2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修8Unit23Conflict学案 22页

(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 1．nutrition n．　　　　　　　　 营养 2．prejudice n. 偏见 3．racial adj. 种族之间的 4．community n. 社区 5．alcoholic n. 酗酒者，酒鬼 6．commercial n. (电视)广告 7．theoretical adj. 理论的 8．compass n. [纵联 1] 指南针，罗盘 9．allowance n. _零用钱，津贴 10．confidential adj. 秘密的 11．firework n. 烟火，烟花 12．import vt. 进口 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 1．betray_vt. 出卖 2．justice n. 公平，公正 3．compromise n. 妥协，让步 4．departure n. 离开，离去 5．classify vt. 把……分类 6．subscribe_vi. 订阅(杂志或报纸) 7．tip n. 有用的建议 8．contradict vt. 反驳，纠正 9．greet vt. 问候，致意 10．sob vi. 抽泣，呜咽 11．criticise vt. 批评 12．swear vi. 发誓 13．acquaintance n．　[纵联 2] 熟人；相识的人 14．sponsor vt.　 　[纵联 3] 赞助 15．despite prep. 不管 16．stable adj. 稳固的 17．unconscious adj.[纵联 4] 失去知觉的 18．expense n. 费用，开支 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 1．immigration n．移居；移民入境→immigrate vi.移入→immigrant n．移民 2．expose vt.暴露；使置身于危险中→exposure n．暴露 3．appoint vt.任命，委任→appointment n．任命，委任；约定→appointed adj.约定的 4．possession n．私有物品→possess vt.拥有；占有 5．representative n．代表→represent vt.代表 6．distribute vt.分发，分配→distribution n．分配；配给 7．consume vt.喝；消费，消耗→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费 8．strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强→strength n．力量；力气→strong adj.强壮的 9．intend vt.想要，打算→intention n．意图；意向；目的 10．socialism n．社会主义→socialist n．社会主义者 adj.社会主义的→society n．社会 11．adolescent adj.青春期的 n．青少年→adolescence n．青少年时期 12．remark vt.说起，谈到→remarkable adj.不平常的 纵联 1.“四大发明”全知道 ①compass n．指南针，罗盘 ②printing n．印刷术 ③gunpowder n．火药 ④papermaking n．造纸 纵联 2.朋友和周围的人 ①partner n．伙伴；同伴 ②fellow n．同伴；伙伴 ③acquaintance n．相识的人 ④roommate n．室友，舍友 ⑤companion n．同伴；同事；伴侣 ⑥colleague n．同事，同僚 纵联 3.“经济活动”相关动词小结 ①distribute 分发，分配 ②invest 投资 ③bid 出价；投标 ④advertise 做广告 ⑤compete 竞争 ⑥promote 促销 ⑦sponsor 赞助 纵联 4.聚焦“un­”前缀形容词 ①uncertain 不确定的 ②uncommon 不常有的 ③unconscious 失去知觉的 ④unfriendly 不友好的 ⑤unaware 不知道的 ⑥unfortunate 不幸的 ⑦unfair 不公平的 ⑧unlikely 不可能的 ⑨unknown 未知的 ⑩unmarried 未婚的 单元话题——战争与冲突 子话题 1　战争与冲突的类型 ①violence n．暴力 ②argue vi.争辩，争论 ③quarrel vi.争吵，吵架 ④conflict n．冲突，争执 ⑤terrorism n．恐怖主义，恐怖行动 ⑥fight v．打仗(架)，与……打仗(架) 子话题 2　解决战争与冲突的方法 ①rescue v．营救，援救 ②protest n．抗议，反对 ③investigate v．调查 ④defend vt.防守；保卫 ⑤guard n．警卫 ⑥withdraw v．撤退，离开 ⑦delegation n．代表团；授权，委托 ⑧proposal n．提议，建议 ⑨declaration n．宣布，宣告 ⑩surrender v. 投降；放弃 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 1．(2015·陕西高考阅读 C)It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers ❶ do have a choice. They can purchase shade­grown coffee whenever possible, although❷ at a higher cost ❸.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee. ①写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：consume ②写出加黑词在本单元的近义介词：despite，该近义词的同义短语为 in_spite_of ③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：expense，加黑词所在短语 at a higher cost 意为比较高 的花费 2．(2014·安徽高考阅读 C)Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence❶ — “it's a growing­up thing; you stop when you grow up ，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned ❷， such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady ❸ serial ( 顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting. ①写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：adolescent，加黑词也可作名词，意为青少年 ②用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：remarked ③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：stable，加黑词也可作动词，意为使镇定 3．