高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习3环境保护 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。环境保护A(2017·第二次全国大联考)ItseemedthatwhatIhavefearedinthepasthasbecometrueeventually.Inthelast19yearsIhavetakenAmericanstudentstomanyChinesecities.TheairpollutioninBeijingandotherbigcitieswevisitedhavebeensimplyshocking.EverytimewhenmystudentscommentedabouttheairqualityinChinaandhowtheymissedtheblueskiesintheUSmyhearthurts.Infact，IdidnotexpectthatChinesegovernmentortheChinesepeoplewouldhaveacceptedmyadvicein1994whenIfirstraisedthatquestion，orin1997whenIpublishedthearticleinChinaandtheworld.IunderstoodthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthbecauseIsawandlivedthroughitintheUS.In2006，oneofthereaderswhoreadmyarticleonlinecommentedwithangerthatsomeoneactuallywarnedaboutthepotentialproblemsoftheuncontrolledspreadofprivatecars，andnothinghappened.ForthemajorityofChinesepeoplewhodidnothavecars，andwhowereadmiringthewondersandcomfortcarsbringingtolife，thetemptationofcarswasirresistibleatthetime.IhadayoungChinesefriendwhenIwasstudyinginBoston.Heboughtacarbeforehelearnedhowtodrive.Hestartedtodrivethefirstnighthegotthecarbeforehehadadriverlicense.Thepolicecaughthimdrivinghiscararound2：00inthemorningintheneighborhood.ThepolicedecidedtolethimgobecausehetoldthepolicethathecamefromChina，andthatithadbeenhisdreamtoownanddriveacar.Nowhehadacar，andhesimplycouldnotsleepanymore.Hewastooeagertodrivehiscar.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。NowtheChinesegovernmentandChinesepeopleseewiththeirowneyeswhatharmstheuncontrolledownershipofcarcandototheircitiesandtheirhealth.IhopethattheChinesepeopleandChinesegovernmentwouldbeabletotakesomedrasticmeasurestodealwiththisairpollutionproblemswhichthreatentheirownhealthnow.语篇解读　本文作者讲到了中国现在极差的空气质量正是他之前所预料的，委婉地指出了过去中国政府对大气污染不够重视，政策和措施不到位。面对当前的雾霾天气，作者希望中国政府和人民采取严厉措施来处理大气污染问题。1．Wheredoestheauthorprobablycomefrom?A．China.B．America.C．Notmentioned.D．I’mnotsure.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“IunderstoodthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthbecauseIsawandlivedthroughitintheUS.”可知作者是美国人。故选B。2．Theunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphmeans.A．hedrovehiscarcarelesslyB．hedidn’tlikedrivinghiscarC．hewantedtodrivehiscaratonceD．hewassoeagerthathecouldn’tdrivehiscar答案　C解析　句意理解题。根据画线句前面的“...thatithadbeenhisdreamtoownanddriveacar.Nowhehadacar，andhesimplycouldnotsleepanymore.”可知，他非常渴望开车。从语法角度考虑“tooeagertodo”表示肯定意义。故选C。3．Fromthepassagewecaninfer.A．theChinesefriendbegantodrivehiscarwithoutadriverlicenseB．theauthorpredictedthepotentialharmsofcarstohumanhealthat19C．theChinesefriendbegantodrivehiscarassoonashegotadriverlicenseD．inthepasttheChinesegovernmenttookmanymeasurestopreventairpollution答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知D项错误；根据第二段的内容可知作者在90年代就预测到雾霾对中国人的健康有危害，而不是19岁时，所以B项错误；根据第四段中的句子“Heboughtacarbeforehelearnedhowtodrive.Hestartedtodrivethefirstnighthegotthecarbeforehehadadriverlicense.”可知C项与文章矛盾，A项正确。故选A。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Theauthor’sconcernwasnecessary.B．Airpollutionproblemsneedtobesolved.C．Somereaderonceblamedtheauthor’sarticle.D．TheairqualityofChinaismorethansatisfying.答案　D解析　细节理解题。纵观全文，都是围绕着中国的空气质量差进行叙述，故D项与文章意思矛盾。故选D。B(2017·山西重点中学协作体模拟)Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.However，whetheryouareonthemountains，inthewaves，oronthegrassland，youshouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golf，asyoumayknow，eatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountryside，butalsotonsofwater.Besides，allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.Forexample，inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain，golfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes；andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfree，powerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularly，itwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxious，sleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeup，youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe“greengyms”．Theyarebetterreplacements(代替物)fortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoors，inthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofall，it’sfree.语篇解读　文章简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动，如高尔夫；也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动，如powerwalking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。