'll ____________ his own business some day.‎ ‎④The children ____________ fireworks during the festival.‎ 单句写作 ‎⑤《中国好歌曲》搭建了一个舞台，在这里一些人可以实现他们的梦想。‎ TheSongofChina has _____________________________‎ where some people can achieve their dreams.‎ ‎[答案]　①set down　②set about　③set up　④set off ‎⑤set up a stage ‎6．“the first time”引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。‎ ‎(1)the first time“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎①He became interested in the young teacher's lesson ____________ he attended his class.‎ 他第一次上课时就对这位年轻老师的课感兴趣。‎ ‎(2)It is the first time＋that从句(从句中通常使用现在完成时态)和It was the first time＋that从句(从句中通常使用过去完成时态)，意为“这是第一次……”，其中that可省略。‎ ‎②It was the first time (that) he ____________ several leaders of the Western Hemisphere at one time.‎ 这是他首次在同一时间会见多位西半球国家领导人。‎ ‎③It is the first time that I ____________ such an interesting book.‎ 这是我第一次读这么有趣的书。‎ ‎[答案]　①the first time　②had met　③have read ‎[知识顾问]　(1)for the first time意为“首次；第一次”，表示有生以来或一段时间内第一次做某事，在句中一般单独作状语。‎ 23‎ ‎(2)at the first time是介词短语，意为“在第一次”，仅仅是指出时间顺序，一般情况下已有多件同类型的事件发生过，而此处仅仅指的是第一次发生的时候，不强调“独一无二”。‎ 语境串考点 ‎(短文改错)‎ John had just set about his factory at first time I met him. He beged me to manage his business. As soon as I came to the power, I set out to educating the workers, who were not allowed to escape the classroom. Finally my efforts were reward. All the workers were so educating that they raised the production. Because of higher quality, the goods sold well. ‎ Through my experience, I know “if you don't lose your heart, you'll succeed in time.”‎ ‎[答案]　‎ John had just set his factory first time I met him. He me to manage his business. As soon as I came to power, I set out to the workers, who were not allowed to escape the classroom. Finally my efforts were . All the workers were so that they raised the production. Because of quality, the goods sold well. ‎ Through my experience, I know “if you don't lose heart, you'll succeed in time.”‎ Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water ________(qualify)．‎ ‎[答案]　quality ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)For many who made it to Dawson, however, the ________(reward) were worth the difficult trip.‎ ‎[答案]　rewards ‎3．(2017·江苏卷)In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly ‎ 23‎ ‎________ rural areas and lowest in highly ________ urban areas.(educate)‎ ‎[答案]　educated; educated ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too ________(violence) for use at the table.‎ ‎[答案]　violent ‎5．Behaving in this ________(self) and ________(devote) manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years.‎ ‎[答案]　selfless; devoted ‎6．Although he made a serious mistake in his work，he was lucky to escape ________(fire) by his boss.‎ ‎[答案]　being fired ‎7．I don't think he is equal to ________(do) this kind of work, so I can't hire him.‎ ‎[答案]　doing ‎8．The escaped driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and ________(sentence) to up to 3 years in prison.‎ ‎[答案]　be sentenced ‎9．Qinghua university，________(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ ‎[答案]　founded ‎10．He was ________ great trouble，so he had to turn ________ his exwife for help, ________ made him so depressed.‎ ‎[答案]　in; to; which Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for on his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉on ‎2．Although he didn't pass the exam he didn't lose his heart.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉his ‎3．The little girl was so excited to be taken abroad the first time.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在abroad后加for ‎4．It was generous for her to pay for us that day.____________‎ ‎[答案]　第一个for→of 23‎ ‎5．This was a time which there were no TV sets and mobile phones.____________‎ ‎[答案]　which→when ‎6．The time he has devoted in the past ten years to help the disabled is now considered to be of great value.____________‎ ‎[答案]　help→helping ‎7．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours they make a decision.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在hours后加did ‎8．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.____________‎ ‎[答案]　去掉when ‎9．This position is equal suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has work experience.____________‎ ‎[答案]　equal→equally ‎10．She pretended to be calm but as matter of fact she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned.____________‎ ‎[答案]　在as后加a Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子 ‎1．国庆节见证了人们在街上唱歌跳舞。(see)‎ National Day __________________________________ and dancingin the street.‎ ‎[答案]　saw people singing ‎2．