高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习6社会文化 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。第三节题组练习A(2017·第三次全国大联考)AskanyAmericanwhathe/sheisdoingonSunday，February7andtheanswerislikelytobeeitherhostingorattendingaSuperBowlParty.PlayedforthetitleoftheNationalFootballLeagueChampion，SuperBowlisthemostwatchedannualtelevisionprogramintheUnitedStates.That’sbecauseSuperBowlwhichiscelebratingitsGoldenAnniversarythisyear，ismorethanjusta60-minutefootballgame—itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays.Butmostimportantofall，itisthedaytosetasidealldietsandenjoyfoodsonewouldnormallyavoidoratleastnotconsumeatthesametime.Itshould，therefore，comeasnosurprisethatSuperBowlSundayisoneofthebiggestfoodconsumptiondaysintheUS—secondonlytoThanksgiving.Thenoshingwillstartearlyintheday，longbeforematchesbeginandcontinuelongafterthe2016NFLChampionshaveretiredtocelebrate.Asaresult，itisestimatedthatonSunday，thenationwillconsume1.2millionpoundsofpotatochips，8.2millionpoundsoftortillachips,3.8millionpoundsofpopcornand3millionpoundsofnuts.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods.Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.Chickenwingsarealsoverypopular.Itisestimatedthatalmost1.3billionwingswillbeconsumedonSuperBowlSunday.Otherfavoritesincludebacon，hotdogsandburgers.Butthefoodconsumptionisnotwithoutconsequences.Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.ItisnowonderthatfanshavebeenurgingthegovernmenttodeclareSuperBowlMondayaholiday.语篇解读　一年一度的美国超级橄榄球杯大赛不仅是全美收视率最高的电视节目，而且超级碗星期天也是美国单日食品消费量最高的节日之一，食品消费量仅次于感恩节。1．WhydoesSuperBowlbecomethemostpopulartelevisionprogram?A．Itisthelongestfootballgame.B．Itishostedbyfamousfilmstars.C．Itcontainsthemostwonderfulads.D．Itinvolvesvariousperformances.答案　D解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“itisawell-designedproductionthatfeatureshalf-timeperformances，fireworksshowsandtelevisionadsthatpeoplediscussfordays”可知选D。2．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“noshing”inParagraph4?A．Playing.B．Eating.C．Competing.D．Resting.答案　B解析　词义猜测题。前后段均介绍在超级橄榄球杯大赛期间食品的消费情况，由此判断选B。3．Whichcomfortfoodisconsumedthemost?A．Hotdogs.B．Pizza.C．Nuts.D．Chickenwings.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第六段前两句“Whentherealhungerpainsstarttohit，theywillseekoutcomfortfoods.Notsurprisingly，pizzatopsthelist.”可知选B。4．WhatbadresultmightSuperBowlSundayleadto?A．Lotsoffoodiswasted.B．Publicdisorderiscaused.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．Somepeoplehaveanupsetstomach.D．Manypeoplelosetheirwork.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据末段中“Datareleasedindicatesthatantacid(解酸药)salesincreaseby20%ontheMondayfollowingthebiggame.Additionally，oversevenmillionAmericanscallinsick.”可知人们会因为毫无顾忌地大吃大喝而生病。故选C。B(2017·福建师大附中期中)Thewalletisheadingforextinction.Asaday-to-dayessential，itwilldieoffwiththegenerationwhoreadprintnewspapers.Thekindofshopping，whereyouhandovernotesandcountoutchangeinreturn，nowhappensonlyinthemostminorofourretailers(零售商)，likebuyingabarofchocolateorapintofmilkfromacornershop.Attheshopswhereyouspendanyrealmoney，thatmoneyisincreasinglyabstracted.Andthisismoreandmoretrue，thehigherupthescaleyougo.Atthemostcutting-edge(前沿的)retailstores，VictoriaBeckhamonDoverStreet，forinstance，youdon’tgoandstandatanykindofcashregisterwhenyoudecidetopay.ThestaffareequippedwithiPadstotakeyourpaymentwhileyourelaxonasofa.Acrosssociety，theabstractionoftheideaofcashmakesmeuneasy.MaybeI’mjustold-fashioned.Butearningmoneyisn’tquickoreasyformostofus.Isn’titabitweird(怪异)thatspendingitshouldhappeninhalfablink(眨眼)ofaneye？Doesn’tawallet—thattime-honoredFriday-nightfeelingofpleasing，promisingfatness—representsomethingthatmatters?ButI’llleavetheeconomicstotheexperts.Whatbothersmeaboutthedeathofthewalletisthechangeitrepresentsinourphysicalenvironment.Everythingaboutthelookandfeelofawallet，thewaythematerialswearandtearandloosenwithage，theplasticandpaperandgoldandsilver，andhandwrittenphonenumbersandprintedcinematickets，istheveryoppositeofwhatourworldisbecoming.TheoppositeofawalletisasmartphoneoraniPad.Theroundededges，coolglass，smoothandunknowableasapebble(鹅卵石)．Insteadofdiggingthroughpiecesofpaper，wemoveourfingersleftandright.Nomorecountingoutcoins.Showyourwallet，ifyoustillhaveone.Itmaynotbeheremuchlonger.语篇解读　文章叙述了现代社会，人们的支付方式逐步电子化，传统的钱包正走向消失。作者对于这种现象所代表的社会发展趋势感到不安。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。5．Whatishappeningtothewallet?A．