(2013·江苏高考阅读 D) Twain's racial❶ tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth — mostly with white men performing in black­face — and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing❷ reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice❸ suggest his keen awareness that they did not. ①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：种族之间的 ②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：representative，该同根名词也可作为形容词，意为 典型的，有代表性的 ③写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：偏见 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 (根据汉语及提示词翻译句子) 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我特别喜欢篮球，因为打篮球加强了我的身体健康。 (strengthen) I_am_particularly_fond_of_basketball_because_playing_basketball_strengthens_my_physica l_health. 2．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)很多的事情引起了交通问题。尽管道路和公路的建设规模 很大，但由于近年来汽车数量的不断增加，仍有很大的改善空间。(despite) Quite_a_few_things_give_rise_to_the_traffic_problem.Despite_the_large­scale_construction _of_roads_and_highways,_there_is_still_much_room_for_improvement_because_of_the_ever_in creasing_number_of_cars_these_years. 3．(2014·陕西高考书面表达)作为我们学校的代表，我对你们的到来表示热烈的欢迎。 (representative) As_a_representative_of_our_school,_I_would_like_to_express_our_warm_welcome_to_you. (二)课堂重点释疑 1．betray vt.出卖，背叛 [记牢] betray ... to ...　　　　 将……出卖(泄露)给…… betray one's trust 辜负某人的信任 betray oneself 暴露本来面目；原形毕露 [练通]　完成句子 ①The suspect was terrified of saying something that would make him betray_himself. 嫌疑犯害怕说出暴露他本来面目的一些事情。 ②It is typical of him never to betray_others'_trust. 从不辜负别人的信任，那是他一向的风格。 ③The expression on his face betrayed_his_nervousness_to me. 他面部的表情向我暴露了他的紧张。 [写美] ④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我确信我绝不会辜负你的信任。如果你能给予我善意的关注， 我将不胜感激。 I_am_sure_that_I_will_never_betray_your_trust.I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_give_ me_a_kind_consideration. 2．distribute vt.分发，分配；散布，分布 [记牢] (1)distribute sth. to　　　　　 把某物分(配、发)给…… distribute sth. among 在……中分配/分发 (2)distribution n. 分发；分配 [练通]　单句语法填空 ① The unfair distribution (distribute) of social resources has led to a series of serious problems in China and the government has decided to take measures to improve it. ②The dealer appointed his assistant to distribute some new TV sets to the poor villages. ③The teacher was distributing the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying. [写美] ④(2018·北京高考书面表达)为了纪念这难忘的一天，活动结束后，大家手里拿着我分发 给他们的茶包拍照留念。 At_the_end_of_the_activity,_holding_the_tea_bags_distributed_to_them_by_me_in_our_ha nds,_we_took_a_picture_to_memorize_the_unforgettable_day. 3．expense n．费用，开支 [记牢] at sb.'s expense＝at the expense of sb.　由某人付费 at the expense of　　　　　　 以(损害)……为代价 spare no expense 不惜费用；不惜代价 free of expense 免费 [练通]　完成句子 ①If you are not satisfied, please return it at_our_expense and your money will be given back to you. 如果你不满意，请寄还给我们，费用由我们承担，并且你的钱将退还给你。 ②We will spare_no_expense to protect our country from being invaded. 我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的国家不受侵略。 ③His fame was bought at_the_expense_of health and happiness. 他获得了名声，牺牲了健康和幸福。 [写美] ④(2016·北京高考书面表达)地球日之前，我们班举行了一场热烈的讨论，大家一致同意， 我们不能以牺牲我们的环境为代价发展经济。 Before_Earth_Day,_our_class_held_a_heated_discussion.All_agreed_on_the_suggestion_tha t_we_shouldn't_develop_our_economy_at_the_expense_of_our_environment. 4．appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定 [记牢] (1)appoint sb. to be/as sth. 　 　　 　任命某人为…… appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事 (2)appointment n. 任命，委任；约会 make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①I have an appointment (appoint) with Mary, but I need to change it. ② It's said that new headmaster has just been appointed to_manage (manage) the whole school. 