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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一
operation
n
.
手术;企业;经营
◆教材原句
During the
operation,
she sat in the waiting
room for over an hour worrying about him.
手术期间,她在候诊室里坐了一个多小时,为他担心。
◆要点必记
perform an operation(on sb.)(给某人)做手术
in operation 工作中;有效
put sth. into operation 实施
a rescue operation 营救行动
safe operation 安全操作
◆词语积累
operate
vi.
运转;动手术
vt
. 操作
operate on... 给……做手术
operator n. 操作员,经营者
operating
adj
. 操作的,外科手术的
◆误区警示
operate 表示“做手术”时是不及物动词,后面接on,然后接人或者身体的部位;表示“操作”时是及物动词,直接跟宾语。
题组练
·
领悟方法
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The nurse tended the boy so carefully that he recovered from his heart
(
operate
)
soon.
(
2
)
The operation
the old man will be carried out on schedule.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
Mr. Smith is the appointed doctor who will operate
the patient.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
To our great joy, the new machine is really easy
(
operate
)
.
(
5
)[词汇复现]
With the help of his teammate
,
the
(
operate
)
responded
immediately to the event.
◆
单句写作
(
6
)
The doctor decided to
(给病人做手术)
at
once.
operation
on
on
to operate
operator
perform an operation on the patient
词汇二 whisper(1)
vi. & vt.
悄声说;耳语;低语
(2)
n
. 耳语(声);低语(声);传言;谣传
◆教材原句
I saw her
whispering
something into his ear
,
obviously not wanting to be heard.
我看见她对他耳语了几句,显然不想被其他人听见。
◆要点必记
whisper sth. to sb.
把某事悄悄告诉某人
whisper sth. in one’s ear
在某人耳旁小声说某事
It is whispered that...
有人私下说
……
in a whisper =in a low voice
低声地
whisper mode
省电模式
◆
单句语法填空
(1)[词汇复现]In the wedding ceremony,Jack whispered
her
so that no one
else would hear.
(2) It
(whisper)that he shouldn’t serve as an experiment
volunteer
although he is eager to learn science.
◆
单句写作
(3)[词汇复现]She told me
(低声地)the news that she would set off
for Australia.
(4)[2019·北京卷]Nervously facing challenges,I know I will
_
____________
(向……低语)myself the two simple words“Be yourself ”.
to
is whispered
in a whisper
whisper to
词汇三 assist
vt.
帮助;援助
◆教材原句
...Dr Bethune did whatever he could to
assist
the Chinese people.
……
白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。
◆要点必记
assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助/ 援助某人某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
◆词语积累
assistant
n
. 助手,助理
assistance
n
. 帮助,援助,支持
come to one’s assistance 前来援助
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
We will assist the retired staff in
(
find
)
somewhere to live.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
There are few shop
(
assistant
)
and they tend to have their
days off by turns.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
In spite of his cries
,
no one came to his
(
assist
)
.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
He felt faint and could only walk with the
(
assist
)
of a
stick.
(
5
)
I applied to my boss for an
(
assist
),
for it was more than I could do
myself.
assistance
assistance
assistants
finding
assistant
词汇四
pass away
去世
◆教材原句
Sadly
,
Dr Bethune
passed away
in November the following year and was buried in
Shijiazhuang.
不幸的是,白求恩大夫第二年
11
月去世,葬在石家庄。
◆要点必记
pass by
经过
pass...on to
把
……
传递给
pass down
流传,世代相传
pass through
通过,穿过
pass off as
装作,假装
pass the driving test
通过驾照考试
pass the time
消磨时间
pass sth. to sb.
把某物传给某人
◆归纳拓展
“ 死”的委婉表达法:
pass away
,
sleep the final sleep
,
breathe one’s last
。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
We were passing
,
so we thought we’d come and say hello.
(
2
)
Alice was very sorry to hear her grandmother had passed
two days before.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
Valuable things that were passed
have something in common.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
On such an occasion
,
the torch will be passed from one person _____
to another.
◆单句写作
(
5
)[词汇复现]
They all waved merrily as they
(经过)
.
(
6
)[词汇复现]
She said she’d
the message
( 把
……
传给
……
)
my
colleagues.
by
away
down
on
passed by
passed
on to
词汇五
memory
n.
记忆力;回忆
◆教材原句
After Dr Bethune’s death
,
Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him...