Itisdisappearing.B．Itisbecomingcostly.C．Itisbeingfattened.D．Itischanginginstyle.答案　A解析　细节理解题。由文章首句“Thewalletisheadingforextinction.”可知，钱包正在消失。故选A。6．Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortablenowadays?A．Savingmoneyisbecomingathingofthepast.B．ThepleasingFriday-nightfeelingisfading.C．Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.D．Earningmoneyisgettingmoredifficult.答案　C解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段前四句可知，金钱概念的抽象化使作者不安，挣钱不容易但在瞬间就会花掉很多钱。故选C。7．Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A．Heisresistanttosocialchanges.B．Heisagainsttechnologicalprogress.C．Hewantstosaygoodbyetothetraditionalwallet.D．Hefeelsinsecureintheever-changingmodernworld.答案　D解析　推理判断题。本文主要叙述了传统的钱包在消失，人们的支付方式在发生巨大的变化，作者对于不断改变的社会感到不安。故选D项。C(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学五模)EveryyearinAmerica，high-schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest，orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreisanimportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeasuresone’smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.Traditionally，theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadingcomprehension.ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion，tobeansweredinanessay，hand-writtenonthespot.That’saninterestingwaytotestwritingability，but10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。contentaside，haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Yettoday’skidsareaskedtowrite，thoughtfullyandclearly，forseveralminutesonthisSATTest.Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythescrawl(潦草的字迹)ofyoungpeoplewho’vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree！Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers.Anddon’tforget，weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime，ascomputersgodownwhenpowergoesout.Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting？Well，withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyourhandwriting.Positionthepen.Youshouldholdthepenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb，thenrestitnearthefirstknuckle(指节)ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled(卷曲)underyourhandandyourhandshouldremainrelaxed.Evaluateyourwriting.Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy-looking.Practice.Practiceitalot;it’snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest.Ithastobesomethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements.语篇解读　文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题——当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。8．Theunderlinedword“scribble”inParagraph2probablymeans“”．A．writequicklyandroughlyB．typesimplyandcorrectlyC．paintclearlyandneatlyD．describeproperlyandwell答案　A解析　词义猜测题。由“...haveyoueverseenyoungpeople’shandwritinglately？Oranyone’sforthatmatter，inthisageofcomputerkeyboards？Studentswritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.”可推知学生在课堂上记笔记非常潦草。故选A。9．AccordingtoParagraph3，studentswithgoodhandwritingskill.A．canpasstheSATB．candevelopgoodcharactersC．canimpresstheirclassmatesD．cangetmorejobopportunities答案　D解析　细节理解题。由该段第三句“Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone’sscoreontheSAT，butalso，lateroninlife，impresspotentialemployers.”可知选D。10．Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwhenimprovingyourhandwriting?A．Practicingwritingalot.B．Writingasfastasyoucan.C．Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen.D．Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据最后四段的内容可知B项是书写时应该避免的。故选B。11．Thetextistopresentthefactthat.A．writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB．thosewhowillgotocollegehavetotaketheSATC．studentsshouldpracticehandwritingmoreoftenD．kidsdon’tknowhowtowriteinthecomputerage答案　C解析　推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达，引入话题——当前学生不注重书写。此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。故选C。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。D(2017·贵州遵义航天高级中学四模)Fightingracialstereotypes(模式化)onUScampusesoftenbeginsbyputtingstudentsofdifferentethnicbackgroundstogether—underonedormitoryroof.SamBoakyewasafreshmanatOhioStateUniversityandtheonlyblackstudentonhisfloor.Hewasdeterminedtogetgoodgrades—inparttomakesurehiswhiteroommatehadnobasisfornegativeracialviews.