完成句子 ③ Now that you have_made_an_appointment_with_your friend, you should keep_the_appointment. 既然你已经和朋友约好了，你就应该守约。 ④I heard him saying to the nurse that he had_an_appointment_with the community patient at 9：00. 我听他给护士说他 9 点钟与社区的病人有约。 ⑤ Sam has_been_appointed_as/to_be_manager of the engineering department to take the place of George. 山姆已经被指定代替乔治担任工程部经理。 [写美] ⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)不能和你一起按照约定的时间去书店，我很抱歉。 I'm_sorry_that_I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_by_the_appointed_time. 5．possession n．[C]私有物品，财产(pl.); [U]拥有，占有 [记牢] (1)take/have possession of　　　　 占有，拥有 sb.be in possession of sth. ＝sth. be in the possession of sb. ＝sth. be in one's possession 某物为某人所有 (2)possess vt. 具有；占有；控制 be possessed of 拥有，具有，占有 [练通] 单句改错/句型转换 ① As we all know, the big houses are people's most valued possession.possession→possessions ②The car is now in the possession of Tom. →Tom is now in possession of the car. 完成句子 ③ My friend, Bob, _takes_possession_of most of the company's shares, and the rest are _in_the_possession_of other workers. 我的朋友 Bob 拥有公司大多数股份，剩余的都由其他的员工持有。 ④Although he doesn't_possess_much_money,_he is_possessed_of good health. 虽然他没有很多钱，但是他拥有健康的身体。 [用准]　in possession of“拥有，占有”的主语常是人，表示主动；in the possession of 主语常是事物，表示“被……占有(拥有)”。与之用法类似的常见短语还有：in charge of“负 责 ……”， in the charge of “ 由 …… 负 责 ”； in control of “ 控 制 ……”， in the control of“由……控制”。 [写美] ⑤(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)那时候我将 28 岁了。将有自己的家庭，也许会有一个可爱 的孩子。 I_will_be_twenty­eight_years_old_by_then.I_will_possess_my_own_family,_probably_with _a_lovely_child. 6．intend vt.想要，打算；设计，计划 [记牢] (1)intend sb.to do sth.　　 打算让某人做某事 intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事 had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 本打算做某事 (2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的 be intended for 专供……使用；专为……设计 (3)intention n. 意图，打算，计划 have no intention of doing sth. 不打算做某事；无意做某事 with the intention of 为了，以……为目的或意图 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①I intended to_make/making (make) full use of this summer holiday to travel to the places where I want to go. ②He intends his secretary to_draw (draw) up the important document. 句型转换 ③They had intended to go into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams. →They_intended to have gone into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams. 完成句子 ④The advertisement is_intended_for the students of all ages. 这个广告是专门针对各个年龄段的学生的。 ⑤He left his hometown with_the_intention_of looking for a good job in the big city. 他离开家乡，打算到大城市寻找一份好工作。 ⑥Mary has_no_intention_of marrying Tom this winter. Mary 没有打算今年冬季嫁给 Tom。 [写美] ⑦(2014·广东高考书面表达)Richard 计划 40 岁生日前找到 40 位同年同月同日生的人且 根据此经历写一本书。 Richard_intends_to_find_40_time_twins_before_his_40th_birthday_and_he_is_going_to_wr ite_a_book_based_on_this_experience. 7．remark vt.& vi.说起，谈到；谈论，评论；察觉 n．谈论，评论 [记牢] (1)remark that ...　　　　　　 评论…… remark on/upon sth./sb. 就某事/某人发表评论 (2)make a remark on/about 就……发表意见； 对……品头论足 (3)remarkable adj. 不平常的；值得注意的 be remarkable for ＝ be known/famous for 因……而著名 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①They are remarking on/upon the prosperous look of the countryside. ②She saw a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in her classroom performance last year. ③ The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by avoiding making critical remarks (remark)． 