只有这样我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(倒装句)‎ Only in this way _________________________________________ comfortable andbeautiful surroundings.‎ ‎[答案]　can we live in ‎3．第一次失去我最好的朋友的时候，我以为世界末日到了。(the first time)‎ ‎_________________________________________, I thought it was the end of the world.‎ ‎[答案]　The first time I lost my best friend ‎4．他是最后一个离开教室的学生。(序数词＋名词＋to do)‎ He was the _________________________________________ the classroom.‎ ‎[答案]　last student to leave ‎5．这是一个我不愿上学的时期。(It is/was a time when...)‎ 23‎ It was ___________________________ I hated to go to school.‎ ‎[答案]　a time when ‎6．既然你不能回答这个问题，我会去问别人。(since)‎ ‎_________________________________________ the question，I will ask others.‎ ‎[答案]　Since you can't answer 高考题型分组训练 阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·浙江卷)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to RobinsonCrusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam－powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.‎ In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the MonaLisa.‎ How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half－dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself 23‎ ‎ a lasting one.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过叙述查尔斯·狄更斯对文学作品的贡献，呼吁读者在狄更斯200周年诞辰来临之际，纪念狄更斯。‎ ‎1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?‎ A．They were difficult to understand.‎ B．They were popular among the rich.‎ C．They were seen as nearly worthless.‎ D．They were written mostly by women.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。题目要求找出最能描述18世纪小说特点的选项，由文章第一段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad(小说在很大程度上被认为是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者简直有害至极)．”可知，当时小说在人们心中毫无价值，因此选C。A选项中的difficult to understand以及B选项中的among the rich在文章中并没有出现，故排除A、B两项。D选项中的mostly by women错误，文章中“often with something like ‘By a lady’”只是举例说明有些作品没有作者名字，而非小说主要由女士所著，因此排除D。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎2．Dickens is compared with the MonaLisa in the text to stress ________.‎ A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature ‎[解析]　推理判断题。第二段中“Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是无可匹敌的；和卢浮宫的《蒙娜丽莎》相比是因为《蒙娜丽莎》很重要，这样更突出狄更斯的重要性。再结合第三段查尔斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的原因是他在文学方面的成就，故不难推测选D。文章没有说狄更斯在法国的名声，因此排除A项；B选项中的his interest in modern art在文中未被提及，因此排除B项；C选项中的in publication错误，因为本段主要讲述狄更斯在文学上的成就，所以排除C项。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To remember a great writer.‎ B．To introduce an English novel.‎ C．To encourage studies on culture.‎ D．To promote values of the Victorian age.‎ ‎[解析]　‎ 23‎ 写作意图题。由文章最后一段最后一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年诞辰之际，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己拥有持续影响力的，因此A项“纪念一个伟大的作家”正确。文章主要讲述狄更斯的文学影响力，而非介绍他的一篇英文小说，因此排除B项；C选项“鼓励有关文化方面的研究”与文章主题不符，因此排除C项；D选项范围太广，与文章对狄更斯的介绍不符，因此排除D项。‎ ‎[答案]　A B ‎(2018·山东郯城二中教学质量监测)There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter—not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, TheTaleofPeterRabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.‎ ‎“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family, but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals，” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW－Madison School of Library and Information Studies.‎ ‎“As an adult, she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female，” Lundin said. Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in all—a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.‎ ‎“TheTaleofPeterRabbit is probably the most famous children's book in the world, which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time. It's been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation，” said Lundin.‎ Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century，” said Lundin.‎ ‎“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern—her embracing of the natural world，” commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show PeterRabbitTales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了Beatrix Potter的故事，Beatrix 23‎ ‎ Potter不仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。‎ ‎4．What helped Beatrix Potter to write TheTaleofPeterRabbit successfully?‎ A．Her life and work experiences.‎ B．Her specialty in animated(动画) pictures.‎ C．Her success in becoming a botanical scientist.‎ D．Her interest in animals in childhood alone.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“she was like Peter Rabbit，venturing into a world of adventure and risk”(她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险)可知，Beatrix Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎5．What does the word “frustrated” in the third paragraph mean?