【优化指导】（新课标全国） 高考英语总复习 课时作业 18 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。【优化指导】（新课标全国）高考英语总复习课时作业18Unit3必修4一、单项填空1．Accordingtotraditioninsomecountries，______weddingringiswornontheleftringfinger，whichisbelievedtobedirectlyconnectedtotheheart，______symboloflove.A．a；the　　　　　　　　B．the；aC．the；theD．a；a解析：考查冠词的用法。句意：根据某些国家的传统，婚戒被带在左手的无名指上，都认为无名指与心脏连在一起，这是爱的象征。第一个空“the＋名词单数”表示类别；第二个空asymboloflove“爱的象征”，因为这不是唯一的，故用a。答案：B2．Thegraduatecantakethecomputerapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe______mehow.A．teachesB．willteachC．hastaughtD．wouldteach解析：wishthat＋宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气来表示。此处是与将来相反的虚拟语气，因此用woulddosth.或coulddosth.。句意：那个刚毕业的学生能够把电脑拆开后又组装好。我真希望他能教我。答案：D3．Theyare______childrenthattheycan’tlookafterthemselves.A．solittleB．suchlittleC．sosmallD．toosmall解析：such...that...结构。little意为“小的”，如果是表示数量的话，则用so。句意：他们太小不能照顾自己。答案：B4．ThisisMaryspeaking.I’mcallingmainlytoappreciate______mysonformethisafternoon.A．youtolookafterB．yourlookingafterC．youforlookingafterD．youlookedafter解析：考查固定搭配。appreciate8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。doing是固定搭配“感激……”，此处跟了动名词的复合结构，appreciate后不能接人作宾语。句意：我是Mary。我打电话主要是为今天下午你替我照顾儿子向您表示感激之情。答案：B5．Itseemedtomethatshewasindoubt______Timmylivedordied.A．whyB．howC．thatD．whether6．—Haveyoudecidedwhichsubjectyou’llmajorinincollege?—Notyet.There’rethreesubjects______，butIhaven’tmademydecision.A．forchoosingB．beingchosenC．tochoosefromD．tobechosen解析：考查非谓语动词。本题用不定式作定语，表示“在众多的东西中挑选”用choosefrom，在therebe结构中不定式作定语可用主动形式表示被动含义。答案：C7．Manychildrenare______inthecountrysidewhentheirparentsfloodintothecitiesforjobs.A．leftbehindB．leftoffC．leftasideD．leftout解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们的父母涌入城市找工作时许多孩子被留在了家里。leavebehind“把……留下”符合语境。leaveoff“中断，停止”；leaveaside“搁置一边”；leaveout“漏掉”。答案：A8．Itisinfilms______hecreatedthefamousimageofthelonelytramp______peoplelovetothisday.A．that；whoseB．that；thatC．where；thatD．which；whom解析：第一个空是强调句；第二个空是that引导的定语从句，修饰tramp。答案：B9．—Whatdidyoudreamabout?—IdreamtthatI______tothemoon.A．fliedB．hadflied8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．amflyingD．wasflying解析：答语句意：我梦见我飞往月球。B项表示发生在dreamt之前，故不合题意。答案：D10．Itwassaid____________wasall______hesaid.A．that；that；whatB．that；that；thatC．which；it；thatD．that；which；that解析：第一个that是固定句式Itissaidthat...引导主语从句；第二个that是代词，代指那件事情；第三个that引导的是定语从句修饰all。答案：B11．Whenatuniversity，Rossdidmanytravels，someof______placesofinterest，relics，sightsandstyledbuildings.A．whichB．themC．itD．that解析：考查独立主格结构，相当于which引导的非限制性定语从句。此题是陷阱题，很容易错选为A项。答案：B12．Thegovernmentisnowplanningtolocateanewschool______lowincomefamiliesareliving.A．whichB．inwhichC．whereD．aroundwhich解析：where引导的从句在句中作地点状语，表示“在低收入家庭居住的地方”。答案：C13．______andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease，thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure14．—Excuseme，doyouhavethetime?8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。—______.A．Yes，IdoB．Ofcourse，IhaveC．AquartertotenD．Noproblem解析：本题的关键在于对Doyouhavethetime？“几点了？”的理解。答案：C15．—Iwasalmostknockeddownbyacarwhencrossingtheroad.—______inthestreet.A．