句型转换 ④It's bad manners to remark on the appearance of others. →It's bad manners to make a remark on/about the appearance of others. ⑤As we all know, China is famous for its long history. →As we all know, China is remarkable for its long history. [写美] ⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)更重要的是，欢迎大家参与进来，欣赏这部短片，之后进行 热烈的讨论，并发表意见。 What's_more,_everyone_of_you_will_be_welcome_to_participate_in_it,_enjoying_the_shor t_film,_having_a_heated_discussion_afterwards_and_making_a_remark_about_it. 8．expose vt.显露，露出；暴露；使置身于危险中；揭露；使接触(新事物) [辨清]　写出下列句中 expose 的含义 ①He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of white teeth. 露 出 ②The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves. 暴 露 ③The play, Death of a Salesman, exposes the cruelty of the American business world. 揭 露 ④We want to expose the kids to as much art as possible. 使接触 [记牢] (1)expose ... to ...　　 使……暴露于/面临/遭受…… (be) exposed to ... 暴露于……；处于可能受到伤害的境地 expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事 expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物；使某人面临/遭受某事 (2)exposure n. 暴露；揭露 [练通] 单句语法填空 ⑤The newspaper exposed his secret to the public. ⑥Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures. ⑦After only a short exposure (expose) to sunlight his face began to turn red. 完成句子 ⑧Everyone is_exposed_to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. 无论选择何种生活方式，每个人都暴露在空气污染中。 ⑨He didn't want to expose_his_fears_to_anyone. 他不想向任何人显露他的恐惧。 [写美] ⑩He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.(用过去分词短语作原因状 语改写) →Exposed_to_the_rain_and_wind_last_night,_he_was_ill. 9．classify vt.编排；分类；归类 [记牢] classify sb./sth. 　　　　　 将某人/某物归类 be classified into ... 划分成；被分成 be classified by ... 按照……分类 be classified as 被划分为 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①The novel written by him is classified as a science fiction. ②The children were classified into different groups according to how much they know. ③It is required that the books in the library should be classified by subject. [写美] ④(2016·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，选民有时会感到恼火，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而 是因为他们按照情绪和公平分类。 To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not_because_they_hate_voting,_but_becau se_they_are_classified_by_emotion_and_fairness. [词汇过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She found a company to sponsor (赞助) her through college. 2．It is well known that running a car is a great expense (花费)． 3．Her husband always contradicted (反驳) everything she said. 4．The boys are arguing over the justice (公平，公正) of the matter. 5．I didn't betray (背叛) my king to another for gold or power. 6．He became unconscious (失去知觉的) after being hit by a stone. 7．In the study, families are classified (把……分类) according to their income. 8．At Jimmy's birthday party I was introduced to make the acquaintance (相识) of several successful managers in IT industry. 9．After a long talk, my parents and I reached a compromise (妥协) on my monthly expense. 10．I subscribe (订阅) to a number of journals concerned with my subject. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．They could not agree about the distribution (distribute) of the profits. 2．He was the school's representative (represent) at the important meeting. 3．Memory can be classified into short­term memory and long­term memory. 4．These houses located in the centre of the city are his personal possessions (possess)． 5 ． More efforts should be made to strengthen (strength) the connection between the two sides. 6．He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he betrayed himself (he)． 