5．Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A．Playingbasketballinagym.B．Motorracinginthedesert.C．Cyclingaroundalake.D．Swimminginasportscenter.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Whateversportyoutakeup，youcanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe‘greengyms’．”可知作者主张绿色运动。C属于绿色运动，故为正确答案。6．Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A．ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B．Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.C．Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D．Itcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworld.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后三句“Besides，allsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses(球场)ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.Forexample，inthedryregionsofPortugalandSpain，golfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.”可知选B。7．Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause.A．itusesfewerresourcesB．itimprovesourhealthC．itisanoutdoorsportD．itisrecommendedbyexperts答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段前三句“Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes；andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.”可知这是一项耗费资源很少的运动。故选A。8．Theauthorwritesthepassageto.A．showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB．encourageustogoinforgreensports9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD．introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysports答案　B解析　写作目的题。文章中简述了一些对资源耗费较多的运动，如高尔夫；也讲述了一些不怎么耗费资源的运动，如powerwalking。文章的主旨就是为了让我们绿色运动。故选B。C(2017·福建漳州八校联考)Thinkaboutwhatyouhadforlunch:Wasitahamburger？Achickensandwich？Barbecue？Whataboutvegetables？Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthatwhatyoueatcanaffectthewholeplanet?Itcan—inabigway.Newstudiesshowhowfoodanditsproductionaffecttheglobeanditswarmingclimate.You’veprobablyheardofglobalwarming.Thetemperatureisontherisebecausehumankindhasbeenreleasing(排放)amountsofgasesintotheatmosphere.Oneofthesegreenhousegasesiscarbondioxide(二氧化碳)．Whatdoesthishavetodowithfood？Abigpartofthecarbondioxidethatweputintheatmosphereeveryyearcomesfromtheprocessofmakingandeatingfood.Theproductionofmeatcontributesalotofthatcarbondioxide.Andmuchofmeat’scontributioncomesfrombeef，whichisresponsibleforreleasingevenmorewarminggasesintotheatmosphere.Theprocessofmakingahamburger，forexample，requiresalotofenergy.Acowhastobefedandraisedonfarmland，andcowwasteisamajorsourceofmethane(沼气)—anespeciallypowerfulgreenhousegas.Thecowhastobekilled.Themeathastobeprocessedandshippedtoashop，whichtakesfuel.Mostofthecowwon’tevenbeusedformeatthatpeopleeat.Bythetimeahamburgerfinallylandsonadinnerplate，ithasmadeaheavyeffectontheenvironment.Wecanreducetheproductionofglobal-warminggasesbyeatinglessbeef.Otherkindsofmeatlikeporkandchickendolessharmtotheenvironment—atleastintermsoftheamountofgreenhousegasesreleased.Allkindsofmeatareharderontheplanetthanvegetables.Togrowandeatapoundofpotatoes，forexample，sendslessthanone-quarterpoundofcarbondioxideintotheair.Sochangingourdiettolessmeatandmorevegetables，asitturnsout，maydotheworldsomegood.语篇解读　文章介绍了人们的饮食会引起温室效应，特别是肉类加工会排放温室气体，作者建议人们改变对环境不利的饮食方式。9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。9．Thequestionsaskedinthefirstparagraphareusedto.A．showtheauthor’sconcernaboutfoodsafetyB．expresstheauthor’spuzzlementatwhattoeatC．introducethetopictobediscussedinthepassageD．remindreadersofsomethingdelicioustoeat答案　C解析　推理判断题。文章第一段提出一系列关于我们饮食的问题，由第二段前两句“Itcan—inabigway.Newstudiesshowhowfoodanditsproductionaffecttheglobeanditswarmingclimate.”可知，这些问题是为了引出话题。故选C。10．Whatisthebadnewsformeat-eaters?A．Mostcowsareraisednotforpeopletoeat.B．Meatproducingcontributestoglobalwarming.C．Thereisalotofcarbondioxideinthemeatweeat.D．Animalsbegintodieoffbecauseofglobalwarming.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三、四句“Theproductionofmeatcontributesalotofthatcarbondioxide.Andmuchofmeat’scontributioncomesfrombeef，whichisresponsibleforreleasingevenmorewarminggasesintotheatmosphere.”可知，对于食肉的人来说坏消息是肉类生产会导致全球气温变暖。故选B。11．Whichisthemostenvironment-friendlyfoodaccordingtothepassage?A．Carrot.B．Beef.C．Pork.D．Chicken.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，蔬菜比肉类制造的二氧化碳要少，所以蔬菜更环保。故选A。