YoucanneverbetoocarefulB．You’retoocarefulC．YoucanneverbesocarefulD．Youcanneverbeverycareful解析：考查固定搭配。can’ttoo或cannevertoo为固定搭配，表示“再……也不过分”。答案：A二、阅读理解AMothersandothersalwaysliketosaythattohaveafriend，youhavetobeafriend，butarecentstudyshowsthatsomeelementaryschoolstudentshavetroubleknowingwhotheirfriendsreallyare.Sometimes，apersonyoubelievetobeafriendmaynotthinkthesameofyou，andapersonyoudislikemaycountyouamonghisorherfriends.Thescientistsbehindthestudysetouttolearnmoreabouttherelationshipsamongchildreningradesthreethroughsix.Theyasked219youngstersin10classes，allfromthesameschool，howtheyfeltabouttheirclassmates.Alltogether，thatgroupofpeoplerepresented2,313differentpersontopersonrelationships.Ofallthose2,313relationships，thescientistscounted281，whereonechildclaimedanotherasafriend—buttheotherclaimedtodislikethefirstchild.JamesOlsen，apsychologistattheUniversityofTennesseeinMemphiswholedthestudy，saidthatheandhiscolleagueshadn’texpectedittobesocommon.“Theonewayfriendship，wherechildrenbelievethemselvestobefriendswithsomeonewhoactuallydislikesthem，issurprising，”hesaid.Eachchildinthestudywasgivenalistofhisorherclassmates.Theycircledthenamesoftheirfriendsandthenamesofthekidstheylikedleast.Theyalsoshowedhowmuchtheylikedeachpersonbycirclinganumberbetweenoneandsixnextto8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。eachname.Thehigherthenumberwas，themorethepersonwasliked.Thescientistsalsostudiedsocialbehavior.Theysaythatchildrenwhoclaimedfriendshipbutwereactuallydislikedoftenhadpoorsocialskills，likehavingtroubleingettingalongwithothers.Achildwhowasclaimedasafriendeventhoughheorshedislikedthepersonusuallygotalongwellwithothers.Howchildrentreateachothercouldsayalotabouthowthey’llactasgrownups，andtheseearlyrelationshipscanbeimportantindevelopingsocialskills.That’sonereasonwhypsychologistsstudythesocialbehaviorofchildren—togetabetterideaofwhypeopledothethingstheydo.研究发现，小学生的友谊有时不像表面看起来的那样，有些友谊其实是不真实的。1．Childrenareusuallytaughtto______.A．ignorethemselvestowinfriendshipB．carefullyjudgewhocanbetheirfriendsC．befriendlytoothersiftheywantfriendshipD．hidetheirrealfeelingswhenmakingfriends解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Mothersandothersalwaysliketosaythattohaveafriend，youhavetobeafriend...”可知，孩子通常所受的教育是：想要获得友谊，就要对别人友好。答案：C2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Children’sonewayfriendship.B．Thebadrelationshipamongchildren.C．Children’sattitudetowardsfriendship.D．Thetroublethatchildrenhaveinmakingfriends.解析：指代关系题。根据第三段“...whereonechildclaimedanotherasafriend—buttheotherclaimedtodislikethefirstchild.”可知，一个孩子声称别人是他的朋友，而别人却不喜欢他，再由“Theonewayfriendship，wherechildrenbelievethemselvestobefriendswithsomeonewhoactuallydislikesthem，issurprising...”可知，这种单方面的友谊很让人吃惊，故可知it指代的是孩子间单方面的友谊。答案：A3．Fromthestudywecanlearnthatifachildisgivenanumberofsix，sheorhemay______.A．behavebestinstudyB．behaveworstinstudy8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．belikedleastbysomeoneD．belikedmostbysomeone解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Theyalsoshowedhowmuchtheylikedeachpersonbycirclinganumberbetweenoneandsixnexttoeachname.Thehigherthenumberwas，themorethepersonwasliked.”