7．Prolonged (长久的) exposure (expose) to harmful radiation will do great harm to your health. 8．I was sorry for forgetting our appointment (appoint), because I was so busy. 9．I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intended to_join/joining (join) a Dragon Boat training camp. 10 ． The high tax made the consumers (consume) unwilling to buy alcohol, which is welcomed for most people. Ⅲ.单句改错 1．Personally, I strongly subscribe with this practice for two reasons. with→to 2．The old man intends that his son manages the company. manages→manage 3．He is in the possession of a large property in the country. 去掉第一个 the 4．Could you remark in what happened just now？ in→on/upon 5．Children exposing to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging tasks. exposing→expose d Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Happiness should not be achieved at_the_expense_of others' interests. 幸福不能以别人的利益为代价而获得。 2．To learn English, I have to subscribe_to many magazines. 为了学习英语，我必须订阅许多杂志。 3．Kate is a woman who is_possessed_of a rare intelligence and she is sure to do the work well. Kate 是一位拥有罕见智慧的女士，她一定能做好工作。 4．They had not been_exposed_to most diseases common to urban populations. 城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。 5．I was_appointed_to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day. 我被委派负责安排那天所有的活动。 (一)课前自主学习 1．be_exposed_to　　　　　　 处于可能受伤害的境地 2．hand_over_ 把……交给 3．stand_up_for 保护，维护；保卫 4．put_forward [串记 1] 提议，提出 5．send_for 派人去请/叫 6．call_in_ 请(某人) 7．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋 8．hold_out_ (在困境中)坚持 9．call_on 要求……介入；呼吁 10．look_down_on 看不起…… 11．keep_one's_word 遵守诺言 12．come_about [串记 2] 发生 13．in_peace　　[串记 3] 和平地 14．look_into 调查 15．sort_out 解决(问题或困难)；分类 16．give_in_ 让步，屈服 [同根短语串记] 串记 1.“提出，提议”短语万花筒 ①put forward ②bring up ③bring forward ④come up with ⑤put forth 串记 2.“发生”一族 ①happen 偶然发生 ②take place 发生(安排好的) ③occur 发生；突然想起 ④come about(已经)发生 ⑤break out 发生，爆发 串记 3.“in＋n.”常考短语大全 ①in peace 和平地 ②in return 作为报答 ③in trouble 陷入困境 ④in power 当权的 ⑤in vain 徒劳的 ⑥in store 将要发生 ⑦in place 在适当的位置 ⑧in conclusion 总之 ⑨in turn 轮流 ⑩in summary 总之；概括起来 1．act of violence　　　　　　　 暴力行为 2．do my own laundry 自己洗衣服 3．move into the flat 搬进公寓 4．get a full night's sleep 睡个好觉 5．after careful consideration 仔细考虑后 6．go back to normal 恢复正常 7．show his identification papers to a soldier 把他的证件给一个士兵看 8．a bad influence on his adolescent son 对他青春期的儿子产生了不良影响 1．Yang Ming's neighbours say they were being driven mad being_exposed_to such noise. 杨明的邻居们说处于这样的噪音中快要被逼疯了。 2．Had_they_known their neighbour was a drummer, they wouldn't_have_moved into the building. 要是知道他们的邻居是个鼓手，他们就不会搬进来了。 3．No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night's sleep. 他们一搬进来，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。 4．In fact, the_more_I use the bike, the_more weight I seem to put on, despite following the instruction manual carefully. 事实上，尽管我按照说明书认真去做，但是我骑车的次数越多，体重似乎增加的就越多。 [学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 1．(2014·浙江高考完形)I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour, wondering what had just happened. How did I make such a life­changing difference to that boy without even knowing it？(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)come_about 2 ． (2011· 广 东 高 考 阅 读 B)In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other's language.It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘Dog’， and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’．