D(2017·湖南浏阳一中期中)Thenamesoundsfunnybuttheideaisnojoke:it’sapersonaltoiletcalledthePeepoo.AndersWilhelmson，aSwedisharchitect，istheinventorofthePeepoo.Hebecameinterestedintheideaofsanitationaftertakingpartinaresearchprojectonthesocialandpoliticaldevelopmentofcities.Oneofthemostcommonproblemshefoundindevelopingcountrieswasthelackoftoilets.Hewantedtodo9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。somethingtohelp.Soworkingwithothers，hestartedtheprojectin2005，andthenextyearstartedacompanycalledPeepoople.Thetoiletisasingle-usebagmadeofenvironmentallyfriendlyplastics.Theinsideistreatedwithurea(尿素)，achemicalcommonlyusedasfertilizer.Thehottertheweather，themorequicklythewasteturnsintowhatisneededbyplants.Thesanitationprocesscanbeassoonasacoupleofhoursoraslongastwotofourweeks.Youcanjustburyitinapotandgrowwhateveryoulike.ThecompanyexpectstostartsellingthebagsinAugustinKenyaandBangladesh，butitisjustbeginningproductionandsalesinNairobinow.FullproductioncouldreachabouthalfamillionbagsadayandpeoplemaybeabletobuythePeepooincountrieslikeVietnam，Bangladesh，etc.TheUnitedNationssaysmorethantwoandahalfbillionpeoplearoundtheworlddonothavegoodsanitation.Manyhavenochoicebuttousetheoutdoors，whichisnotonlybadfortheenvironment，butalsoharmfultopeople’shealth.Eachyear，poorsanitationleadstothreefifthsofthosepeoplegettinganinfectiousdiseasewhichonaveragecausesoneoutof1,000patientstodie.JackSmith，thefounderoftheWorldToiletOrganization，says，“Thisisquiteanunacceptablesituationgiventhefactthatwearelivinginthemodernworld，andstrangely，manyofthemowntelevisions，phonesbuthavenotoilets.”语篇解读　文章介绍了环保厕所Peepoo，它解决了发展中国家缺乏厕所的问题，并且可以被用来种植植物，可谓一举两得。12．WhatwastheoriginalpurposeofAndersWilhelmsoninstartingthecompany?A．Toprotectthelocalenvironment.B．Toearnalotofmoneyfromtheproject.C．Todoresearchonthesocialdevelopment.D．Tohelpsolvetheproblemoflackoftoiletsindevelopingcountries.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句“Oneofthemostcommonproblemshefoundindevelopingcountrieswasthelackoftoilets.Hewantedtodosomethingtohelp.”可知选D。13．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthePeepoofromthepassage?A．Itcanbeusedoveragain.B．Itssanitationprocessdoesn’tlastlong.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．Itworksbetterinsummerthaninwinter.D．Itshouldbeburiedinapotafterbeingused.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Thehottertheweather，themorequicklythewasteturnsintowhatisneededbyplants.”可知选C。14．Thefifthparagraphiswrittenmainlytotellusthat.A．poorsanitationmaycausemanyproblemsB．manypeopledon’tcarefortheenvironmentC．manypeoplegetillfromusingtheoutdoorsD．quiteanumberofpeoplediefrompoorsanitation答案　A解析　段落大意题。该段主要说明了卫生系统不好会产生的恶劣影响。故选A。15．Theunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto“”．A．theoutdoorsbeingdamagedB．manyplacesbeingshortoftoiletsC．manypeoplehavingTVsandphonesD．manypeoplegettinganinfectiousdisease答案　B解析　代词指代题。根据上下文，这里的this指的是许多发展中国家的家庭没有厕所的情况。故选B。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Heeventually(eventual)escapedandmadehiswaybacktoEngland.2．Theythoughthewasavisitor(visit)ofgreatimportance.3．Onlyonereader(read)canactuallyusethechannelatthistime.4．Sheusuallywritesaboutenvironmental(environment)issues.5．Russiausedtobeaverypowerful(power)country.6．Weshouldmakeabetteruseoftheexistingequipment(equip)．7．Therisingsunisespecially(especial)beautifultolookatfromthisangle.8．Ihavesomethingpersonal(person)todiscusswithyou.9．Heiscommonly(common)believedtobeanhonestman.10．Heisthefounder(found)oftheorganization.9 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．livethrough　　　　　　度过；经历过2．dealwith处理；涉及；做生意3．comefrom来自；源自4．beharmfulto对……有害5．接触；和……取得联系getintouchwith6．吃光eatup7．对……有利begoodfor8．利用，处理dowithB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Hewassohungrythatheateuphismealatastretch.2．Freshairisgoodforyourhealth.3．Fruitjuicescanbeharmfultochildren’steeth.4．You’llhavetogetintouchwiththeboss.5．Thegovernmentshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestolivethroughthiseconomiccrisis.6．Whatwillyoudowiththesegreenflowers?7．Mostofthesechildrencomefrombrokenfamilies.8．Ihaveahugepileofletterstodealwith.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写ItseemedthatwhatIhavefearedinthepasthasbecometrueeventually.句式分析　Itseems/seemedthat...……好像/看来……翻译　看来我过去害怕的事情最终成为了现实。仿写　看来她已经爱上他了。Itseemsthatshehasfalleninlovewithhim.9