白求恩大夫去世后,毛泽东主席写了一篇文章来纪念他
……
◆
要点必记
in memory of
作为对
……
的纪念
have a good/bad memory
(
for
)记忆力好差
from memory
凭记忆
memory loss
失忆
painful/sweet memories
痛苦
/
甜蜜的回忆
◆词语积累
“
in+
n
.+of”
结构:
in honour of
为了纪念
……
;为了表示敬意
in case of
防备
in celebration of
庆祝
in charge of
负责,管理
in defense of
保卫
in favour of
赞成,主张
in need of
需要
in search of
寻找
in support of
支持
in praise of
赞扬
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
She has an excellent memory
names
,
which helps her a lot in her
commercial work.
(
2
)
She can recite
(背诵)
the whole poem
memory.
(
3
)
Huang Jiaju made up a song Glorious Days in memory
Nelson Mandela.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
The library was built
(
为了纪念)
those who carried our country through the hardship.
(
5
)[词汇复现]
The stadium was named
( 为了向
……
表示敬意)
the club’s first chairman.
(
6
)
Most of us were
(支持)
Tom’s suggestion and entrusted him to make a plan.
(
7
)
Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students _________
(需要)
financial aid.
(
8
)[词汇复现]
Having bitten in the leg
,
he had to go to the mountain____________
(找药)
.
(
9
)[词汇复现]
I wrote a poem
(赞扬)
these significant changes.
for
from
of
in memory of
in honour of
in favor of
in need of
in search of
in praise of
重点句式
句式一
have sth. done
让某事被做
◆教材原句
Returning from the North Pole
,
the traveller wrote a book about his experience and
had it published
the
following year.
从北极回来后,这名旅行者写了一本关于他的经历的书,并在第二年出版。
◆句式分析
句中的
have sth. done
是过去分词作宾补,表示宾语和动词之间是被动关系,表示“让某事被做”。
◆要点必记
·have sb. do sth.
让某人做某事(宾语与宾补之间为主动关系)
·have sb. doing sth.
让某人一直做某事
·have sth. done
使某事被做或宾语遭遇、经历过(不好的事)(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
·have sth. to do
有某事要做(动词不定式作后置定语)
◆单句语法填空
(1) Before driving into the city,you are required to have your car
( wash).
(2)[2017·天津卷]I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as
I had a train
________
(catch).
(3) The waitress had the water
(run)even when she didn’t use
it.
(4)[词汇复现]When passing by the house,he had his leg
(bite)by a big dog.
◆
单句写作
(5) She told me she
(找人把她的房子粉刷了).
(6) You’d better
(找人把这些旧桌椅搬出)
our classroom.
washed
to catch
running
bitten
had her house painted
have the old desks and chairs moved out of
句式二 whatever 引导宾语从句
◆教材原句
Despite the difficult situation
,
Dr Bethune did
whatever
he could to assist the Chinese people.
尽管情况困难,但白求恩大夫还是尽其所能帮助中国人民。
◆句式分析
despite the difficult situation
是介词短语作状语
,whatever he could
是
whatever
引导的宾语从句。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
whatever
可以引导名词性从句,即宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句等。
在句中充当宾语、表语、主语和同位语,相当于
anything that
。
(
2
)
whatever
还可以引导让步状语从句,相当于
no matter what
。
◆学法点拨
whichever, whoever, whomever, however, whenever, wherever
等既可以引导名词性从句
,
又可
以引导让步状语从句。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
happens in the future
,
the sweet memories will never fade away.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
We will do
we can to add some new features to this running machine.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
In order not to waste our precious time
,
we’ll eat at
restaurant
has a free table.
(
4
)
While staying in the village
,
James unselfishly shared
he had with the villagers
without asking for anything in return.
◆单句写作
(
5
)[
2018·
天津卷]
The gold medal will be awarded to
(获得
第一名的人)
.
(
6
)[词汇复现]
The poor young man can’t not afford tuition fees and he is ready to accept
( 能得到的任何帮助)
.
Whatever
whatever
whichever
whatever
whoever wins the first place
whatever help he can get
单元语法
现在分词作宾语补足语和状语
◆用法归纳
现在分词作宾补,表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。
1.
动词的宾语补足语
(
1
)位于感官动词后:如
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
smell
,
watch
,
find
,
listen to
,
look at
,
notice
,
observe
等。
(
2
)位于其他动词后:如
set
,
keep
,
have
,
get
,
leave
,
catch
等。
注意
:现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行;而用动词原形作宾补,则表示动作的全过程。
2. with
复合结构
在
with
复合结构中,如果宾语发出动作,且表示动作持续或进行,则用现在分词作宾补。
注意
:在
with
复合结构中,动词不定式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作,但是表示动作将要发生。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
When I was on my way to school this morning
,
I saw two women_______
(
sell
)
lanterns.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The operator left hurriedly with the machine
(
run
)
.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
On the bank of the river
,
we found him
(
put
)
on a tent
,
with a
dog
(
lie
)
on the grass.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
Peter
,
a colleague of mine
,
was standing on the bridge and watching boats
_________
(
pass
)
by.