‎ A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.‎ C．Motivated. D．Inspired.‎ ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“That field was not open to her because she was female”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以Beatrix Potter是比较沮丧的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎6．What is Beatrix Potter?‎ A．A botanist and artist.‎ B．An extremely important farmer and successful scientist.‎ C．A writer, conservationist and farmer.‎ D．An artistic director.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第一段中“not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world's most famous children's books, TheTaleofPeterRabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist，”以及倒数第二段中“became an extremely important farmer and conservationist”可知，Beatrix Potter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护者和农民。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎7．Why does the author write the article?‎ A．In celebration of Potter's 150th birthday.‎ B．In honour of Potter's new contributions.‎ C．In praise of Potter's spirit of selflessness.‎ D．In support of Potter's book promotions.‎ 23‎ ‎[解析]　写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern”及“an artistic director of the show PeterRabbitTales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter's birth”可知，这篇文章是为了怀念Potter，为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A C Stephen Hawking Warns Humans Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.‎ Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”‎ Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．‎ According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics(天体物理学)‎ 23‎ ‎ and cosmology(宇宙学)．”‎ Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation(滥伐森林), and decimation(大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking(考虑不周的) lot.”‎ The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe(航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold(开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.‎ 语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。‎ ‎8．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?‎ A．To send people to Mars.‎ B．To build a lunar base.‎ C．To send astronauts to the Moon.‎ D．To change the future of humanity.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎9．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．speeded up B．stored C．used up D．explored ‎[解析]　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎10．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?‎ 23‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.‎ C．Positive. D．Indifferent.‎ ‎[解析]　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎11．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.‎ A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。‎ ‎[答案]　A D ‎(2018·辽宁沈阳高三教学质量监测一)Hillary failed to be president of America, but she never fails to serve America all her life.‎ Hillary Diane Rodham was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947，daughter of Hugh and Dorothy Rodham. She and her two younger brothers grew up in Park Ridge, Illinois. An excellent student, she was also a Girl Scout and a member of the local Methodist youth group. Hillary also enjoyed sports and was always interested in politics.‎ She entered Wellesley College in 1965. Graduating with high honors, she moved on to Yale Law School, where she served on the Board of Editors of the Yale Review 23‎ ‎ of Law and Social Action. While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families. It was there that she met Bill Clinton, a fellow student.‎ Hillary left Washington and followed her heart to Arkansas, marrying Bill Clinton in 1975. The couple taught together on the law school of the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. Their daughter, Chelsea, was born in 1980.‎ As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary continued to work tirelessly on behalf of children and families. In addition to chairing the Arkansas Education Standards Committee, she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families. She introduced a pioneering program called the Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters into Arkansas, which trained parents to work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy. Hillary also served on the board of the Arkansas Children's Hospital. In recognition of her professional and personal accomplishments, Hillary was named Arkansas Woman of the Year in 1983 and Arkansas Mother of the Year in 1984.‎ Women's International Center proudly presented the Living Legacy Award to Hillary Rodham Clinton for her vast contributions in so many fields, especially honoring her work for women and children.