“You’repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，”hetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthathavingaroommateofadifferentracecanreduceprejudice(偏见)，diversify(使多样化)friendshipsandevenpromotestudents’academicperformance.InastudybyOhioStatepsychologyprofessorRussellFazio，blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhightestscoresearnedbettergradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate’stestscoreswerelow.AnotherstudyonstudentinteractionbyDukeUniversitysuggeststhatfreshmenwithroommatesofadifferentracewerethemostlikelytodiversifytheirfriendships.“Justhavingdiversityinclassroomsdoesn’tdoanythingtoincreaseinterracialfriendships，”saidClaudiaBuchman，anauthoroftheDukestudy.“Butlivingtogetherwithadifferent-raceroommatedoesleadtomoreinterracialfriendships.”Thereare，however，someproblemswithsuchroomassignments.Fazio’sstudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomly(随机地)assignedinterracialroommatesweren’tlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester，comparedwithwhiteroommates.Interracialroommatesalsospentlesstimetogether，hadfewerjointactivitiesandwerelessinvolvedwitheachother’sfriendsthanwhitepairs.AsforBoakye，thisisnotthecase.“Alotofwhitestudentscomewithoutmuchexposure(暴露)todiversity，sowhentheirfirstinteractionwithablackguyisn’tbad，theywillmakemoreblackfriends.IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.’Thatfeltgood.”语篇解读　美国大学校园为了抵制种族模式化，专门把不同种族文化背景的人放在同一个寝室里，这样做经过研究后发现利大于弊。12．HavingaroommateofadifferentracecanhavethefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A．makingmorefriendsB．reducingprejudiceC．earningbettergradesD．improvingphysicalhealth答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二、三段的描述可知A、B、C三项都有提及，唯一没提到的是D项。故选D。13．SamBoakyewasdeterminedtogetgoodgradespartlybecause.A．hewantedtoprovehewasasmartboyB．heintendedtopleasehisparentsC．hewishedtoearnthescholarshipD．hewantedtoshowblackpeopleareassmartaswhitepeople答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“‘You’repushedtodobetter，tochallengethestereotypethatblackpeoplearenotthatsmart，’hetoldtheNewYorkTimes.”可知他是想证明他跟白人一样聪明。故选D。14．WecanconcludethatBoakye.A．gotalongwellwithhiswhiteroommateB．sharedfewerjointactivitieswithhiswhiteroommateC．hadanegativeattitudetowardshiswhiteroommateD．isstilllivingtogetherwithhisfreshmanwhiteroommate答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IthinkImadeagoodimpressiononmyfreshmanroommate.Isawhimthisyear，andhesaid，‘Heydude，you’renottheonlyblackfriendIhave.’Thatfeltgood.”可知，他跟室友相处得很好。故选A。15．The4thparagraphismainlyabout.A．theinterracialfriendshipB．someproblemswithhavinganinterracialroommateC．somecommentsontheinterracialroommatesD．theinteractionbetweentheblackstudentandthewhitestudent答案　B解析　段落大意题。该段主要是讲不同种族文化的学生在一个寝室产生的问题。故选B。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewereanAmerican(America)．2．Industryandagriculturearethetwoimportantsectorsofthenational(nation)economy.3．Thehotelhadagrandcelebration(celebrate)foritsopening.4．Proposaliseasierthanperformance(perform)．5．Thepatientbegantobreathenormally(normal)．6．Shegavethelidafewtapstoloosen(loose)it.7．I’veaskedhimtoshorten(short)mytrousers.8．Shehastheability(able)tokeepcalminanemergency.9．Anewlawhasbeenbroughtintodiscourageracial(race)prejudice.10．Hergentlenesshasgivenmeadeepimpression(impress)．Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．setaside　　　　　　留出；把……放置一旁2．atthesametime同时；然而3．seekout找出；搜出4．headfor前往；出发5．作为报答inreturn6．立刻；当场onthespot7．被描述成……bedescribedas8．坚决；下决心做某事bedeterminedtodosth.B．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Thepolicemanarrestedthethiefonthespot.2．Hewasdeterminedtoholdontothisjobwhateverdifficultieshemightruninto.3．Happinesscanbedescribedasapositivemoodandapleasantstateofmind.4．Thelittlegirlgavemeabighuginreturnformyhelp.5．Heisheadingfortroubleifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.6．I’mafraidwemustsetasideyourrequestformoreequipment.7．Isawtwoboysrisingtotheirfeetatthesametime.8．Gotoseekthemoutandconnectwiththem.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写1．ItisnowonderthatfanshavebeenurgingthegovernmenttodeclareSuperBowl10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Mondayaholiday.句式分析　Itisnowonderthat...难怪……。翻译　难怪粉丝们一直强烈要求政府宣布超级碗星期一为假期。仿写　他成功了是不足为奇的。Itisnowonderthatheshouldhavesucceeded.2．Butlivingtogetherwithadifferent-raceroommatedoesleadtomoreinterracialfriendships.句式分析　本句中does用来强调动词短语leadto。翻译　但是，和不同种族的室友住在一块确实促成更多的种族间的友谊。仿写　昨天，他确实向我道歉了。Hedidmakeanapologytomeyesterday./Hedidapologizetomeyesterday.10