(用本单 元短语替换加黑词汇)in_peace 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 (根据汉语及提示翻译句子) 1．(2017·浙江高考书面表达)直升飞机一着陆 Tom 就冲了出去，紧紧地抱住 Jane。(no sooner ...than ...) No_sooner_had_the_helicopter_landed_than_Tom_dashed_out_and_hugged_Jane_tightly. 2．(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创新之外，你还需要给我们提交一份报告，解 释你是如何想到这个点子的以及你使用了哪些材料。(hand over) Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_hand_a_report_over_to_us,_explain ing_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use. (二)课堂重点释疑 [短语集释] 1．hand over 把……交给 [记牢] hand down　　　　　　 把……传下来 hand back 归还；交还 hand in 上交，提交 hand out 分发，散发 [练通]　单句语法填空 ①They would catch the robbers and hand them over to the police. ②It is kind of you to help me hand the books out to everyone. ③It is required that every student should hand in a paper about their subject. ④These skills used to be handed down from father to son. [写美] ⑤ (2016· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ 书 面 表 达 ) 如 果 你 想 加 入 ， 你 可 以 把 你 的 照 片 发 到 邮 箱 ： intlphotoshow@gm.school.com。 If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_hand_over_your_photos_to_the_email:_intlphotoshow@gm. school.com. 2．put forward 提议，提出；推荐；将……提前 [辨清]　写出下列句中 put forward 的含义 ①The plan put forward in the last meeting isn't accepted by everyone. 提 出 ②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate. 推 荐 ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes to avoid coming late. 拨 快 ④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 提 前 [记牢] put aside　　　　　保留；把……放在一边；留出(一段时间)；储存(备用) put away 把……收拾起来；存钱 put down 记下，写下；镇压 put off 推迟，延期 put out 关(灯)；出版，发布；生产 put up 建造；张贴；安排住宿 put up with 忍受；忍耐 [练通]　单句语法填空 ⑤I am so busy that I can't put aside time to accompany my family. ⑥Parents are coming back, and you'd better put away these things, or the room is in a mess. ⑦The school put up a notice to remind the students that the sports meet had been put off until the next weekend. ⑧He won't put up with anyone questioning his decisions. [写美] ⑨(2016·北京高考书面表达)我们班提出的方案是充分利用使用过的材料。 The_plan_put_forward_by_our_class_is_to_make_the_best_of_used_materials. 3．look into 调查；了解 [记牢] look up　　　　　　　　　 仰视；查阅 look up to sb. 尊敬某人 look forward to 盼望 look down upon/on 轻视，瞧不起 look back on/at 回顾 look through 浏览；仔细查看 look ahead (to sth.) 展望未来；为将来设想 [练通] 单句语法填空 ①She was looking through the document when her secretary walked into her office. ②He is a famous headmaster who has made contributions to our school, so everyone looks up to him. ③The children are looking forward to receiving (receive) lucky money in the Spring Festival from their parents or relatives. 完成句子 ④You can look_up_abundant_useful_information on the Internet if you can make full use of your computer. 如果你充分使用你的电脑的话，你就能查找到很多有用的信息。 ⑤Nobody will look_up_to_you if you look_down_on/upon_yourself. 如果你自己都瞧不起自己，没有人会瞧得起你。 ⑥It is time for us to look_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_future when the new year comes. 当新年到来时，该是我们回顾过去、展望未来的时候了。 [写美] ⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我盼望着你的到来并在不久的将来和我一起体验它。 I'm_looking_forward_to_your_arrival_and_joining_me_in_experiencing_it_in_the_near_fut ure. [句式集释] 1．no sooner ... than ... [教材原句]　No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night's sleep. [悟拓展例句] (1)(2014· 陕 西 高 考 )No_sooner_had_Mo_Yan_stepped_on_the_stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 (2)(2014· 湖 北 高 考 )Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said sharply ， “Don't be so mean，”pointing a finger of warning at her. Sabrina 的话音刚落，Albert 就冲她伸出一根手指表示警告，并且厉声说：“别那么小 气”。 [析用法规则] 用法归纳 (1)no sooner ... than ...表示“一……就……；刚……就……”，主句常用过去完 成时，than 从句中常用一般过去时。当 no sooner 位于句首时，主句用部分倒 装。 (2)类似句型：hardly/scarcely ... when ...。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2017·北京高考写作佳句)No sooner had we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school than we took actions.(开头句) (2)(2018·北京高考满分作文)Hardly had the foreign students arrived at the tea house when they were attracted immediately by the unique tea pots and tea cups.(要点句) 2．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ... [教材原句]　In fact, the_more_ I use the bike, the_more weight I seem to put on, despite following the instruction manual carefully. [悟拓展例句] (1)(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)The_more you learn and the_more you try, the_more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. 你学的与尝试的越多，你就会有越多控制你食物和日程的能力。 (2)The_warmer the weather is, the_better the crops will grow. 天气越暖和，庄稼长得就越好。 (3)The_sooner,_the better. 越快越好。 [析用法规则] 用法 归纳 (1)the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语 是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时， 从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。 (3)此结构可以用省略形式。 [背写作佳句] (1)(2014· 全 国 卷 Ⅱ 满 分 作 文 )I think the more you travel around the world, the more colorful your life become.(要点句) (2)(2014· 福 建 高 考 满 分 作 文 )My father came and encouraged me that the more you practiced, the better you did well in your riding.(总结句) [词块、句式过关综合训练]　 Ⅰ.选词填空 hand over， hold out， be exposed to， sort out， look into， give in， call in， send for， come about， keep one's word 1．Stubborn as he was, he finally gave_in. 2．He is reliable, for he always keeps_his_word. 3．The old man made a will to hand_over all his money to the girl. 4．Your mother is ill and you must send_for a doctor now. 5．I don't know how the accident came_about that night. 6．They set up a working group to look_into the problem. 7．The workers are_exposed_to unacceptable high­level radiation. 8．The food is running out and I don't know how long we can hold_out. 9．If you can't sort_out the difficulty yourself, I will ask Tom to help you. 10．Two policemen have been called_in to help solve the problem. Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译 1．我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。 I_like_to_look_back_on_my_high_school_days,_which were the happiest in my life. 2．这么重要的会议他怎么会迟到呢？ How_did_it_come_about that he was late for such an important meeting? 3．我总是持有这一信念：人们拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。 I've always held the belief that the_more_people_have,_the_more_they_want. 4．他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 ①The students started cheering as_soon_as he finished his speech. ②The students started cheering immediately/directly/instantly he finished his speech. ③The students started cheering the_moment/minute/instant he finished his speech. ④No_sooner_had_he_finished_his_speech than the students started cheering. ⑤Hardly/Scarcely_had_he_finished_his_speech when the students started cheering. Ⅲ.分步写作 假如你是李华，昨天晚饭时你的同学 Mary 告诉你她打算报考历史专业，但是你说了打 击她的话，令她很失望。请用英语给她写一封道歉信，要点如下： 1．向她表示道歉； 2．表达你现在的认识； 3．请求她的原谅。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。需要从以下三 部分表达要点：一是向她表示道歉；二是表达你现在的认识；三是请求她的原谅。要点表达 要力求准确全面，避免跑题。 要点 1：向她表示道歉。 Make_an_apology_to_her. 要点 2：表达你现在的认识。 Express_your_attitude_toward_it. 要点 3：请求她的原谅。 Show_your_feelings_to_get_her_forgiveness. 