可知，如果一个孩子被给的数字是六，那么这个孩子可能是最受某个孩子喜欢的。答案：D4．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tostresstheimportanceofdevelopingsocialskills.B．Towarnelementaryschoolchildrenofonewayfriendship.C．Toteachelementaryschoolchildrenhowtotellrealfriendship.D．Toreportthatsometimeselementaryschoolchildren’sfriendshipisunreal.解析：作者意图题。根据第一段“Mothersandothersalwaysliketosaythattohaveafriend，youhavetobeafriend，butarecentstudyshowsthatsomeelementaryschoolstudentshavetroubleknowingwhotheirfriendsreallyare.”以及科学家所做的研究可知，此篇文章的目的是向人们表明：小学生的友谊有时是不真实的。答案：DBEarlythisyearlawmakersinMaineputforwardabill(议案)tomakethewhoopiepieanofficialsymboloftheirstate.ButbakersinPennsylvaniacried_foul.Theysaidthewhoopiepiewasinventedintheirstate，notinMaine.Awhoopiepieislikeacakesandwich：Betweentwosmallroundchocolatecakesthereisalayerofsoftvegetablefrosting(糖霜)．Manystateshavedifferentofficialsymbols，likestatebirds，stateflowers，orevenstatefruitsorvegetables.Forexample，theofficialstatevegetableofTexasisthesweetonion.Tomakeanewsymbolofficial，statelawmakershavetopassalaw.Alawstartsasabill.Thenlawmakersvotefororagainstthebill.InMaine，ifamajorityvoteinfavorofabillinboththeStateSenateandStateHouseofRepresentatives(州参议院和众议院)，thebillbecomesalaw.Butfirstlawmakershavetoprovethatasymbolbelongstotheirstate.PaulDavisdecidedtowritethewhoopiebillaftertalkingtoenthusiasticfoodloversatlastyear’sMaineWhoopiePieFestival.InMaine，morethan4,0008 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。peoplecameouttoeatwhoopiepiesthatday.HebelievedmakingthewhoopiepieMaine’sofficialsymbolwouldmakehisstateproud.OnebakerinMaineclaimedthepiehadbeenbakedintheirstatesince1925.Butnooneknewforsurewhichstatemadethedessertfirst.Protesters(抗议者)inLancaster，Pennsylvania，gatheredagainstMaine’sbill.“GenerationsandgenerationshavebeenmakingandeatingwhoopiepieshereinLancaster，”oneprotestersaid.“Mygrandmotherdidinthe1930sand1940sandhermotherdidbeforeher.”Nomatterwhichstatewins，thewhoopiepieisawinnerinbothstates.缅因州想要将无比派设定为它的官方标志，然而宾夕法尼亚州却对此表示强烈的抗议。5．Theunderlinedphrase“criedfoul”canbebestreplacedby“______”．A．hesitated　　　　　　　B．complainedC．interruptedD．researched解析：词义猜测题。根据前后文可知，缅因州想要把无比派设定为它的官方标志，然而宾夕法尼亚州的面包师却声称宾夕法尼亚州才是无比派的发源地，并非缅因州。因此可知，宾夕法尼亚州的面包师对缅因州的这一举动表示不满。从而可知，“cryfoul”意为“抱怨，埋怨”。答案：B6．Whichofthefollowingpicturesisawhoopiepie?解析：图文转换题。根据第二段“Awhoopiepieislikeacakesandwich：Betweentwosmallroundchocolatecakesthereisalayerofsoftvegetablefrosting.”可知，无比派看起来像三明治：在两块小的、圆的巧克力蛋糕之间有一层软软的蔬菜糖霜。因此可知答案。答案：A7．Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout______.8 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A．thehistoryofthewhoopiepieB．theevidenceprovidedbyMaineC．thesystemoftheMainegovernmentD．theprocessofmakinganewsymbolofficial解析：段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了设定新官方标志的过程。答案：D8．Accordingtothepassage，PaulDavis______.A．isanenthusiasticfoodloverB．beganwritingthewhoopiebillearlythisyearC．preferscelebratingtheMaineWhoopiePieFestivaloutsidehishouseD．thoughtMainewouldbeproudifthewhoopiepiebecameitsofficialsymbol8