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了希拉里的相关情况，包括她的家庭、所受的教育、事业以及为妇女和儿童做出的贡献等。‎ ‎12．Where was it that Hillary began to show her concern for children's interests?‎ A．In Chicago, Illinois.‎ B．At Wellesley College.‎ C．In Washington and Arkansas.‎ D．At Yale Law School.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“While at Yale, she developed her special concern for protecting the best interests of children and their families.”可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益，故D项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎13．Which of the following was set up by Hillary?‎ A．The Arkansas Education Standards Committee.‎ B．The Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families.‎ C．The Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youngsters.‎ 23‎ D．The Arkansas Children's Hospital.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“she founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”，故B项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎14．What can we learn from the passage?‎ A．Bill Clinton and Hillary both graduated from ‎ Wellesley College.‎ B．Bill Clinton and Hillary founded the University of Arkansas.‎ C．Hillary did a great deal for children and women in Arkansas.‎ D．Hillary was interested in sports but not in academic subjects.‎ ‎[解析]　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，在耶鲁法学院时，希拉里就特别关心儿童及其家庭的权益；倒数第二段介绍了希拉里在阿肯色州为妇女和儿童成立了“阿肯色州维护儿童和家庭权益组织”、引进了“学龄前儿童家庭教育”项目；据此可以判断，希拉里在阿肯色州为维护妇女和儿童的权益做出了很大的贡献，故C项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎15．What might be the best title for this passage?‎ A．Hillary's Concern for Children B．A Story Told by Hillary C．A Brief Introduction to Hillary D．Hillary's Contributions ‎[解析]　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段第一句为文章主题句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要对希拉里的相关情况作了简要介绍，故C项为最佳标题。‎ ‎[答案]　C Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2018·全国卷联考提升卷)Let's be honest here: random acts of kindness make us feel good. They make others feel good. They help benefit society in small ways, and those small benefits can turn into huge benefits. Being an everyday hero means willingly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter. __1__ Start with these ideas.‎ Leave a space cleaner than you found it. If you eat out, keep your table clean after you're finished, making it a little easier for your server. At home, keep your things organized. __2__‎ Be kind to strangers. It's well－known that everyone is fighting separate but 23‎ ‎ equally different battles. Although you might not be able to understand or relate to everyone's struggles, you can offer unconditional kindness and patience. __3__ Maybe the fast－food worker has two other jobs and children at home. Although you don't know their situations, kindness is always appreciated.‎ ‎__4__ This can get sticky, and you need to be sensitive to people's wishes. The easiest way to determine whether someone needs help is to ask, and respect their answer. When close friends and loved ones are struggling, your support is to say, “I love you.”‎ ‎__5__ Your local thrift store, Goodwill, or resale shop can provide you more information on this. By donating the things that you don't need, want, or use, you allow another person to benefit from them rather than sending them to a landfill.‎ A．Try to stand up for someone.‎ B．Help someone who's struggling.‎ C．Choose to donate your used things.‎ D．Don't leave messes for others to clean up.‎ E．Maybe the old man deals with chronic pain.‎ F．When you've decided to be a hero, be it right now.‎ G．If you can, take five minutes and be an everyday hero.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。也许我们无法成为一名大英雄，但我们的每一个善举都传递着爱意，会让我们的世界变得更美好。本文就如何成为一个平凡的英雄给出了几点建议。‎ ‎1．[解析]　根据上文“Being an everyday hero means willingly and joyfully choosing random acts of kindness to make the world a bit brighter.”及下文“Start with these ideas.”可知，要成为一名平凡的英雄很简单，如果可以的话，花费五分钟，你就能成为一名平凡的英雄。G项承上启下，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎2．[解析]　根据本段第一句“Leave a space cleaner than you found it.”和上一句“At home, keep your things organized.”可知，D项“不要弄得乱糟糟的留给别人收拾”承接上文，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．[解析]　根据本段第一句“Be kind to strangers.”可知，要善待陌生人。空格下一句举例说明陌生人可能会遇到的情景，E项也是举例说明，符合语境。故选E。‎ ‎[答案]　E ‎4．[解析]　空格处为本段的主题句。根据该段的内容可知，要通过询问的方式去了解一些人是否需要帮助。B项“帮助那些需要帮助的人”符合语境。故选B。‎ 23‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎5．[解析]　根据下文中的“By donating the things that you don't need, want, or use”可知，把自己不想要、不需要或用不上的东西捐赠给别人，与C项中的“donate your used things”相呼应。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C 23‎