(
5
)
They use computers to keep the traffic
(
run
)
smoothly.
(
6
)
After a knock at the door , the child heard his mother’s voice
(
call
)
him.
(
7
)[词汇复现]
With the pianist
(
perform
)
music on the stage
,
the atmosphere
is quite romantic.
(
8
)
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found
(
smoke
)
in the kitchen.
(
9
)[词汇复现]
When I came in
,
I saw Linda
(
whisper
)
to Danny.
selling
running
putting
lying
passing
running
calling
performing
smoking
whispering
要点二 现在分词作状语
◆用法归纳
1.
现在分词的一般式与完成式现在分词的一般式(
doing
)作状语表示动作与谓语动词的动
作同时发生;现在分词的完成式(
having done
)作状语表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
2.
现在分词的主动式(
doing/having done
)作状语时,表示逻辑主语和其之间是主动关系;
现在分词的被动式(
being done/having been done
)作状语时,表示逻辑主语和其之间是被
动关系。
注意
:现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
3.
现在分词作状语的功能
现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等,相当于状语从
句。
(
1
)时间状语
表示时间,位于句子前半部分,可与
when
,
while
引导的时间状语从句相互转换;有时分
词前加
when
或
while
以示强调。
(
2
)原因状语
表示原因,位于句子前半部分,可与
as
,
since
,
because
引导的原因状语从句相互转换。
(
3
)条件状语
表示条件,位于句子前半部分,可与
if
,
unless
等引导的条件状语从句相互转换。
(
4
)让步状语
作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句,有时现在分词(短语)前可带有连词
although
,
even if
,
even
though
等。
(
5
)结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时表示必然的结果,通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果,现在分词前可加
thus
,
相当于
so
或
so that
引导的结果状语从句。
注意
:不定式作结果状语时,常与
only
,
never
连用,表示一种出乎意料的结果。
(
6
)方式或伴随状语
动词
-ing
作方式或伴随状语时,谓语动词表示动作发生的方式、背景或情况。此时分词的动作和谓语
动词的动作同时发生。现在分词或分词短语作伴随状语时可以转换成并列成分。
(
7
)评论性状语
有些现在分词(短语)没有逻辑主语而独立存在,往往位于句首用来修饰全句,表明说话
者的态度、 观点等。如:
judging from/by
由
……
判断
considering...
考虑到
……
supposing/providing/assuming...
如果
/
假设
…… generally/strictly/honestly/roughly/frankly
speaking
一般
/
严格
/
诚实
/
大致
/
坦率说来
(
8
)现在分词构成的独立主格结构
有时现在分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通
常用来表示伴随的动作或情况,有时还可以表示时间、原因、条件或解释整个句子。
There being no bus
,
we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
There are many goods
,
(
range
)
from food and drink to some electronic
products.
(
2
)
You have to prepare the next question
(
depend
)
on what the person says.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
(
walk
)
in the street with his dog following him
,
he felt really free
and pleased.
(
4
)
(
finish
)
his work
,
he went out into the garden to have a walk.
(
5
)
He lifted the stone only
(
drop
)
it on his own feet.
(
6
)[词汇复现]
(
elect
)
as captain
,
Tom was greatly encouraged.
(
7
)
(
try
)
many times
,
he still couldn’t overcome the difficulties.
(
8
)
(
eat
)
at the cafeteria before
,
Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
(
9
)
Unless
(
see
)
the changes with your own eyes
,
you will never believe their
greatness.
(
10
)[词汇复现]
His car broke down on the way
,
thus
(
cause
)
him to be late for the election.
ranging
depending
Walkling
Having finished
to drop
Having been elected
Having tried
Having eaten
seeing
causing
(
11
)[词汇复现]
(
spend
)
nearly all his money
,
the former wrestler couldn’t
afford a meal.
(
12
)
(
consider
)
his age
,
little Tom is doing a really good job.
(
13
)
Pressed from his parents
,
and
(
realise
)
that he has wasted too much time
,
the
boy is determined to stop playing video games.
(
14
)[词汇复现]
When
(
illustrate
)
a book
,
you put pictures
,
photographs or
diagrams into it.
(
15
)
(
go
)
straight down the road
,
you will find the canteen.
(
16
)
There is no greater pleasure than lying on the grassland
,
(
stare
)
at the night sky.
(
17
)[词汇复现]
Tom slowly walked away
,
(
complain
)
about the cold weather.
(
18
)
It
(
be
)
Sunday
,
many people go to the gymnasium to workout.
Having spent
Considering
realising
illustrating
Going
staring
complaining
being
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