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道，如对要点 1 可补充道歉的原因，表达时可通过添加一些 what，that 引导的宾语从句及使用 what was worse 等高级句型和表达，使表达歉意更加真诚，易于接受；在要点 2 中可补充内容“无可 辩驳，我说的话不合适，而且我也知道从一位朋友那儿得到这样沮丧的回应会让你多么的失 望”，可用 and 连接两个并列句，其中穿插 what 引导的宾语从句，首先承认自己所说的不合 适，再次表达因此而给彼此带来的不好影响，让自己对错误的认识更加深刻；要点 3 使用 that 引导的宾语从句，表达自己的渴望。 拓展 1－①：我写信是为我昨天在吃饭的时候给你说的话而道歉。(what 引导的宾语从 句) I'm_writing_to_make_an_apology_for_what_I_said_to_you_at_dinner_yesterday. 拓展 1－②：我不应该告诉你历史是一门无用的专业。 (that 引导的宾语从句) I_shouldn't_have_told_you_that_history_was_a_useless_major. 拓展 1－③：更加糟糕的是，我没有考虑就说了这些话，也没有考虑你的感受。(what was worse) What_was_worse,_I_said_these_words_without_thinking_and_didn't_take_your_feelings_i nto_consideration. 拓展 2：无可辩驳，我说的话不合适，而且我也知道从一位朋友那儿得到这样沮丧的回 应会让你多么的失望。(and 并列句， what 引导的宾语从句) There's_no_arguing_that_what_I_said_was_improper,_and_I_know_how_disappointed_you _would_be_to_get_such_a_discouraging_response_from_a_friend. 拓展 3：为我愚蠢的言语道歉，希望你能发自内心地原谅我。(that 引导的宾语从句) I'm_so_sorry_for_my_stupid_words_and_hope_that_you_can_forgive_me_from_the_botto m_of_your_heart. 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头明确表达歉意；中间表达认识及渴望原谅；结尾用 Wish ...句型表达渴望。 Dear_Mary， I'm_writing_to_make_an_apology_for_what_I_said_to_you_at_dinner_yesterday.I_shouldn 't_have_told_you_that_history_was_a_useless_major.What_was_worse,_I_said_these_words_wit hout_thinking_and_didn't_take_your_feelings_into_consideration. There's_no_arguing_that_what_I_said_was_improper,_and_I_know_how_disappointed_you _would_be_to_get_such_a_discouraging_response_from_a_friend.I'm_so_sorry_for_my_stupid_ words_and_hope_that_you_can_forgive_me_from_the_bottom_of_your_heart. Wish_our_friendship_can_be_continued. Yours， Li_Hua 掌握阅读技能之(四)　推理 推理判断题要求考生由文章中已知信息出发，对题干要求的内容进行合理推测，大多会 问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。这类试题， 除了需要准确、透彻地理解文章、理顺文章的脉络外，还要求考生有一定的思考提炼和逻辑 推理的能力。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大，是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。 [高考典例 1]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D 篇) We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. Q：What does the author think of new devices? A．They are environment­friendly. B．They are no better than the old. C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly. [分析]　根据最后一句“这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源”， 可推断出新设备更节能、更环保。故选 A。 [高考典例 2]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·A 篇) Activity Description Member of staff Cost Potty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley­on­Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake ￡150 Q：How long does Potty about Potter last? A．Two days.　　　　　　　　　B．Four days. C．Five days. D．One week. [分析]　根据这则广告可知，该广告提到参观华纳兄弟演播室、买野餐、在青年旅舍住 一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游览查韦尔河就应该是第二天的活动，由此推断 这个活动的持续时间是两天。故选 A。 [高考典例 3]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ·C 篇) [1]Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday. [2]While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. [3]According to the report's key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13­year­olds and 9 percent of 17­year­olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” [4]The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2－8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session. [5]When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e­readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. Q：Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”？ A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3. C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5. [分析]　第一段中提出“为了乐趣而阅读的儿童人数减少了”，第三段中通过一些数据 来支持这一观点，故选 B。